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    Apigenin alleviates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Yarim, Gul Fatma; Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Murat; Sozmen, Mahmut; Genc, Bugra; Ertekin, Ali; Gokceoglu, Ayris
    Purpose of the study The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of apigenin on inflammatory response in brain tissue in Parkinson's mouse model. Materials and methods Parkinson's disease model was induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Sixty 8-10-weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups control, Parkinson, prophylaxis, and treatment. Control (0.9% NaCl 0.5 ml, 10 days, i.p.), Parkinson (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), prophylaxis (50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days + 25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), and treatment (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days + 50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days). The expressions and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were determined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. Results Apigenin administration attenuated MPTP-induced histopathological changes in brain tissue. Furthermore, apigenin reversed the changes in expressions and concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta. Conclusion This study suggests that apigenin could be used as a neuroprotective option to attenuate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
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    Epidermal growth factor concentration in milk of healthy water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
    (Urmia Univ, 2022) Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Gokceoglu, Ayris; Delmecioglu, Mehmet Kemal; Yarim, Murat
    Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has biological roles, including embryonic organ development, breast morphogenesis, breast cell proliferation, and mammary development. This study aimed to measure EGF concentration and evaluate its relationship with somatic cell count (SCC) in healthy water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) milk. The study material was constituted of 120 milk samples obtained from 30 healthy water buffaloes between the ages of 3 -6 years, negative for California mastitis test and SCC less than 3.00 x 105 cells mL-1 milk. In milk serum samples, the EGF concentration was measured using a bovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Epidermal growth factor concentration in the buffalo milk was ranged from 4.30 to 9.80 ng mL-1, with a mean of 8.30 & PLUSMN; 1.50 ng mL-1. Positive correlation between milk SCC values and EGF concentrations was recorded in water buffaloes. Further research is required to evaluate the content of milk EGF in different species of animals because of the EGF effective role in mammary gland and intestinal mucosa.(C) 2022 Urmia University. All rights reserved.