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Öğe Changes in gross chemical compositions of ewe and goat colostrum during ten days postpartum(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Keskin, Mahmut; Guler, Zehra; Gul, Sabri; Bicer, OsmanThis study was carried out to determine the exact 'Colostrum producing period' in Awassi ewes and Shami (Damascus) goats in Hatay province of Turkiye based on changes in gross composition of milk during 10 days postpartum. Goats produced high crude protein and fat milk for 3-5 days postpartum. Whereas, in ewes it was 3 days. Ewe's colostrum was richer in respect to total solids (TS), crude protein (CP), fat, lactose and ash as compared to goat's colostrum. It is recommended that first three days milk (colostrum) must be fed to kids / lambs for maximum benefits.Öğe Comparison of Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Awassi Sheep Grown in Gaziantep and Kilis Provinces(Univ Namik Kemal, 2021) Gul, Sabri; Oflaz, Nida ZeynepIn this study, some morphological and physiological characteristics of Awassi sheep were investigated in Gaziantep and Kilis provinces. For this purpose, it was made measurements and detections in 100 heads of Awassi and their lambs in both cities between 2-5 aged. In ewes, fertility characteristics, live weight, some body measurements and lactation parameters were determined. Birth and weaning weight (60th day) and body measurements in these periods were determined in lambs. Animal material was fed with pasture throughout the day and additional feeding, and lambs were fed with milk and additional feeding. Statistical analysis of the study was evaluated with SPSS software. As a result of the research, it was found that Awassi sheep has white body with coarse-mixed fleece, brown-headed, rams with homed, ewes without homed. It has been determined that males and females with fat tailed, the nipples can be downwards in the form of a funnel as well as from the edges of the mammary gland. The fertility rate was calculated as 98 % in Gaziantep, and 99 % in Kilis province, litter size found as 0.98 in Gaziantep, 0.99 in Kilis province, survival rate on weaning (60th day) was calculated as % 96.93 and % 95.45 respectively at the same province ranking. The birth and weaning weights (60th ) were determined as 4.04 +/- 0.31 kg and 3.78 +/- 0.30 kg, 21.6 +/- 0.34 kg and 20.3 +/- 0.30 kg, respectively, according to province order. The lactation period was found as 188.3 +/- 2.14 days in Gaziantep, 182.4 +/- 2.85 days in Kilis province, and average marketable milk yield found as 134.4 +/- 5.30 kg and 117.4 +/- 3.11 kg respectively, according to province order again. As a result, there is variation between provinces in terms of yield characteristics. It will be appropriate to make transfers between the provinces for breeding and breeding purposes find order to the improvement of low-yielding sheep on the basis of provinces in which.Öğe Effects of age and body region on wool characteristics of Merino sheep crossbreds in Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Behrem, Sedat; Gul, SabriAim of this study was to comparatively investigate the wool characteristics of Central Anatolian Merino, Karacabey Merino and Ramlic sheep, which are common crossbred sheep breeds in Turkey. A total of 360 wool samples were equally collected from the shoulder, rib, and rump of each lamb (3-6 months-age), yearlings (1-1.5-year age), primiparous ewes (2-2.5-year age) and multiparous ewes (3-3.5-year age) were used for analysis. Each sample was analyzed to determine fibre diameter, length, clean fleece yield, elasticity, and strength. Also, live weight after shearing and greasy fleece weights were recorded for each animal. Statistical analysis of this study was performed using SPSS software. Normality hypothesis tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Homogeneity of the variance for each trait was tested with the Levene's test. Descriptive statistics of the traits were given as mean +/- standard error. Observed means for greasy fleece weight were 3.6 +/- 0.09 kg, 2.5 +/- 0.09 kg, and 2.2 +/- 0.08 kg for Karacabey Merino, Central Anatolian Merino and Ramlic sheep, respectively. Average diameter, length, clean fleece yield, elasticity, and strength measurements of Karacabey Merino were 23.9 +/- 0.11 mu, 59.2 +/- 0.64 mm, 56.2 +/- 0.35%, 20.2 +/- 0.23 cN / tex, and 12.6 +/- 0.09 cN / tex, whereas 24.7 +/- 0.12 mu, 50.6 +/- 0.71 mm, 55.2 +/- 0.60%, 21.6 +/- 0.23 cN / tex, 13.8 +/- 0.14 cN / tex in Central Anatolian Merino and 24.1 +/- 0.12 mu, 53.2 +/- 1.05 mm, 62.9 +/- 0.53%, 22.3 +/- 0.26 cN / tex, 13.4 +/- 0.12 cN / tex were observed in Ramlic sheep, respectively. This study suggests that observed wool characteristics for each of three crossbreds were within the standard range of the textile industry. Therefore, all three crossbreds were suggested to be considered for the development of new agricultural policies and increasing breeder's awareness to reintroduce these crossbreds in the textile industry.Öğe Effects of Age, Body Region and Mineral Contents on the Fleece Characteristics of Central Anatolian Merino Sheep(E.U. Printing And Publishing House, 2022) Behrem, Sedat; Keskin, Mahmut; Gul, Sabri; Unay, Engin; Erisek, AbdulkadirThe fibre characteristics of fleece determine its fate through the textile industry. Parameters such as diameter, length, elasticity and strength define the functional quality of fleece. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate effects of different environmental factors as well as wool mineral contents on fleece fibre quality traits in Central Anatolian Merino sheep (CAM). Additionally, the mineral contents of CAM fleece were investigated. For this purpose, 300 samples were equally collected from 3 different body regions (shoulder, rib and rump) of 100 animals from five different age groups. Samples were analysed for fibre quality (diameter, length, elasticity and strength) traits and mineral contents (calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, copper, manganese and zinc). A wide range of statistical relationships were found among the focused traits and those factors. The findings of this study highlight the importance of minerals as well as environmental factors on fleece qualityparameters.Öğe Effects of breed and lactation period on some characteristics and free fatty acid composition of raw milk from Damascus goats and German fawn x Hair goat B1 crossbreds(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Gueler, Zehra; Keskin, Mahmut; Masatcioglu, Tugrul; Gul, Sabri; Bicer, OsmanThe effects of breed and period of lactation on milk composition were investigated. For this purpose, 8 crossbred (3/4 German fawn 1/4 Hair goat) and 10 Damascus goats were kept under identical management conditions. Lactation period affected milk yield and milk composition in both goat breeds. Milk yield, lactation duration, and mean solid and fat values showed differences between the breeds. The mean values of total solid and fat of milk during lactation were 13.82 +/- 0.294% and 4.55 +/- 0.223% for the crossbreds, and 12.90 +/- 0.179% and 4.02 +/- 0.142% for Damascus goats, respectively. Although the percentages of short-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) (C-4 to C-8) in the milk of both breeds did not change during lactation, the other FFAs (C-10-C-18:3) significantly varied (P <= 0.05, P <= 0.01). The results showed that hexadecanoic (C-16), 9-octadecenoic (C-18:1), octadecanoic (C-18.), tetradecanoic (C-14)()), decanoic (C-10), and decanoic (C-12) FFAs were the most predominant FFAs in the milk of both breeds from March through September, but octadecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid shifted during the last 2 months of lactation.Öğe Effects of supplemental feeding on performance of Kilis goats kept on pasture condition(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Gul, Sabri; Keskin, Mahmut; Gocmez, Zeynel; Gunduz, ZuhalIn this study, the effects of supplemental feeding to extensive pasture condition on some reproductive and milk yield characteristics in Kilis goats have been investigated. For this study, 180 Kilis goats were used. These goats were assigned into two groups as control and treatment. Control goats were allowed to graze pasture, while treatment goats were additionally fed 750 g/day with concentrated feed per head plus pasture facility. At the end of the study the average fertility rate, marketable milk yield, lactation length and lactation milk yield were determined as 115.56%, 215.5 +/- 5.28 I, 212.5 +/- 1.09 days 293.7 +/- 5.76 I, respectively, in the control goats; 131.1%, 304.1 +/- 6.48 I, 256.5 +/- 1.79 days, 408.3 +/- 7.21 I, respectively, in the treatment goats. To conclude, supplementary feeding plus pasture improved reproductive and milk yield performance in Kilis goats.Öğe The genetic structure of the goat breeds belonging to Northwest part of Fertile Crescent(Elsevier, 2020) Gul, Sabri; Yilmaz, Onur; Gunduz, Zuhal; Keskin, Mahmut; Cemal, Ibrahim; Ata, Nezih; Onel, Suleyman ErcumentThe present study was performed to reveal genetic diversity and population structure of four native Turkish goat breeds (Hatay, Kilis, Shami and Hair), raised in Hatay and Kilis provinces located in northwest part of Fertile Crescent, using twenty-two microsatellite markers. Animal material for the study was consisted of 246 goats from Hair (60), Shami (62), Kilis (64) and Hatay (60) breeds. A total of 458 alleles were detected from twenty two markers studied. Results obtained for the mean number of alleles (20.82), expected heterozygosity (0.89) and polymorphic information content (0.88) indicated that the total analyzed population is characterized by noticeable genetic variability. The value obtained for the global coefficient of gene differentiation showed that the majority of the total genetic variation is due to individual differences (97.50%). Clustering analysis divided native goat breeds raised in Fertile Crescent into two clusters. The first cluster was consisted by Kilis and Hatay goat breeds, the second cluster was formed by Shami and Hair goat breeds. Results indicated that Kilis goat and Hatay goats are genetically closer than the other studied breeds. The results obtained from the present study will be helpful for constructing suitable selection program for indigenous goat breeds studied. On the other hand, obtained information on genetic relationships between other goat breeds raised in the region and Hatay goat is very valuable to be registered as a national breed.Öğe Heritability and environmental influence on pre-weaning traits in Kilis goats(Springer, 2023) Gul, Sabri; Arzik, Yunus; Kizilaslan, Mehmet; Behrem, Sedat; Keskin, MahmutBirth and weaning weights, average daily weight gain, and Kleiber ratio are important indicator traits in selection decision. The phenotypic expression of these traits is determined by the genetic background, environmental effects, and their interactions. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters regarding birth (BW) and weaning weights (WW) and average daily weight gain (ADWG), Kleiber ratio (KR), and obtain the effects of sex, birth type, herd, and year. The data consisted of 2274 Kilis goats with pedigree information obtained from 53 bucks and 774 does in 4 generations. The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure was conducted with an animal linear mixed model. Sex, birth type, herd, and year were found to be statistically significant (p value < 0.001) for all traits. Moderate direct heritabilities (h(a)(2)) for BW, WW, ADW, and KR were found to be as 0.18 +/- 0.03, 0.50 +/- 0.04, 0.47 +/- 0.04, and 0.37 +/- 0.05, respectively. The proportion of maternal permanent environmental effect (c(2)) to the total phenotypic variance (sigma(2)(p)) was estimated as 0.00 +/- 0.00, 0.12 +/- 0.02, 0.11 +/- 0.02, and 0.18 +/- 0.03 for BW, WW, ADWG, and KR, respectively. The genetic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations between the pre-weaning growth traits were found to be ranging from - 0.02 to 0.99. Thus, our study suggests moderate heritabilities and positive and relatively high genetic correlations among the observed pre-weaning growth traits. These results have implications in terms of providing rapid genetic progress for these traits in breeding programs of Kilis goats.Öğe Investigation of Some Physical and Morphological Characteristics of Wool of Malya Sheep(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Gul, Sabri; Dikme, MustafaThe goal of this research was to investigate the wool properties of Malya sheep raised in Central Anatolia of Turkiye. In the investigation, a total of 90 head wool samples were collected, including 30 heads from the same herd's adults (2.5 years and older), yearlings (1-1,5 years), and lambs (4-6 months). Fleece samples were collected from the shoulder, rib and rump areas of animals of all age groups. In these examples, the properties of length, fineness, elasticity and tenacity were determined. At the end of the study, the average greasy fleece weight was 2.2 +/- 0.09 kg, the diameter was 25.7 +/- 0.35 mu in lambs, 25.3 +/- 0.27 mu in yearling, 26.7 +/- 0.26 mu in adults; the average fleece length was 38.8 +/- 1.05 mm in lambs, 70.1 +/- 1.46 mm in yearlings, 62.3 +/- 1.29 mm in adults. As a result, it was determined that the fleece of Malya sheep almost had the desired quality and characteristics in the textile industry. Therefore, scientific studies should be conducted to improve the properties of fleece. It would be appropriate to take permanent steps in cooperation with Public Institutions and Civil Society Organizations to produce, collect and process wool.Öğe Investigation on the Hair Characteristics of Damascus and Kilis Goats(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Behrem, Sedat; Keskin, Mahmut; Gul, Sabri; Unay, Engin; Satilmis, Muharrem; Unal, Murat; Sacli, YurdakulThis study aimed to investigate the coarse outer guard hair and the fine down hair (cashmere) characteristics of Kilis and Damascus goats and to evaluate their potential for industrial use. Yearling goats, goats at first birth, second birth, and third birth were used as animal materials from Gaziantep. From the shoulder, rump, and rib areas of each goat, 20-25 g of the guard hair and the fine down hair (cashmere) samples were collected. These samples were examined in terms of diameter, length, tenacity, and elasticity at the Fleece and Mohair Laboratory of the International Livestock Research and Training Center. In the study, the average fiber diameter values were determined as 15.0 +/- 0.08 and 15.1 +/- 0.07 microns, and the fiber length values were 23.4 +/- 0.38 and 22.4 +/- 0.34 mm for Kilis and Damascus goats, respectively. In the light of these results, it can be said that the cashmere fiber diameter for both breeds is suitable for the textile industry. On the other hand, the fiber length is not long enough for the textile industry but can be evaluated by hand weaving method.Öğe Olive cake usage as an alternative to cotton seed meal in dairy goat feeding(Academic Journals, 2010) Gul, Sabri; Keskin, Mahmut; Kaya, SerafettinThis study was carried out on 23 heads of Damascus (Shami) goats to investigate the utilization of olive cake in (OC) dairy goat feeding as an alternative to cotton seed meal (CSM) at Research Farm of Mustafa Kemal University. Animals, having similar live weight and homogenity for milk yield according to the first lactation (202.2 +/- 10.30 kg per lactation), were assigned into three groups. Goats in each group were fed with 1 kg of concentrate in different composition in addition to pasture per day. Each concentrate of the groups had got same ingredients in similar amount except for olive cake and cotton seed meal. At the end of the study it was determined that the replacement of olive cake to cotton seed meal decreased fat (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.01) percentage of milk without affecting milk yield (P>0.05). In conclusion, we can suggest that lactating Damascus goats could be fed with 10% OC and 10% CSM diets without any negative effects on milk composition and yield. Also usage of olive cake was recommended in goat diets because of its cost.Öğe Reproductive characteristics of Awassi ewes under Cornell alternate month accelerated lambing system(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Gul, Sabri; Keskin, MahmutWe investigated the reproductive responses of Awassi ewes under Cornell alternate month accelerated lambing (CAMAL) system. Ewes were randomly allocated to two experimental groups. The first group (control group) consisted of 20 ewes exposed to rams in September under conventional management system, while the second group (CAMAL) was divided into four sub-flocks containing each 20 ewes exposed to rams to obtain three lambing in two years with different breeding and lambing months. In CAMAL ewes, oestrus was synchronized using intra-vaginal sponges with progesterone and Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) administration. The results obtained revealed that within CAMAL group, the percentage of animals in heat, onset of oestrus, litter size, birth weight and weaning weight were affected by mating months. September and November were the most appropriate months for oestrus ratio (97.5%) and litter size (1.18 and 0.98, respectively). Lambs of control group were heavier at birth and weaning than those of CAMAL group. On the other hand lamb yield was not affected statistically by the CAMAL administration.Öğe Some cashmere characteristics of German Fawn x hair goat (B1) crossbreds and Shami (Damascus) goats of the eastern Mediterranean region(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Keskin, Mahmut; Bicer, Osman; Gul, SabriThis study was carried out with Damascus (Shami) goats and German Fawn x Hair goat (B,) crossbreds at Mustafa Kemal University. Animals were housed in semi-open sheds under semi-intensive conditions. Both groups were fed 600 g/head per day of concentrate and grazed in a pasture during lactation. Moulted cashmere was harvested by combing in February, March, and April, 2005. at 14-day intervals. The dimensions of cashmere fibres were determined by measuring 25 cashmere fibres from each goat using a Visopan microscope; fibre length was measured with a ruler. Mean diameter and length of cashmere for Shami and the crossbreds was calculated as 13.5 +/- 0.1 pm and 18.3 +/- 0.2 cm, and 12.6 0.1 pm and 18.5 +/- 0.2 cm, respectively. Results also revealed that both diameter and length of cashmere showed considerable variation for both genotypes across the moulting days during the season.
