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    Behavioral and Cognitive Consequences of Obesity in Parents and Offspring in Female and Male Rats: Implications of Neuroinflammation and Neuromodulation
    (Springer, 2022) Demir, Enver Ahmet; Gulbol-Duran, Gulay; Urhan-Kucuk, Meral; Dogan, Hatice; Tutuk, Okan; Cimen, Funda; Bayirli, Mucella
    Obesity is a rapidly growing public health concern that can create a family-wise burden. This study was aimed to investigate behavioral, cognitive, neuroinflammatory, and neuromodulatory consequences of the diet and parental obesity. Female and male Wistar albino rats were fed on either an obesogenic or standard diet for 12 weeks, beginning with weaning. Thereafter, the animals were matched and allowed to mate. Pups born to obese or normal parents received either the diet or standard chow to the same age. The obesogenic diet and/or parental obesity increased the locomotor activity in both females and males. The diet exhibited anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like properties, and impaired short-term object memory as well as spatial memory. Interestingly, the obesogenic diet resulted in neuroinflammation only in naive animals, but not in the ones with parental obesity. BDNF, SIRT1, and p53 expressions were decreased, whereas RelN expression was increased in the brain with the diet, regardless of parental obesity. Multi-factor analyses demonstrated that the obesogenic diet is the prominent influencer of cognitive, neuroinflammatory, and neuromodulatory results while parental obesity has an effect on spatial memory, neuroinflammation, and hippocampal RelN and p53 expressions. Here, we provided supporting evidence for detrimental cognitive and neuroinflammatory consequences of early life consumption of the obesogenic diet which accompanies alterations in neuromodulatory factors. Surprisingly, the diet was found beneficial against anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, and additionally, parental obesity was demonstrated to impair some aspects of cognitive performance which appears unrelated to neuroinflammation.
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    Myrtus communis L. essential oil reduced colony formation and altered cell differentiation markers in lung cancer spheroids
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Terzi, Menderes Yusuf; Gulbol-Duran, Gulay
    It was aimed to investigate the effect of Myrtus communis L. (MC) essential oil on cancer spheroids derived from A549 cells by analyzing cell viability and expression levels of prominent cancer stem cell and apoptosis markers. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide assay was per-formed to analyze cytotoxicity of MC essential oil for 24-h and 72-h. A549 cells were cultured in plates with low adherence to obtain spheroids. The effect of MC essential oil was assessed on the clonogenicity of the spheroids. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction method was utilized to measure relative expressions of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), prominin-1 (PROM1), POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member-2 (ABCG2), and caspase-3 (CASP3). Relative protein levels of ABCG2 and CASP3 were also evaluated with Western blot analysis. MC essential oil reduced cell viability of A549 cells after 24-h and 72-h. A reduction was observed in number of cancer spheroids after MC essential oil treatment for 7 days. After 24h of MC essential oil treatment, PROM1, POU5F1, ABCG2, and CASP3 gene expressions decreased while returned to basal levels after 72h. CD44 levels did not change upon MC essential oil treatment. ABCG2 protein level reduced after 24-h MC essential oil treatment and returned to its basal level after 72-h. CASP3 protein levels did not change at either time points. MC essential oil exerted its anti-tumorigenic effects onto lung cancer spheroids derived from A549 cells by reducing cell viability of cancer cells, inhibiting spheroid formation efficiency, and downregulating several cancer stem cell markers.