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Öğe EFFECTS OF CADMIUM - SALT INTERACTIONS ON GROWTH AND SOME GENES IN WHEAT(Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2021) Dogru, H.; Ergun, N.Due to the increase in human population and anthropogenic factors, agricultural lands have been affected by salinization and heavy metal pollution has increased. In this study, the effects of cadmium and salt interactions on Konya - 2002 and Dagdas - 94 varieties of Triticum aestivum L. seedlings were investigated. Catalase and glutathione reductase activities were determined as well as proline content and expression of TaMYB73, TaSRG and TaERF1 genes. Cd and salt applications caused an increase in catalase, glutathione reductase activities and free proline content in both cultivars. With Cd and salt applications, Dagdas - 94 variety was more resistant than Konya - 2002. TaMYB73 expression did not increase under either treatment. Dagdas exhibited the highest increase in gene expression. High NaCl and Cd concentrations caused an increase in ERF1 expression in Dagdas variety. Increased TaSRG expression in Dagdas under low NaCl concentrations has probably been associated with salt tolerance. Increased TaSRG expression with Cd administration in Konya probably corresponded to genes related to Cd resistance.Öğe EFFECTS OF CADMIUM AND HIGH TEMPERATURE ON CHLOROPHYLL AND MINERAL NUTRIENT CONTENTS IN Triticum aestivum L. SEEDLINGS(Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2021) Ergun, N.; Karanlik, S.; Tiryakioglu, M.Wheat plays a particularly important role in the human diet. Environmental stresses negatively affect wheat development and yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects of high temperature-cadmium interactions on total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b ratio as well as cadmium and mineral nutrient contents (potassium, magnesium, zinc, calcium) in wheat seedlings. Seedlings belong to two varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) named Dagdas and ES-14 were treated with different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (0, 15, 75 ppm), under different (24/16 degrees C and 40/30 degrees C daytime/night-time) temperature conditions. The total chlorophyll increased in the Dagdas and decreased in the ES-14 in response to the high-temperature treatment (40/30 degrees C). Cadmium caused a decrease in the Chlorophyll a/b ratio in varieties at high-temperature conditions. The accumulation of cadmium and uptake of other minerals in shoots differed depending on the wheat variety and cadmium-temperature interaction. Cadmium accumulation in shoots increased in response to the cadmium treatments. Cadmium accumulation decreased at the 40/30 degrees C temperature compared to that at 24/16 degrees C temperature. Calcium accumulation increased in shoots as a response to high temperature in both varieties. In both varieties, the potassium content increased in response to cadmium (15 mu M) and high temperature.Öğe EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE - HEAVY METAL INTERACTIONS, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY AND GENE EXPRESSION IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) SEEDLINGS(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2014) Ergun, N.; Ozcubukcu, S.; Kolukirik, M.; Temizkan, O.In this study, the effect of heat and chromium (Cr) heavy metal interactions on wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. C-1252 and Gun91) was investigated by measuring total chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) antioxidant enzyme activities, and MYB73, ERF1 and TaSRG gene expression. Examination of pigment levels demonstrated a decrease in total chlorophyll in both species of wheat under combined heat and heavy metal stress, while the carotenoid levels showed a slight increase. APX activity increased in both species in response to heavy metal stress, but the increase in APX activity in the Gun91 seedlings was higher than that in the C-1252 seedlings. CAT activity increased in Gun91 seedlings but decreased in C-1252 seedlings. These results showed that Gun91 seedling had higher resistance to Cr and Cr + heat stresses than the C-1252 seedling. The quantitative molecular analyses implied that the higher resistance was related to the overexpression of TaMYB73, TaERF1 and TaSRG transcription factors. The increase in the expression levels of these transcription factors was profound under combined Cr and heat stress. This study suggests that TaMYB73, TaERF1 and TaSRG transcription factors regulate Cr and heat stress responsive genes in wheat.Öğe EXPRESSIONS OF GENES IN Triticum aestivum L. VARIETIES UNDER SOME ABIOTIC STRESSES(Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2021) Toraman, Sengul P.; Ergun, N.Abiotic stresses caused by changing climatic conditions affect plants not only physiologically but also at the molecular level. This study, Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dagdas-94 and Dogankent were divided into four groups at the end of the sixth day. The seedlings were exposed to flood, drought, and salt stress and harvested at the end of the twelfth day. Increased catalase enzyme, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were noted in Dogankent cultivar under drought stress conditions. Proline accumulation was mostly observed in Dagdas-94 variety, exposed to drought stress. The chlorothricin (CHL) gene has been investigated in many plants and was examined first in Triticum aestivum in this study. Triticum aestivum salt-related hypothetical protein (TaSRHP) increased in both wheat varieties. This gene is dependent on salinity. Although the exact mechanism is not known exactly, the absence of amplification in Triticum aestivum zinc finger protein (TaZnFP) - which is known to occur under stress - suggests that it may be the result of reading on the twelfth day of the study, and this protein may appear as the first response to stress. It can be stated through this study; Dagdas-94 variety is more drought-resistant than Dogankent variety.Öğe GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND GGE BIPLOT ANALYSES IN DURUM WHEAT UNDER WATERLOGGING STRESS(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2023) Tiryakioglu, M.; Akcali, C. T.; Sahin, C. B.; Karanlik, S.; Ergun, N.Waterlogging is one of the major limitations that reduce productivity in wheat all over the world. The present study aimed to identify waterlogging-tolerance in durum wheat genotypes. Thirty-two durum wheat genotypes were screened under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using randomized complete block design with three replications. High-purity nitrogen gas was used to provide and maintain waterlogging stress, while the control group was aerated with the air. Growth and physiological parameters i.e., shoot dry weight gain, root dry weight gain, total dry biomass weight gain, plant leaf area, dry leaf weight, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and their tolerance indices were determined. Durum wheat seedlings grown under anaerobic conditions had significantly lower shoot dry weight, total dry biomass weight, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll a + b content. Results further revealed that the tolerance indices varied depending on wheat cultivars for the investigated parameters. Harran 95 under aerobic condition and Eminbey under anaerobic condition had the highest tolerance indices for shoot dry weight gain and total dry biomass weight gain. However, Kiziltan 91 had the highest tolerance indices for root dry weight gain under these two conditions. For these reasons, Kiziltan 91 came to forefront position with its stability and could be used in durum wheat breeding. For identifying the correlation of tolerance index with seed yield and potential genotypes to be used as a selection criterion, further studies are needed under field conditions.Öğe WATERLOGGING AND NITRIC OXIDE INDUCE GENE EXPRESSION AND INCREASE ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2014) Ozcubukcu, S.; Ergun, N.; Ilhan, E.The effects of waterlogging (WL) and WL plus nitric oxide (WL+NO) were investigated in seedlings of one wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum cv. Dogankent) and one wheat line (Triticum aestivum cv. Ducula-4). Under WL conditions, catalase activity was greater in Ducula-4 than in Dogankent. Glutathione reductase activity increased in Ducula-4 seedlings under WL+NO conditions, especially at 48 and 72 hours of treatment. Myb2 expression increased during the early hours of treatment in both wheat varieties exposed to WL, with 40-fold higher levels in Ducula-4, gradually decreasing to control levels. Under WL+NO treatment, Myb2 expression increased 44-fold at 12 hours and high levels of expression were still observed at 72 hours. When Ducula-4 seedlings were subjected to WL+NO treatment, PDPK expression increased approximately 15-fold at 3 hours and decreased to control levels at 72 hours. Under the same conditions, SST1 expression increased 3-fold at 3 and 12 hours and reached control levels during the subsequent hours. Among the genes studied, the highest level of expression was observed for Myb2. Moreover, gene expression was altered most by waterlogging in Ducula-4 seedlings.
