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    Biodegradable Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Trends and Perspectives
    (Mdpi, 2020) Motelica, Ludmila; Ficai, Denisa; Ficai, Anton; Oprea, Ovidiu Cristian; Kaya, Durmus Alpaslan; Andronescu, Ecaterina
    This review presents a perspective on the research trends and solutions from recent years in the domain of antimicrobial packaging materials. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities can be induced by the main polymer used for packaging or by addition of various components from natural agents (bacteriocins, essential oils, natural extracts, etc.) to synthetic agents, both organic and inorganic (Ag, ZnO, TiO2 nanoparticles, synthetic antibiotics etc.). The general trend for the packaging evolution is from the inert and polluting plastic waste to the antimicrobial active, biodegradable or edible, biopolymer film packaging. Like in many domains this transition is an evolution rather than a revolution, and changes are coming in small steps. Changing the public perception and industry focus on the antimicrobial packaging solutions will enhance the shelf life and provide healthier food, thus diminishing the waste of agricultural resources, but will also reduce the plastic pollution generated by humankind as most new polymers used for packaging are from renewable sources and are biodegradable. Polysaccharides (like chitosan, cellulose and derivatives, starch etc.), lipids and proteins (from vegetal or animal origin), and some other specific biopolymers (like polylactic acid or polyvinyl alcohol) have been used as single component or in blends to obtain antimicrobial packaging materials. Where the package's antimicrobial and antioxidant activities need a larger spectrum or a boost, certain active substances are embedded, encapsulated, coated, grafted into or onto the polymeric film. This review tries to cover the latest updates on the antimicrobial packaging, edible or not, using as support traditional and new polymers, with emphasis on natural compounds.
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    Manufacturing nanostructured chitosan-based 2D sheets with prolonged antimicrobial activity
    (Editura Acad Romane, 2018) Ficai, Denisa; Ardelean, Ioana Lavinia; Holban, Alina Maria; Ditu, Lia Mara; Gudovan, Dragos; Sonmez, Maria; Trusca, Roxana
    The purpose of this study was to synthesize, characterize and test the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of chitosan-based hydrogels containing metal (silver - Ag) and oxide (zinc oxide - ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) but also natural compounds such as usnic acid (UA). The two-dimensional (2D) sheets were obtained by electrospinning technique, with the aim to produce multifunctional wound dressing with regenerative and even anti-infective roles. The most important advantages of the electrospinning technique are related to the possibility of obtaining fibers with controlled morphology, usually having high specific surface and water and air penetration and the possibility of functionalizing these fibers and nets depending on the desired application. These advantages make it possible to use electrospinning for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, controlled release, implantology, wound healing, and more. The obtained composite materials were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tested against common pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative staining), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive staining) and Candida albicans (fungus).
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    Multifunctional Materials for Cancer Therapy: From Antitumoral Agents to Innovative Administration
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2016) Yipel, Mustafa; Ghica, Mihaela V.; Kaya, Madalina G. Albu; Spoiala, Angela; Radulescu, Marius; Ficai, Denisa; Ficai, Anton
    By the developmentof new antineoplastic drugs addressed tospecific sites (key to tumor growth), targeted agents, which do not interfere with most normal cells have many advantages like fewer side effects (as personalized treatment), and prolonged survival time of cancer patients compared to conventional therapy. As current approaches in cancer therapy, drug delivery systems based on polymers (synthetic, natural or combinations like micelles, nanospheres, nanocapsules, nanogels, polymer-drug conjugates, polymer-drug polyplex, polymersomes) are more benefic compared to parent free drug, because of targeted effect of delivery, low toxicity, solubility in biological fluids and immunostimulatory effects. Synthetic polymers (polyesters, polyamides and polyethers) are the most used core materials for drug delivery systems, many of them being officially certified. On the other hand due to their better biocompatibility and biodegradability, the natural ones (polysaccharides and proteins) are still a hot topic on cancer therapy as drug delivery and targeting materials. This article reviews the multifunctional materials used in targeting of drugs with polymer based delivery systems as current-day data and key of future applications on cancer therapy. An increasing interest in the last decades returns to the new, engineered inorganic materials as well as to the newly optimized composites and nanocomposites.