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    The effects of mechanical pruning on fruit yield and quality in 'Star Ruby' grapefruit
    (Wfl Publ, 2010) Yildirim, Bilge; Yesiloglu, Turgut; Incesu, Meral; Kamiloglu, Muege; Ozguven, Faruk; Tuzcu, Oender; Kacar, Yildiz Aka
    Increasing the high-quality yield of a cultivated fruit species is an important method for improving its ability to compete in world markets. A high fruit yield and an increase in the proportion of marketable fruit will aid in obtaining the market objectives for the species. To this end, pruning is a very important horticultural practice. Mechanical pruning has numerous advantages over classical pruning, such as enabling control over the tree size and providing mechanization in large and dense orchards that make hand pruning applications difficult and expensive. Mechanical pruning is used widely in developed countries for many horticultural crops including citrus. In Turkey, established citrus orchards generally have dense foliage and planting, making pest and disease management very difficult. It is necessary to improve orchard management and to introduce new technologies to production areas. Thus, the introduction of mechanical pruning into Turkish citrus orchards may have the potential to improve production. In this study, our aim was to determine the effects of mechanical pruning applications on the 'Star Ruby' grapefruit, the most commonly grown grapefruit variety in Turkey. Our pruning treatments included the following: 1) hedging, 2) topping and 3) hedging and topping. The study was carried out with thirteen-year-old Star Ruby grapefruit trees that were budded onto local sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock. The trees were planted using semi-dense spacing (8 m x 4 m) in orchards established in Adana between 2004 and 2006. The orchard was then mechanically pruned each year. Our results indicate that the highest yield was obtained from the topping-hedging treatment, while the lowest yield was obtained from the topping treatment. Mechanical pruning, especially the topping treatment, increased the fruit size as compared to the control. Taken together, our results demonstrate that mechanical pruning is a potential option for grapefruit planted in semi-dense orchards. The small decrease in yield due to the mechanical pruning may have been caused by the repeated application over three years.
  • Küçük Resim
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    In vitro screening of octoploid Fragaria chiloensis and ragaria virginiana genotypes against iron deficiency
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Torun, Ayfer Alkan; Kacar, Yildiz Aka; Bicen, Belgin; Erdem, Nazife; Serce, Sedat
    Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the common problems in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) growing regions. In vitro screening enables researchers to evaluate genotype performance under several concentrations of Fe in a relatively fast and economical way. Therefore, we evaluated the responses of several genotypes belonging to octoploid Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. and Fragaria virginiana Mill. (the progenitors of cultivated strawberry) against Fe treatments under in vitro conditions. In the first experiment, HM 1, Pigeon Point, CFRA1267 (F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica), and CA1541 (F. chiloensis subsp. chiloensis) were tested with various Fe concentrations (0%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 65%, 80%, and 100%, where 100% = 27.8 mg L-1 FeSO4.7H(2)O). Different Fe concentration treatments resulted in differences in plant height, fresh and dry weight, as well as macro- and microelement concentrations among the tested genotypes. In the second experiment, 16 octoploid Fragaria genotypes were tested with 4 Fe concentration treatments (0%, 10%, 50%, and 100%, where 100% = 27.8 mg L-1 FeSO4.7H(2)O). Iron concentration and genotype interactions were significant for all studied characteristics except sulfur (S) and manganese (Mn) concentrations, and the 16 genotypes responded differentially to varying Fe treatments. The results of these experiments indicated that F. chiloensis and F. virginiana genotypes exhibited considerable variation under different Fe treatments in vitro, and the more resistant genotypes could be utilized to develop new strawberry cultivars with tolerance to low Fe concentrations.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Molecular and pomological diversity among pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey
    (Academic Journals, 2008) Durgac, Coskun; Ozgen, Mustafa; Simsek, Ozhan; Kacar, Yildiz Aka; Kiyga, Yelda; Celebi, Semih; Gunduz, Kazim
    Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important fruit species for Turkey where many cultivars are being cultivated. In this study, we determined the fruit characteristics and RAPD band patterns of six local cultivars from Hatay, Turkey. Our results demonstrated that there is a great level of morphological variation. The principle component analysis of 18 quantitative fruit characteristics revealed that fruit weight, aril number/fruit, peel color and soluble solids/acidity ratio are important traits for discriminating the cultivars tested. The UPGMA cluster of fruit characteristics indicated that 'Katirbasi' and 'Kan nari' were similar to each other and they were separated from rest of the cultivars. Twenty-two RAPD primers generated total of 106 reproducible bands 22% of which were polymorphic. The UPGMA dendrogram of RAPD data showed that 'Tatli nar' and 'Serife' were very closely related while 'incekabuk' is distinct from the other cultivars. As a result, discrepancies were detected between morphological and molecular data. Therefore, we confirmed that diversity among the fruit characteristics were not good indication of genetic relatedness while molecular tools are valuable to study such similarities.