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Öğe Characterization of normal and mastitic milks using Raman Spectroscopy by application of SERS method(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2024) Acikgoz, G.; Coskun, P.; Ergun, Y.; Baspinar, N.; Kazak, F.Rapid, non-destructive analysis of the milk by Raman Spectroscopy is used in different analyses and has enabled the determination of biological samples without using additional chemicals. In the study, it is aimed to investigate the molecular structures of normal and mastitic milks using Raman spectroscopy by application of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) method and this study is the first study done for this purpose. In the study, the presence or absence of functional groups of the spectra obtained from the milk samples was compared with the reference spectra in other studies. It was observed that the peaks obtained from the biochemical structures of normal and mastitic milks were consistent with the literature. In addition, it was found that the biochemical components (such as fat, proteins, carbohydrates and minerals) of subclinical mastitis and normal milk did not change at the molecular level. It was thought that there was no change at the molecular level as there was no visible deterioration in the milk with subclinical mastitis and the factor caused by the infection in the breast tissue.Öğe Detection of slime genes and antiseptic/antibiotic-resistance genes in Staphylococcal isolates from Damascus goats with subclinical mastitis(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2019) Cantekin, Z.; Ergun, Y.; Solmaz, H.; Tek, E.This study aimed to detect slime genes and antibiotic/antiseptic-resistance genes in staphylococcal isolates from goats with subclinical mastitis in Hatay, Turkey. Thirty staphylococcal isolates were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analyses for detection of the studied genes. The genes responsible for slime production (icaA and icaD), in addition to oxacillin (mecA), gentamicin (aacA-aphD), erythromycin (ermA and ermC), tetracycline (tetK and tetM) penicillin (blaZ) and quarterly ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes (qacA/qacB and qacC) were analysed by PCR assays. Slime genes predominated in goat mastitis isolates (12/30, 40.0%). The most prevalent resistance gene was blaZ, which was found in 11 (36.6%) isolates. mecA was present in 2 (6.6%) isolates, and qacA/B was found in 1 (3.3%) isolate. The other resistance genes were not detected in any isolates. Twelve of the 30 isolates were negative for the studied genes. In conclusion, the presence of ica genes in 40% of isolates illustrates the slime production ability of staphylococcal isolates in goat mastitis. The presence of these resistance genes in goat mastitis isolates is remarkable and has implications for goat milk and goat milk products for human consumption.Öğe Development of Polymerase Chain Reaction assays with host-specific internal controls for Chlamydophila abortus(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2015) Cantekin, Z.; Solmaz, H.; Ergun, Y.; Ozmen, M.Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) is one of the most important infectious agents causing abortion in ruminants. The bacterium is obligately intracellular, cannot grow on agar, but it needs cell culture or embryonated eggs for growth. Therefore, culture-independent detection methods such as the polymerase chain reaction are increasingly important and needed. The aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction assay with an internal control for detection of C. abortus in clinical samples. Using newly-designed two primer sets specific for C. abortus, the polymerase chain reaction assay was first tested with positive and negative control DNA and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. A new polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed by combining the new primer pair sets with bovine (12SM-FW and 12SBT-REV2) and ruminant host-specific primer sets (12S-FW and 12S-REV). In conclusion, the developed polymerase chain reaction assays can potentially be used for direct detection of Chlamydophila abortus in bovine and ruminant samples.Öğe Development, Quality, and Production Parameters of In Vitro Embryo in Anatolian Water Buffaloes(Bogor Agricultural Univ, Fac Animal Science, 2024) Yilmaz, M. A.; Kaymaz, M.; Ergun, Y.The aim of the study was to determine in vitro embryo development, embryo quality, and in vitro embryo production (IVEP) parameters by using Anatolian water buffaloes (AWB) oocytes. In this study, 184 ovaries of 92 AWB obtained from slaughterhouses were used. The tissue culture medium (TCM-199) was used for in vitro maturation (IVM), Brackett & Oliphant (BO) medium for in vitro fertilization (IVF), and Charles Rosencrans 1 amino acid (CR1aa) medium for in vitro culture (IVC). A total of 395 oocytes (2.15 per ovary) were obtained from the ovaries. Frozen AWB sperm was used for fertilization. The number of cleavages at the 24th hour was 93 out of 302 (30.79%), the number of morulae and compact morula at the 96th hour was 53 out of 302 (17.55%), the number of blastocysts at 7th day was 29 out of 302 (9.60%), and the number of hatched blastocysts were 12 out of 302 (3.97%) on the 8th and 9th days. In the quality assessment of 29 blastocysts recovered on day 7 in IVC, 7 of them (24.13%) were of the code 1 quality, 9 of them (31.03%) were of the code 2 quality, 8 of them (27.50%) were of the code 3 quality, and 5 of them (17.24%) were classified as the code 4 quality. This study provides the first data on in vitro embryo development, embryo quality classification, and embryo production in AWB. As a result, the potential of oocytes AWB for IVEP has been revealed, and a scientific background has been provided for future studies.Öğe Distribution of antiseptic resistance genes in Staphylococcus spp. from bovine mastitis(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2017) Ergun, Y.; Cantekin, Z.; Gurturk, K.; Solmaz, H.; Ekin, I. H.; Ozturk, D.The purpose of this study was the determination of antiseptic resistance genes (qacA/B and qacC) from staphylococcal mastitis in cattle in various regions of Turkey. In total, 283 isolates (Burdur: 36, Hatay: 47 and Van: 200) were studied, and the antiseptic resistance genes were detected using simplex PCR. The distribution of the qacA/B and qacC genes, mediating resistance against quaternary ammonium compounds, was found to vary among the different isolates. The qacA/B genes were found in three of the Burdur isolates, six of the Hatay isolates and seven of the Van isolates. The qacC gene was found in two of the Burdur isolates, none of the Hatay isolates and two of the Van isolates. The presence of these genes and transmission among Staphylococcus spp. strains may pose risks in the control of mastitis, as well as to public health.Öğe The effect of reduced dose of PGF2? on certain reproductive parameters in awassi yearlings in anestrus synchronization protocol following the end of the breeding season(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Ozbilek, I.; Ergun, Y.; Gozer, A.; Bahan, O.; Alasahan, S.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the administration of half or full dose of prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha); Gestavet Prost, d-cloprostenol, HIPRA (R)) injection in a routine synchronization protocol following the end of the breeding period including intravaginal sponge (medroxyprogesterone acetate; Espanjovet, HIPRA (R)) and eCG (Oviser 500, HIPRA (R)) on certain fertility parameters in ewes.Two hundred thirty-eight Awassi yearlings (aged one year old) divided into two groups:116 ewes received a half dose (HSDP; 37.5 mu g) of PGF(2 alpha) and 122 ewes received full dose (FSDP;75 mu g).The pregnancy rates were 67.2% and 72.1% for HSDP and FSDP, respectively (P>0.05). The lambing rates were 64.7% and 63.9% for HSDP and FSDP, respectively (P>0.05).The single lambing rate in HSDP(94.7%) was higher (P<0.05) compared to that in FSDP (73.1%). The twin and multiple birth rates of FSDP was higher (P<0.05) than HSDP. As a result, it was inferred that aHSDP could be used in Awassi yearlings without experience of lamb care and in a herd in which single lambing was preferable. Moreover, due to the fact that it is more affordable and not detrimentalto fertility, it was concluded that HSDPcan offer an advantage in large flocks and can be used for manipulating fecundity ratesin yearlings.Öğe Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, total glutatione and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in milk cells of subclinical mastitic cows(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2019) Akalin, P. P.; Ergun, Y.; Baspinar, N.; Dogruer, G.; Kucukgul, A.; Cantekin, Z.; Isgor, M.This study aimed to determine the levels of milk cell total protein (TP), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), total glutathione (tGSH), activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in subclinical mastitic cows. Milk from each udder was collected and grouped by the California Mastitis Test. Then, a somatic cell count (SCC) was performed, and the groups were re-scored as control (5-87 x 10(3) cells), 1st group (154-381 x 10(3) cells), 2nd group (418-851 x 10(3) cells), 3rd group (914-1958 x 10(3) cells), and 4th group (2275-8528 x 10(3) cells). Milk cell TP, NADPH, tGSH levels, G6PD, and GPx activities were assessed. Microbiological diagnosis and aerobic mesophyle general organism (AMG, cfu/g) were also conducted. In mastitic milk, TP, NADPH, and tGSH levels, and G6PD and GPx activities were significantly reduced per cell (in samples of 10(6) cells). In addition, milk SCC was positively correlated with AMG (r=0.561, p<0.001), NADPH (r=0.380, p<0.01), TP (r=0.347, p<0.01) and G6PD (r=0.540, p<0.001). There was also positive correlation between NADPH (r=0.428, p<0.01), TP (r=0.638, p<0.001) and AMG. NADPH was positively correlated with TP (r=0.239, p<0.05), GPx (r=0.265, p<0.05) and G6PD (r=0.248, p=0.056). Total protein was positively correlated with tGSH (r=0.354, p<0.01) and G6PD (r=0.643, p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between tGSH and GPx activity (r=-0.306, p<0.05). The microbiological analysis showed the following ratio of pathogens: Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci 66.6%, Streptococcus spp 9.5%, Bacillus spp 9.5%, yeast 4.8%, and mixed infections 9.5%. As a conclusion, when evaluating the enzyme and oxidative stress parameters in milk, it is more suitable to assign values based on cell count rather than ml of milk. The linear correlation between the SCC and AMG, milk cell NADPH, TP and G6PD suggests that these parameters could be used as markers of mastitis.Öğe A PCR method with internal control for detection of Brucella spp. from bovine abortion samples(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2014) Solmaz, H.; Cantekin, Z.; Altug, N.; Ilhan, Z.; Aslan, S.; Ergun, Y.Brucella spp. are important infectious agents in bovine abortions worldwide. The bacteriological culture of Brucella spp. is fastidious and time consuming procedure as a classical laboratory method. Brucella spp. can be detected by using different molecular techniques. The aim of this study is to develop a PCR technique with an internal control for detection of Brucella spp. from bovine abortion samples. For this purpose, the sensitivities of three different primer pairs (BgF/BgR, B4/B5 and JP-R/JP-F) were compared. Bovine 12S gene specific primer pairs (12SM-FW/12SBT-REV2) were used as an internal control. The sensitivity of BgF/BgR primers was found higher than the other primer sets. A PCR assay was developed by combining BgF/BgR primer sets and primers for bovine 12S. This protocol was tested and validated by using abomasal contents of two Brucella-positive and eighteen Brucella-negative clinical samples. In conclusion, the developed PCR method with an internal positive control has a potential for use in direct detection and identification of the Brucella spp. from bovine abortion samples.Öğe Prevalence and distribution of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from chicken and turkey carcasses in Algeria(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2018) Mebkhout, F.; Mezali, L.; Hamdi, T. M.; Cantekin, Z.; Ergun, Y.; Ramdani-Bouguessa, N.; Butaye, P.This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) by biochemical tests in poultry carcasses. It is also intend to detect the distribution of genes for classical staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D and E (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) and for gene femA, specific for S. aureus species, using multiplex PCR. A total of 385 samples of neck skins from fresh poultry carcasses were collected during the period 2012-2013 from 16 different slaughterhouses located in the region of Algiers, Algeria. The overall prevalence of S.aureus in freshly slaughtered poultry carcasses was 41.56%, with an individual prevalence of 40.63% and 45.71% for chicken and turkey respectively. From the 95 strains of S.aureus identified by biochemical tests. 82 (86.32%) isolates were femA positive using multiplex PCR. The investigation has also revealed the presence of both enterotoxins B and D, with a predominance of seb (13.33%) followed by sed (1.67%), in the chicken carcasses while in turkey only sed was detected (4.55%) It has been found that strains of S.aureus of poultry origin can be enterotoxigenic with the predominance of genes encoding for enterotoxins seb in chicken and sed in turkey. As enterotoxins can be produced in adequate amounts to induce foodborne illnesses, these potential dangers must be considered in terms of a real risk to public health.Öğe Prevalence and Distribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates From Chicken and Turkey Carcasses in Algeria(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2018) Mebkhout, F.; Mezali, L.; Hamdi, T.M.; Cantekin, Z.; Ergun, Y.; Ramdani-Bouguessa, N.; Butaye, P.This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) by biochemical tests in poultry carcasses. It is also intend to detect the distribution of genes for classical staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D and E (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) and for gene femA, specific for S.aureus species, using multiplex PCR. A total of 385 samples of neck skins from fresh poultry carcasses were collected during the period 2012-2013 from 16 different slaughterhouses located in the region of Algiers, Algeria. The overall prevalence of S.aureus in freshly slaughtered poultry carcasses was 41.56%, with an individual prevalence of 40.63% and 45.71% for chicken and turkey respectively. From the 95 strains of S.aureus identified by biochemical tests, 82 (86.32%) isolates were femA positive using multiplex PCR. The investigation has also revealed the presence of both enterotoxins B and D, with a predominance of seb (13.33%) followed by sed (1.67%), in the chicken carcasses while in turkey only sed was detected (4.55%) It has been found that strains of S.aureus of poultry origin can be enterotoxigenic with the predominance of genes encoding for enterotoxins seb in chicken and sed in turkey. As enterotoxins can be produced in adequate amounts to induce foodborne illnesses, these potential dangers must be considered in terms of a real risk to public health. Copyright © 2019 F. Mebkhout, L. Mezali, T.M. Hamdi, Z. Cantekin, Y. Ergun, N. Ramdani-Bouguessa, P. Butaye
