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Öğe COMPARISON OF CRANIAL METRIC AND NON-METRIC TRAITS IN THE DETERMINING OF BIOLOGICAL DISTANCE: AN EXAMPLE OF ANATOLIA(Tuba-Turkish Acad Sciences, 2011) Eroglu, SerpilBiological distance, representing the determination of differences between populations relying on features controlled in most cases by more than one gene, is determined for populations having lived in the past by using anthroposcopic [non-metric] and anthropometric [metric] traits developing in dependence on both environmental and genetic factors. This study on the skulls of 344 male skeletons belonging to twelve Anatolian populations which lived during various periods and in various places, dating from the Early Bronze Age to the first quarter of the twentieth century, and stored in Hacettepe University's Biological Anthropology Laboratory, was conducted using 20 metric and 28 non-metric traits with the aim of comparing of these two variables in studies of biological distance in Anatolian populations and determining the biological relationship between these populations. In order to determine biological distances from metric variables, Mahalanobis's Generalized Distance (D-2) was used. In order to determine biological distances from non-metric traits, MMD statistics were used. Utilizing the SHAN cluster method in the NT-SYS packet program, fenograms were created for the distance matrices belonging to both variables found in dual comparisons of Anatolian populations. Fenograms created from D-2 matrix calculated from metric variables and fenograms created from MMD matrix calculated from trait variables produced relatively similar results. In addition, in this study both chronologic and geographic distance were shown to be better reflected in non-metric traits than in metric traits. Results produced from these variables were determined to be more in accord with archaeologic and historical data than results from metric variables. This study has shown that, contrary to studies in the biological anthropology literature claiming that non-metric traits are insufficient in studies of biological distance in comparison with metric variables, these traits can accurately reflect relationships between populations. However, it is thought that especially in studies of biological distance, by keeping the sample size sufficient and and approximately equal, using both variables together will produce more sound results.Öğe The Importance of the Supratrochlear Foramen of the Humerus in Humans: An Anatomical Study(Int Scientific Literature, Inc, 2014) Erdogmus, Senem; Guler, Munevver; Eroglu, Serpil; Duran, NizamiBackground: The supratrochlear foramen (STF) is an important and relatively common anatomic variation in the lower end of the humerus in humans. Its structure has received increased attention in recent years. Anatomical knowledge of STF is useful for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. This aperture is of great interest to anthropologists who claim it as one of the points in establishing a relationship between humans and lower animals. The goal of this study was to describe the features of STF of the humerus in the Turkish population. Material/Methods: All bones were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Department of Antrophology, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay. A total of 166 dried humeri (83 right side and 83 left side), of which 78 belonged to males and 88 to females, were examined to determine the presence of supratrochlear foramen. Digital vernier calipers were used to measure the maximum width (transverse) and height (vertical) of the STF. Results: Out of 166 bones, the foramen was present in 18 humeri (4 right side and 14 left side), showing the incidence as 10.8% with unpaired humeri. We observed 4 types of shape: oval, round, triangular, and sieve-like. The average diameter of the long (transverse) axis was 5.93 +/- 1.68 mm and the short (vertical) axis was 4.06 +/- 0.89 mm. Some of the bones showed translucency of the bony septum, found in 17 (20.5%) on both sides of the humeri. Conclusions: There are few studies about STF in the Turkish population. Knowledge of supratrochlear foramen in the distal humerus in humans is important in diagnostic orthopedics, in intramedullary nailing of the humerus, and in possibly increasing the risk of future low-energy fractures. In addition, STF is a radiolucent area in radiographs and may be misinterpreted as an osteolytic or cystic lesion.Öğe The importance of the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus in humans: An anatomical study(International Scientific Literature Inc., 2014) Erdogmus, Senem; Guler, Munevver; Eroglu, Serpil; Duran, NizamiBackground: The supratrochlear foramen (STF) is an important and relatively common anatomic variation in the lower end of the humerus in humans. Its structure has received increased attention in recent years. Anatomical knowledge of STF is useful for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. This aperture is of great interest to anthropologists who claim it as one of the points in establishing a relationship between humans and lower animals. The goal of this study was to describe the features of STF of the humerus in the Turkish population. Material; Methods: All bones were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Department of Antrophology, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay. A total of 166 dried humeri (83 right side and 83 left side), of which 78 belonged to males and 88 to females, were examined to determine the presence of supratrochlear foramen. Digital vernier calipers were used to measure the maximum width (transverse) and height (vertical) of the STF.; Results: Out of 166 bones, the foramen was present in 18 humeri (4 right side and 14 left side), showing the incidence as 10.8% with unpaired humeri. We observed 4 types of shape: oval, round, triangular, and sieve-like. The average diameter of the long (transverse) axis was 5.93±1.68 mm and the short (vertical) axis was 4.06±0.89 mm. Some of the bones showed translucency of the bony septum, found in 17 (20.5%) on both sides of the humeri.; Conclusions: There are few studies about STF in the Turkish population. Knowledge of supratrochlear foramen in the distal humerus in humans is important in diagnostic orthopedics, in intramedullary nailing of the humerus, and in possibly increasing the risk of future low-energy fractures. In addition, STF is a radiolucent area in radiographs and may be misinterpreted as an osteolytic or cystic lesion. © Med Sci Monit, 2014.Öğe Population history and substructure of Anatolia and Turkey as evidenced by craniofacial diversity.(Wiley-Liss, 2010) Seguchi, Noriko; Eroglu, Serpil; Schmidt, Ryan W.; Brace, C. Loring[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The Tradition of Burning the Corpse in the Iron Age : A Case Study on Zeviya Tivilki in the Upper Tigris Region(Assyriological Cent Georges Dossin, 2013) Okse, A. Tuba; Eroglu, SerpilThe excavations carried out within the salvage project of the Ilisu Dam to be constructed on the Upper Tigris valley brought out three New Assyrian sites with cremation burials. In the provincial capital at Ziyarettepe cremation pits with mass burials cremated together with rich grave goods are recovered. Contrary to this urban centre, cremated individuals were buried in jars at two small rural sites; at Kavusan Hoyuk located on the fertile plain of the Tigris River and Zeviya Tivilki in the construction zone of the Ilisu Dam. At the northwestern border of the settlement at Zeviya Tivilki, 20 urns containing 18 individuals are recovered. All individuals were cremated in high temperatures and most of them are aged less than 20 years; these suffered iron deficiency anemia, and the adult arthridis at the vertebrae. Grave goods are composed mostly of unburned iron tools and weapons intended for daily use. The homogeneious grave goods and the similarity of the burials reflect an unstratified community. According to the Assyrian texts, the region was occupied by local people since the Middle Assyrian period. The hand made vessels are frequently interpreted as products of local people inhabiting a wide area across the Tigris valley and the Taurus Mountains. These people used also the standard wheel made vessels during the New Assyrian supremacy. The New Assyrian kings re-populated the fertile plain with deportees and established a series of farmsteads; however, the limited area of the construction zone of the dam with a relative shallow layer of arable soil on the bedrock is not suitable for performing a productive agricultural system. Thus, Zeviya Tivilki was inhabited by the local folk producing half of their vessels by hand.
