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    Periodontal conditions and association of periodontitis with oral-health-related quality of life in patients experiencing different episodes of bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls
    (Wiley, 2024) Sari, Aysegul; Kokacya, M. Hanifi; Ide, Mark
    Aim: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate periodontal conditions and the association of periodontitis with oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with a history of bipolar disorder.Materials and Methods: A total of 160 participants were recruited in four groups for the study: 40 patients with euthymic episodes, 40 patients with depression, 40 patients with manic episodes and 40 systemically healthy individuals. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure the impact of oral health on the quality of life.Results: Bipolar disorder groups exhibited generally higher clinical parameters compared with the control group (p < .05). OHIP-14 total score (beta = 3.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-6.56, p = .044), functional limitation (beta = .89, 95% CI: 0.27-1.49, p = .005) and physical pain (beta = .64, 95% CI: 0.01-1.27, p = .046) were associated with bipolar depression episodes. Psychological discomfort was associated with the presence of generalized periodontitis (beta = .76, 95% CI: 0.01-1.51, p = .047) and psychological disability was associated with the presence of stage III-IV (beta = .83, 95% CI: 0.07-1.59, p = .033) and generalized (beta = .75, 95% CI: 0.07-1.42, p = .029) periodontitis.Conclusions: According to this study, a history of bipolar disorder episodes (exposure) may be associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis and related reported OHRQoL impacts (outcomes). Bipolar depression episodes had a higher impact on OHRQoL than other bipolar episodes.