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    Evaluation of bone change in smokers and ex-smokers using fractal analysis and lacunarity analysis
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Belgin, Ceren Aktuna; Serindere, Gozde; Hammudioglu, Zarif Ece
    Objective: It is known that smoking causes many diseases such as oral and nasopharyngeal cancers, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. With fractal analysis (FA), changes in trabecular bone can be detected. The cavities in the bone can also be evaluated with the lacunarity analysis (LA). In the light of this information, the aim of this study is to investigate how the duration of smoking and the duration of smoking cessation affect bone change in the mandible using FA and LA. Methods: Panoramic radiographs (PR) of 140 patients were grouped according to the duration of smoking and the duration of smoking cessation. The changes in the mandibular bone were evaluated with both FA and LA, and the results were compared with the control group who never smoked. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann -Whitney U test and Spearman correlation analysis was used in the analysis. Results: The smokers ' FA value was significantly lower than the control group and the ex -smokers group. The smokers ' LA value was significantly higher than the control and ex -smokers ' group. The ex -smokers ' FA value was significantly lower than the control group. Both FA and LA values did not differ significantly between the genders. No significant correlation was observed between both FA and LA values and age. Conclusions: FA values were lower and LA values were higher in smokers. It is thought that in smokers, the trabeculation in the bone decreases and accordingly the intraosseous spaces increase, and the duration of smoking and quitting also affects the internal structure of the bone. PR can be used to evaluate bone structure with FA and LA analysis.
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    Evaluation of canalis sinuosus and accessory canal morphology by cone-beam computed tomography
    (Springer, 2024) Belgin, Ceren Aktuna; Serindere, Gozde; Hammudioglu, Zarif Ece; Kucuk, Merve
    ObjectiveTo evaluate canalis sinuosus (CS) and accessory canalis sinuosus (AC) morphology and their relationship with the impacted canine on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.MethodsThe diameter and location of the CS, its distance from the nasal cavity (NC-CS), its distance from the buccal cortical plate (BC-CS), and its distance from the alveolar ridge crest (AR-CS) were evaluated on 1000 CBCT scans. The prevalence and termination of AC and the presence of impacted canines were also evaluated.ResultsCS was detected in 89 (8.9%) of 1000 CBCTs. The mean CS diameter was found as 1.34 +/- 0.53 mm. No statistically significant difference was found between gender, age, direction, and CS presence and diameter. CS was most frequently seen in regions 11 (23.6%) and 13 (23.6%). The average NC-CS, BC-CS, and AR-CS length was 6.14, 6.06 and 4.35 mm, respectively. AC was detected in 22 patients (24.71%). There was no statistically significant difference between the presence of AC and gender, age, CS diameter, NC-CS, BC-CS, and AR-CS distance. BC-CS length and AR-CS length were statistically significantly higher in patients with impacted canines.ConclusionsIt should be kept in mind that the CS diameter, NC-CS, BC-CS, and AR-CS distance may increase in the presence of an impacted canine and the integrity of the neurovascular structure should be preserved. The fact that the CS is often localized in the palatial region requires a detailed evaluation of the anterior maxillary region with three-dimensional imaging methods.