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    Investigating the Levels of Brain-Specific Proteins in Hydrocephalus Patients
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2021) Guzelcicek, Ahmet; Gonel, Ataman; Koyuncu, Ismail; Cigdem, Gulyara; Kose, Dogan; Karadag, Mehmet; Cadirci, Dursun
    Background: Hydrocephalus, a common brain disorder in children, can cause permanent brain damage. A timely diagnosis of this disorder is crucial. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of S-100, CK-18, and NSE brain-specific proteins in patients with hydrocephalus. We examined the levels of these proteins in the blood samples of hydrocephalic patients. Methods: The study was conducted on the hydrocephalus (n = 31) patients and a healthy control group (n = 30). A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the validity of the NSE, CK-18, and S100B to differentiate between the hydrocephalus and the control groups. The suitability of the data to the normal distribution was tested with the Shapiro Wilk test, and the Student t-test was used to compare the characteristics of the normal distribution in two independent groups. The individuals in the hydrocephalus and control groups had similar values in terms of age, height, and weight. Results: It was observed that NSE, CK-18, and S100B mean values of the individuals in the hydrocephalus group were significantly higher than NSE, CK-18, and S100B mean values of the control group. Conclusion: Experiments have shown that the levels of these proteins increase significantly in hydrocephalus patients compared to the healthy group. These three parameters can be considered as important markers in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus.
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    The Role of Interferences in the Increasing Incidence of Vitamin D Deficiency
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2020) Gonel, Ataman; Kirhan, Idris; Koyuncu, Ismail; Bayraktar, Nihayet; Karadag, Mujgan Ercan; Karadag, Mehmet
    Objective: Lipemia is one of the causes of interference in immunoassay and LC-MS/MS methods. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the US, where obesity is gradually increasing, raises the suspicion that high levels of fat diet and blood lipid levels interfere with vitamin D measurement results. The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of blood lipid profiles on vitamin D results and prevent the matrix effect. Material and Methods: In this study, 25OH vitamin D3 (25OHD3) levels of 100 samples consecutively accepted to biochemistry laboratory regardless of age and sex were measured by the LC-MS/MS method, and each sample was restudied after 1/10 dilution. After dilution restudy, two groups were obtained-group 1 (results deviating below 20%) and group 2 (results deviating above 20%)-and the difference between the groups was investigated. There were 79 patients in group 1 and 21 patients in group 2. In our study, lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL) from the same samples of consecutive vitamin D patients were studied. Results: It was observed that the triglyceride, total cholesterol HDL, LDL, and 25OHD3 measurements of group 1 and group 2 were similar (p > 0.05). While the mean vitamin D value in the second group was 9.94 +/- 7.85, the mean vitamin D value after dilution was measured as 39.23 +/- 18.13 and was statistically significant. 25OHD3 concentrations of 21 patients out of 100 were found to be falsely low. Measurements were repeated to confirm the results. Conclusion: The matrix effect caused by exogenous and endogenous interferences in the blood could be a hidden factor increasing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency by causing falsely low 25OHD3 values. Suspicious results should be remeasured by a dilution study.