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Öğe A comparison of diosgenin, phenolics, fatty acid profiles and mineral contents with free radical scavenging activity of trigonella L. Species from section cylindricae(2017) Uras Güngör, Şerife Selma; İlçim, Ahmet; Kökdil, GamzeIn this study, the fatty acids composition, the total flavonoids, phenolics, and mineral contents of Trigonella species belonging to Cylindricae Section (T. spruneriana, T. sibthorpii, T. kotschyi, T. mesopotamica, T. cylindricae, T. cilicica, T. filipes, T. velutina, T. strangulata and T. smyrnea) were determined. Diosgenin content in seeds and aerial parts of these species was investigated by RP-HPLC. Furthermore, the phytochemical profiles and radical scavenging activities of the plants were evaluated. The oils contained high proportions of ?linolenic (29.7-42.1 %) and linoleic acids (26.6-40.3 %). All the seed extracts had higher concentrations of total flavonoids and phenolics than those of aerial parts. T. strangulata and T. spruneriana seeds showed the highest total phenolics (201.35±0.51 and 191.90±0.86 mg GAE/g, respectively) and flavonoids contents (121.84±0.05 and 128.04±0.09 mg RE/g, respectively). For the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the extracts of four species of Trigonella showed moderate radical scavenging activity. The seeds contained high concentrations of potassium, calcium and phosphorus while the aerial parts were rich in calcium and potassium. Phytochemical screening tests showed that saponins, flavonoids, coumarins and fixed oils were main secondary metabolites. The highest diosgenin level was detected in T. cilicica seed and aerial part extracts (0.52±0.013 and 0.16±0.005 mg/g, respectively)Öğe Exomorphic seed characters and anatomy of leaf and stem of some Vincetoxicum (Asclepiadaceae/Apocynaceae) species from Turkey(University of Ankara, 2010) Ilçim, Ahmet; Güzel Özay, Sevda; Kökdil, GamzeExomorphic seed characters of five Vincetoxicum NM. Wolf, taxa were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that some characters fluctuated through different expressions in different taxa. These were shape of the seed, and sculpture of the seed coat. The latter characters were the seed coma, the concavity or convexity of the periclinal walls and the channeling of various depths of the anticlinal walls. Anatomical characters of stem and leaf of the plants were described. The studied taxa have general anatomical characteristics of the Asclepiadaceae.Öğe Fatty acid, tocopherol, mineral composition, total phenolic, flavonoid, thymoquinone content, and antioxidant activity of Nigella Sativa L.(University of Ankara, 2014) Uras, S. Selma; Silahtaro?lu, Sibel; Ilçim, Ahmet; Kökdil, GamzeThe fatty acid and tocopherol composition of fixed oil from seeds of Nigella sativa L. has been investigated by GC-MS and HPLC, respectively. Linoleic and oleic acids were the main fatty acids. The major tocopherols were ?- and ?-tocopherols. The total phenolic and flavonoid content and primary antioxidant activity of aqueous methanolic extracts of different parts of N.sativa were measured. Total phenolic content was assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the content of flavonoids was measured spectrophotometrically by using the AlCl3 assay. Primary antioxidant activity in terms of free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH assay. The present study showed that the seed extract contained significantly higher amount of total phenolic compounds than aerial part extract. The total flavonoid content ranged between 106.10±0.10 and 118.06±0.02 mg rutin equivalent per g extracts. The thymoquinone content in seeds were quantified by RP-HPLC analysis and the concentration ofthymoquinone was 268.3 ?g/mL. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, inhibition % of the extracts was found to be 95.09-90.71. The seeds also were analyzed by ICP-MS to determine mineral content. P, K, Ca and Mg were predominant elements among seventeen minerals in the seeds.Öğe Phytochemical composition and antifeedant activity of five Vincetoxicum taxa against Spodoptera littoralis and Leptinotarsa decemlineata(2017) Güzel, Sevda; Pavela, Roman; İlçim, Ahmet; Kökdil, GamzeFive Vincetoxicum taxa (V. canescens subsp. canescens, V. canescens subsp. pedunculata, V. fuscatum subsp. fuscatum, V. fuscatum subsp. boissieri and V. parviflorum) were investigated for insect antifeedant activity against Spodoptera littoralis and Leptinotarsa decemlineata. At a dose of 500 ?g/cm2, 12 extracts were 100 % feeding deterrent, while 6 extracts showed 86.399.3 % antifeedant activity. The effective doses (ED50) of the total ethanol extract from V. canescens subsp. pedunculata and of the methanol: dichloromethane (1:1) extract from V. parviflorum were 12, and 18 µg/cm2, respectively, against S. littoralis, and that of the total ethanol extract from V. fuscatum subsp. fuscatum was 25 µg/cm2 against L. decemlineata. The dichloromethane extracts of V. parviflorum and V. canescens subsp. pedunculata inhibited the growth of S. littoralis with ED50 values of 0.08 and 0.09 mg/g, respectively, and their LD50 values for larval mortality were 1.07 and 1.03 mg/g, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of cardiotonic glycosides, sugars, flavonoids and alkaloids in all investigated taxa. In the dichloromethane and methanol:dichloromethane (1:1) extracts, phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids were detected by LC/MS/MS.Öğe Studies on the anatomical, phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of endemic Rhododendron smirnovii Trautv.(University of Ankara, 2005) Tezgül Çakir, Nalan; Güvenç, Ayşegul; Kökdil, Gamze; Duran, Nizam; Arslan, GönülNo previous detailed botanical study exist on Rhododendron smirnovii Trauvt., which is endemic in Turkey. The aim of this study was to provide information on the anatomical properties of the leaf and stem of R.smirnovii. Anatomical studies include cross sections of the leaf and stem with illustrations. In addition, phytochemical screening methods were applied for identifing the major chemical groups in this species. The antibacterial activities of the leaf and stem extract of R.smirnovii were also investigated for three Gram (+) (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylocccus aureus and Staphylocccus epidermidis) and two Gram (-) (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria by employing both microdilution and disc diffusion method. Subsequently, inhibitory activity against yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis) was also determined. Anatomical features of the plant were described. Flavonoids, tannins and reducing sugars were detected in the leaf and stem of the plant. It was found that methanol extract of the leaf inhibited growth of the microorganisms at different level. The leaf extract posses more antibacterial activity than antifungal activity. The stem methanol extract of R.smirnovii did not show any antimicrobial activity against the bacteria and the fungi investigated in this study.Öğe Total phenolic and flavonoid content, mineral composition and antioxidant potential of trigonella monspeliaca(2014) Uras Güngör, Şerife Selma; Güzel, Sevda; İlçim, Ahmet; Kökdil, GamzeTrigonella monspeliaca tohumları ve topraküstü kısmı mineral bileşimi açısından ICP-MS ile incelendi. Tohumda başlıca mineraller K, P, Ca ve Mg olarak saptandı.Toprak üstü kısımda ana mineraller ise Ca, K ve P olarak belirlendi. Bitknin sulu metanollü ekstrelerinin total fenol ve flavonoit miktarı sırasıyla Folin-Ciocalteu ve AlCl3 yöntemleri ile ölçüldü. Ekstrelerin antioksidan etki potansiyeli DPPH yöntemi kullanılarak serbest radikal süpürücü aktivite yönünden değerlendirildi. Çalışma toprak üstü kısmnını yüksek miktarda flavonoit içerirken tohum ekstresinin total fenol miktarının (150.80±0.33 mg GAE/g) belirgin biçimde yüksek olduğnu gösterdi. DPPH radikal süpürücü testte ekstrelerin % inhibisyonunun 51.6 - 78.0 arasında olduğu belirlendi
