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Öğe Determination of Intraocular Pressure in Clinically Healthy Turkish Eastern Anatolian Red Cattle of Different Age Groups Using Rebound Tonometry(Israel Veterinary Medical Assoc, 2021) Yakan, S.; Isler, C. T.; Denk, H.This study aims to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) of healthy Turkish Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) cattle eyes using the iCare (R) Rebound Tonometer (RT). In addition, we aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in the IOP values depending for the left or right eyes, time of day, gender, and age of animals. The research was carried out on 42 EAR cattle. The cattle were divided into 3 groups, group I (7 male, 7 female, n=14), group II (7 male, 7 female, n=14), and group III (7 male, 7 female, n=14) 6, 12, 24 months old, respectively. Measurements were performed, in the morning (6:00 a.m.), in the noon, and the evening (6:00 p.m.). The average IOP values for groups I, II and III was 24.51 +/- 0.91 mm Hg (P=0.520), 24.23 +/- 0.87 mm Hg (P=0.621) and 23.98 +/- 0.82 mmHg (P=0.772). According to the findings of this research for the values, the IOP of EAR cattle using the RT no statistically significant differences between right and left eyes, time of day, gender, and age were found for any of the results (P>0.05). In this study, the IOP reference value for EAR cattle was determined as 24.24 +/- 0.54 mm Hg using RT, regardless of any variable. In addition, this study is the first research article in which the intraocular pressure in Turkish Eastern Anatolian Red cattle was measured by the iCare (R) Rebound Tonometer.Öğe Effects of diazepam, ketamine HCl and sevoflurane anesthesia on vital and recovery values of nine long legged buzzards (Buteo rufinus) upon wing amputation(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2018) Isler, C. T.; Altug, M. E.; Yurtal, Z.; Deveci, M. Z. Y.In this clinical study, effects of diazepam + ketamine HCl + sevoflurane anesthesia on vital functions and recovery duration and qualityofnine long legged buzzards were evaluated upon wing amputation. Operation was decided for long legged buzzards and heartand breathingrate, body temperature, and reflexes of long legged buzzards were evaluated before, during and after the anesthesia. Diazepam and ketamine HCl injection increased the heart rate whereas it was decreased by sevoflurane. Respiratory rate decreased upon sevoflurane application. Body temperature decreased during anesthesia. Recovery began in the 3rd minute after cessation of sevoflurane administration with return of eye reflexes and completedin the 35th minute. It was observed that although birdsrecovered from anesthesia, danger of hypothermia persisted for a long time. There was a significant difference between the respiratory and heart rates during the ketamine HCl and sevofluraneanesthesia from those in the preoperative period. However, there was no statistically significant difference between pre and post operative periods in terms of vital parameters. For the first time, effects of diazepam + ketamine HCl + sevoflurane anesthesia combination on vital parameters are evaluated in long legged buzzards in Turkey.Öğe Evaluation of Tear fluid secretion and Intraocular Pressure in normal Merinos Sheep and Saanen Goats(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2013) Isler, C. T.; Altug, M. E.; Kilic, S.This study aimed at determining the effects of the species, sex and age on normal tear secretion and intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal Merinos sheep and Saanen goats, and assess the effect of topically applied atropine on tear secretions in these species. The study used a total of 80 healthy Merinos sheep, Saanen goats, Merinos lambs and Saanen kids of 20 in each. The sheep and goat aged between 1-2.5 years and the lambs and kits between 15-20 days. The lambs and kits consisted of females and males of equal numbers. Tear secretion and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured with Schirmer Tear Test (STT) and Schiotz Tonometry, respectively. All measurements were performed prior to and five minutes after the instillation of two-four eye drops of atropine sulfate between 6 and 10 p. m for three consecutive days. The present results demonstrated that with regard to tear secretion and IOP the differences between sheep and lambs, and that between goats and kids were statistically significant (p < 0.001) whereas the differences between the sheep and goats was non-significant (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the values of tear secretion and IOP in the lambs and kids were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those of sheep and goats. It was determined that sex variation did not significantly influence the IOP and STT values (p > 0.05) but topical atropine administration significantly reduced tear volume (p < 0.001) in all cases.Öğe Evaluation of the eye diseases seen in Loggerhead Sea turtle (Caretta caretta)(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2014) Isler, C. T.; Altug, M.; Cantekin, Z.; Ozsoy, S. Y.; Yurtal, Z.; Deveci, M. Z. Y.Fifteen Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) admitted to the First Aid, Treatment and Rescue Application and Research Centre between 2011 and 2012 underwent systematic ophthalmological examination. They have got injury of traumaticum in its cranium. Of these animals, six presented various ocular problems in a total of nine eyes: two catarrhal conjunctivitis, two purulent conjunctivitis, three keratitis, two blepharitis and two corneal lacerations. From macroscopic examination, these ocular problems were seen to have been associated with clinical signs such as chemosis, exophthalmos, blepharospasm, mucopurulent discharge, conjunctival hyperemia and diffuse corneal opacity. Histopathological examination also detected an infiltration of macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes, mainly mononuclear cells in corneal stroma. Aeromonas spp. was isolated in eye swabs of the purulent conjunctivitis cases. All cases successfully recovered following topical and parenteral antibiotic treatments combined with systemic vitamin A and balanced fluid-electrolyte administrations.
