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Öğe Atipik yerleşimli kist hidatik(2014) Yüce, Serdar; Koçak, Ömer Faruk; Bulut, Gülay; Tekin, Hakan; Kahraman, AhmetHidatik kist hastalığı Echinococcus granulosusun neden olduğu zoonotik bir enfeksiyondur. Echinococcus granulosus, sıklıkla karaciğer ve akciğerde enfeksiyona neden olmakla birlikte nadir olarak baş ve boyun bölgesinde kistlere sebep olduğuna dair raporlar bulunmaktadır. Baş boyun bölgesinde hidatik kistlerin bulunduğu bölgeler arasında parotis bezi, parafarengeal alan, maksiller sinüs, nasolabial bölge, preaurikular bölge bulunmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumunda, sağ yanak bölgesinde yerleşimli nadir rastlanılan bir hidatik kist olgusu rapor edilmiştir.Öğe Bipediküllü fibular flep ile tibia rekonstrüksiyonu(2016) Kahraman, Ahmet; Yüce, Serdar; Tekin, Hakan; Canbaz, Yasin; Sultanoğlu, YılmazTibia kemik kayıpları konjenital, enfeksiyon, tümöral oluşumlar ve travmalara bağlı olarak gelişebilir. Ekstremite kaybını önlemek için tibial kemiğin rekonstrüksiyonu şarttır. Rekonstrüksiyon için, distraksiyon osteogenezis, otojen kemik greftleri veya kemik flepleri kullanılabilir. Tibia yerine geçebilecek büyüklükte ve dayanıklılıkta otojen bir kemik bulmak oldukça zordur. Özellikle büyük tibia defektlerinde fibula kemik flebi rekonstrüksiyonda sıklıkla kullanılır. En büyük dezavantajı kalınlığının yeterli olmaması sebebi ile stres kırıklarına maruz kalabilmesidir. Burada sunulan olguda 22 yaşında sağ tibiada Gustilo tip III yaralanması olan hastanın 15 cm boyutundaki tibial kemik ve cilt-yumuşak doku defekti vardı. Aynı bacaktan hazırlanan bipediküllü fibula filebi ile onarım yapıldı. Cilt defekti örtümü için serbest anterolateral uyluk flebi (ALT) ile kapatıldı. Fibula flebi başarılı oldu. ALT flebi ise 72. saatte kullanıldı. Fibula üzeri ikinci seans uygulama ile kısmi kalınlıkta cilt grefti ile kapatıldı. Hastanın 12 aylık düzenli takibinde fibulaya kontrollü yük uygulandı. X-ray görünümünde fibula tamamen tibiaya adapte olmuş ve kalibrasyonu orijinal tibia çapının ¾ seviyesine ulaşmış olduğu görüldü. Her iki ekstremite boyu eşitti. Hasta desteksiz şekilde ayakta durabiliyor ve yürüyebiliyordu. Cerrahinin süresinin kısa olması, güvenilir ve dönor alan morbiditesinin düşük olması tekniğin avantajı iken kalibrasyon zayıflığına bağlı stres kırıklarına karşı dayanıksız olması dezavantajıdırÖğe Child Injuries in the Syrian Civil War(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Kahraman, Ahmet; Ozkan, Mustafa; Durmus, MuzafferObjective: During wars, many soldiers and civilians either get injured or die. In civil wars, older people, women, and children are more vulnerable to injuries and traumas. The aim of this study is to reveal the demographic features and variety as well as the characteristics of the injuries in children who were impacted from the Syrian civil war and underwent surgeries in the plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery department. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study which initially included 121 children aged 0-18 years out of a total of 402 Syrian patients treated in the plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery department between December 2011 and December 2016. Results: Of 83 children with war injuries treated in our clinic, 42% were female and 58% were male. Forty-one percent of the injuries were located in the head-neck region. 43.4% of the injuries were due to burns. Thirty-six percent of the injuries were located on the extremities. All the patients underwent a total of 242 surgeries. The mean number of surgeries per child was 2.9. The mean time of hospitalization was 17.12% days. Conclusion: The results of the study show that children are impacted just as much or more than adults in the Syrian civil war and had more severe injuries than those effected by similar wars and terrorist attacks.Öğe Comparison of the Fistula Risk Associated With Rotation Palatoplasty and Conventional Palatoplasty for Cleft Palate Repair(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Kahraman, Ahmet; Yuce, Serdar; Kocak, Omer Faruk; Canbaz, Yasin; Guner, Sukriye Ilkay; Atik, Bekir; Isik, DaghanThe aims of the cleft palate repair techniques are to reduce the velopharyngeal insufficiency risk and oronasal fistula development to minimal levels without affecting the maxillofacial development. In this article, we present a retrospective study comparing the conventional palatoplasty techniques with the new technique of rotation palatoplasty for the risk of development of oronasal fistula. Materials and Methods: Of the 100 patients who were operated on because of cleft palate between the years 2002 and 2008, 12 patients had Furlow palatoplasty, and 88 patients received the Veau-Wardill-Kilner (V-Y pushback) operation (group C). A total of 67 patients who were operated on between 2008 and 2011 had rotation palatoplasty (group R). Results: One hundred patients were men, and 67 were women. Among all the patient groups, 22.8% were classified as Veau 1, 24.6% were classified as Veau 2, 37.1% were classified as Veau 3, and 15.6% were classified as Veau 4. The rate of fistula was found to be 17.7% in all patients. Fistula development was found in 6% of the patients in group R (4/67) and in 18% of the patients in group C (18/100). The difference between group R and group C regarding the number of patients who developed fistula was statistically significant (P = 0.011). Conclusions: The Veau classification of the cleft palate affects the risk of fistula development, and the risk for fistula after rotation palatoplasty is lower than that associated with the V-Y pushback technique.Öğe Congenital Lateral Cleft Palate of Unknown Etiology(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Kahraman, Ahmet; Yuce, Serdar; Kocak, Omer Faruk; Canbaz, Yasin; Isik, DaghanThe term cleft palate (CP) refers to midline defects extending from the prealveolar ark to the uvula, and these defects present with varying degrees. CP may be complete, incomplete, unilateral, bilateral, or submucosal. It is often observed with cleft lip (CL). In various studies, the incidence of isolated CP has been reported as 1.3 to 25.3 per 1000 births. 1,2 As a result of deterioration of the anatomical structure of the palate, illnesses such as regurgitation, respiratory tract infections, otitis, and speech disorders may occur. These defects are often observed in the midline and are rarely laterally localized. Cleft palates with lateral localization are outside the natural midline cleft closure line and cause clinical complaints similar to other types of CP. Two cases of laterally localized CP have previously been published in the literature. 3,4 The case presented here is the third known case to be reported.Öğe Eldeki yumuşak doku defektlerinin rekonstrüksiyonunda kasık flebi deneyimlerimiz(2016) Yüce, Serdar; Öksüz, Mustafa; Ersöz, Muhammet Eren; Koçak, Ömer Faruk; Kahraman, Ahmet; Işık, Dağhan; Atik, BekirAmaç: Pediküllü kasık flebi uzun süredir elin rekonstrüktif cerrahisinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, eldeki yumuşak doku defektlerinin rekonstrüksiyonunda pediküllü kasık flebi kullanılan olgular literatür eşliğinde değerlendirilerek sunuldu.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 2010-2014 yılları arasında Plastik, Rekonstrüktif ve Estetik Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı'nda el defektleri için kasık flebi kullanılan olgular dahil edildi. Yaş, cinsiyet, defekt nedeni, lokalizasyonu, kasık flebi büyüklüğü, verici saha kapatılma yöntemi, flep ayrılma zamanı, eşlik eden tedaviler ve komplikasyonlar gözden geçirildi. Bulgular: On üç erkek, yedi kadın olmak üzere toplam 20 hastada 22 kasık flebi kullanıldı. Kasık flebi sekiz hastada parmak amputasyonu ve degloving yaralanma sonrası ampute parçayı kapatmak için, üç hastada el ve parmak ezilme yaralanmasına bağlı defekt, bir hastada yanığa bağlı parmaklarda doku defekti, 5 hastada yanık sekeline bağlı ekstansiyon kontraktürü, üç hastada yanık sekeline bağlı fleksiyon kontraktürü nedeniyle kullanıldı. Hiçbir olguda flep kaybı olmadı.Sonuç: Pediküllü kasık flebi el defektlerinin rekonstrüksiyonunda önemli bir yeri olan güvenli, kolay uygulanabilen uygun vakalarda akılda bulundurulacak iyi bir alternatifdirÖğe Evaluating the effect of polytetrafluoroethylene and extractum cepae-heparin-allantoin gel in peripheral nerve injuries in a rat model(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Kahraman, Ahmet; Kahveci, RamazanBACKGROUND: Peripheral nerves can be injured by congenital, mechanical, thermal or chemical causes. Peripheral nerve injuries are increasing in frequency, particularly in countries that are becoming more industrialized. Nerve and extremity injuries result in work loss and high treatment costs, and can lead to separation of patients from their social environment. Failure of nerve repair causes muscle functional losses, sensory losses and painful neuropathies. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of condensed polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE) and cPTFE-extractum cepae-heparin-allantoin (cPTFE-EHA) gel compound on nerve and functional recovery, and the prevention of adhesion and scar tissue formation after total peripheral nerve injury repaired by primary suture in a rat model. RESULTS: cPTFE alone and cPTFE-EHA gel was found to provide better functional recovery and nerve regeneration compared with primary repair only. In the macroscopic evaluation, the cPTFE-EHA gel was found to have no negative effect on wound healing and, despite increasing extraneural scar tissue and adhesions, it had no negative effect on nerve function; in addition, it facilitated functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the cPTFE application alone, the application of perineural cPTFE-EHA gel during peripheral nerve surgery appeared to provide better functional recovery without causing any significant changes in epineural and extraneural scar tissue formation.Öğe Groin Flap Experience in the Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects of the Hand(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2016) Yuce, Serdar; Oksuz, Mustafa; Ersoz, Muhammet Eren; Kocak, Omer Faruk; Kahraman, Ahmet; Isik, Daghan; Atik, BekirObjective: Pediculated groin flap has been playing an important role in hand reconstructive surgery for a long time. In this study, the cases where pediculated groin flap in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand was used are presented in terms of literature. Material and Methods: The cases included in the study where a groin flap was used for hand defects between 2010 and 2014 in the Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Department. The age, gender, reason of defect, its localization, groin flap size, donor area closure method, flap separation time, other treatments, and complications were thoroughly examined. Results: Twenty-two groin flaps were used in 13 male and 7 females. It was used to close the amputated part in 8 patients as a result of finger amputation and degloving injury, in 3 patients as a result of hand and finger crush defect, in 1 patient as a result of burn finger defect, in 5 patients for extension contracture, and in 3 patients for flexion contracture due to burn sequel. Flap loss was not recorded in any of the cases. Conclusion: Pediculated groin flap is a good alternative that can be easily and safely used in suitable cases and has an important place in the reconstruction of hand defects.Öğe Investigation of geriatric age group trauma cases applying to plastic surgery clinic(2015) Yüce, Serdar; Öksüz, Mustafa; Ersöz, Muhammet Eren; Kahraman, Ahmet; Işık, Dağhan; Atik, BekirAmaç: Plastik Cerrahi Kliniğine travma nedeniyle başvuran 65 yaş üstü hastaların değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2010-2014 yılları arasında Plastik Cerrahi Kliniğine başvuran geriatrik yaş grubu travma hastaları dahil edildi. Hastaların, yaşları, cinsiyetleri, tanıları, travma nedenleri, lokalizasyonları, yapılan cerrahi işlemler, ek dahili problemler, anestezi türleri, verilen ek tedaviler sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular: Travma nedenleri incelendiğinde 9 (%39.13) hastada düşme, 6 (%26.09) hastada trafik kazası, 2 (%8.7) hastada kesici alet yaralanması, 2 (%8.7) hastada hayvan yaralanması, 2 (%8.7) hastada traktör kayış yaralanması, 1 (%4.34) hastada darp, 1 (%4.34) hastada ip yaralanması olduğu saptandı. Yapılan cerrahi işlemler incelendiğinde 6 (%26.09) hastada maksillofasiyal fraktür için açık redüksiyon ve internal tespit, 6 (%26.09) hastada kesi nedeniyle sütürasyon, 5 (%21.74) hastada maksillofasiyal travma nedeniyle medikal tedavi ile takip, 4 (%17.40) hastada tendon onarımı, 1 (%4.34) hastada mandibula fraktürü nedeniyle intermaksiller fiksasyon, 1 (%4.34) hastada doku defekti nedeniyle fleple onarım yapıldı. Sonuç: İyi bir preoperatif hazırlıkla birçok yaşlı travma olgusunun cerrahi tedavisi güvenle yapılabilmekte ve yeterli fonksiyonel ve estetik sonuç alınabilmektedir.Öğe Investigation of skin cancer in the geriatric age group(2014) Yüce, Serdar; Öksüz, Mustafa; Ersöz, Muhammed Eren; Kahraman, Ahmet; Işık, Dağhan; Atik, BekirGiriş: Yaşam süresindeki artışla birlikte yaşla ilişkili hastalıklar, bunların içinde kanserde olacak şekilde artmaktadır. Çalışmamızda bu amaçla Plastik Cerrahi servisinde cilt kanseri nedeniyleameliyat edilen 65 yaş üstü hastaların tedavi yöntemleri ve sonuçları değerlendirildi.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2010-2014 yılları arasında Plastik Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı'nda ciltkanseri nedeniyle ameliyat edilen 65 yaş üstü hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların, yaşları, cinsiyetleri,tanıları, lokalizasyonu, yapılan işlemler, lenf nodu diseksiyonları ve verilen ek tedaviler sınıflandırıldı.Bulgular: 91 cilt kanserli geriatrik hasta olduğu tespit edildi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 74,4olarak bulundu. Hastaların 47 (51,65%)'si kadın, 44 (48,35%) erkek idi. Hastaların tanıları incelendiğinde 58 (63,74%) hastada bazal hücreli karsinom, 27 (29,67%) hastada skuamöz hücrelikarsinom ve 6 (6,59%) hastada kutanöz melanoma olduğu saptandı. Yapılan cerrahi işlemler incelendiğinde 22 (24,17%) hastada lezyon eksizyonu + primer sütürasyon, 19 (20,88%) hastadalezyon eksizyonu + greftle onarım, 48 (%52,75) hastada lezyon eksizyonu + lokal fleple onarım,2 (2,20%) hastada ampütasyon yapıldı. Sonuç: Yaşlılarda cilt kanseri özellikle kutanöz melanoma insidans ve mortalitesi son yıllardagenç hastalardan daha fazla artmıştır. Sağlık kontrollerinde geriatrik yaş grubuna dikkat edilerekcilt kanserleri ile ilgili mortalite azaltılabilir.Öğe INVESTIGATION OF SKIN CANCER IN THE GERIATRIC AGE GROUP(Gunes Kitabevi Ltd Sti, 2014) Yuce, Serdar; Oksuz, Mustafa; Ersoz, Muhammed Eren; Kahraman, Ahmet; Isik, Daghan; Atik, BekirIntroduction: With the increase in lifespan, age related diseases including cancer also increase. With this in mind, in our study we evaluated treatment methods and results of patients who were older than age 65 and operated for skin cancer in the Plastic Surgery Clinic. Material and Method: Patients older than age 65 who were operated between 2010 and 2014 for skin cancer in the Department of Plastic Surgery were included in our study. Age, gender, diagnosis, localization, operation, lymph node dissection and additional treatments were analysed. Results: 91 geriatric patients with skin cancer were detected. The average age of patients was 74.4 years. 47 (51.65%) patients were female; 44 patients (48.35 %) were male. With respect to diagnosis, 58 (63.74%) had basal cell carcinoma, 27 (29.67%) had squamous cell carcinoma, and in 6 (6.59%) patients cutaneous melanoma was detected. A review of surgical operations showed that 22 (24.17%) patients had lesion excision + primary suturation, 19 (20.88%) had lesion excision + graft repair, 48 (52.75%) had lesion excision + local flap repair, and 2 (2.20%) had amputation. Conclusion: In recent years, skin cancer, especially the incidence and mortality of cutaneous melanoma, has been seen more frequently in elders, compared to younger patients. In health controls, the mortality of skin cancer may be reduced by taking into account the geriatric age group.Öğe Reconstruction of the Tibia with a Bipedicle Fibular Flap(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2016) Kahraman, Ahmet; Yuce, Serdar; Tekin, Hakan; Canbaz, Yasin; Sultanoglu, YilmazTibial defects can be caused by trauma, congenital, osteomyelitis, or cancers. The tibia is the main bone for bearing the body. It is a big bone, and the difficulty of the reconstruction of tibia is importance to repair it. The fibular bone is a good provider for repairing the tibia defects. Generally, the repair was planned be a free vascularized flap. The most important disadvantage is the low calibration. In early age in particular, the original thickness of the tibia is reached after the surgery with a good follow-up process and rehabilitation. In this case; a 22-year-old female patient had a multi-part post-traumatic fracture of the left tibia and was administered to our plastic surgery inpatient clinic. The bone defect was reconstructed with a bipedicle fibular flap taken from the same leg. The fibula was embedded into the medulla with a screw plate, and fixation was applied with an external fixator. Wherefore the loss of skin, skin flap of fibula bottomed of perforators was not used. A vascularized anterolateral thigh flap, which was obtained from the other leg, was used to reconstruct the skin defect. One year after surgery, the bone viability was perfect. The integrity of the skeleton was created without shortening the leg. The rehabilitation of the patient was continued for repowering and resizing the fibula up to tibia. In this case report, we wanted to share our experience for repairing the tibia defect with using a bipedicle fibular flap.Öğe Snake Envenomation to the Face of a Child--Rare Case(2015) Şahan, Mustafa; Duru, Mehmet; Çalişkan, Koca; Karakuş, Ali; Özcan, Oğuzhan; Kahraman, Ahmet; Kuvandik, GüvenSnakebites are seen in summer season in the southern part of Turkey, including Hatay province. In average of 40 patients with snakebites are admitted to our hospital every year. Viper is the most common venomous snakes in our region. Their hemotoxins and necrotoxins lead to local or systemic tissue damage and is responsible for the mortality and morbidity. In this report, we described a rare pediatric case, a six-year-old boy having been bitten on the left side of his face when he was looking around from their home's balcony. The patient was orotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated because of airway obstruction due to severe edema. 12 flacon of anti-snake venom, mannitol infusion, fresh frozen plasma, erythrocytes suspension and antibiotherapy were administered to the patient. Seven days after the admission, clinical and laboratory findings were improved and the patient was discharged in a good condition. Snakebites inflicted on face and neck areas may cause rapidly progressive edema in respiratory tract and lead to life-threatening conditions. Therefore early orotracheal intubation is very important to prevent mortality.Öğe Technical Details Concerning Myomucosal Advancement Method in the Repair of Large Lower Lip Defects(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Yuce, Serdar; Kahraman, Ahmet; Hosnuter, Mubin; Isik, DaghanThe most important decision that a surgeon has to make in large lower lip defect reconstruction is whether to use a free flap or local flap. Despite efficient transplantation, serious cosmetic problems can occur in total or in near-total lower lip reconstruction with a free flap. On the other hand, better cosmetic results can be brought about in reconstructions with local flaps when a repair is made in tissues with similar properties in terms of color, thickness, or pilosity. However, functional problems such as microstomy can be encountered when inefficient transplantation is carried out during local flap repairs. If a repair technique with local flap that enables efficient transplantation can be applied, satisfactory cosmetic as well as functional results can be provided. In this text, the technical details of the myomucosal advancement flap method, which is a successful functional local flap application with good cosmetic results, were reported and explained with the help of schematic drawings.Öğe Technical Details of Rotation Palatoplasty in Patients With Veau 1 Cleft Palate(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Yuce, Serdar; Kahraman, Ahmet; Isik, DaghanIn cleft palate repair, elongation of the cleft toward the posterior is critically important to prevent velopharyngeal insufficiency. The purpose of many cleft palate repair techniques has been to ensure this elongation. Rotational palatoplasty is a recent cleft palate repair technique. In this technique, the soft palate is transformed into a rotational flap to allow the palate to elongate in patients with a cleft palate. This technique, which is used in all types of cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency, is easy to use, practical, and efficient, especially in patients with a Veau 1 cleft palate. The aim of this study was to explain the technical details of the rotation palatoplasty technique in Veau 1 cleft palate with the aid of figures.Öğe An unusual Wohlfahrtia magnifica myiasis case localized in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues in a patient with head-neck cancer(2014) Çevik, Cengiz; Kaya, Özlem Aycan; Akbay, Ercan; Özkan, Mustafa; Kahraman, Ahmet; Uçak, MuratAurikula tümörleri tüm baş-boyun tümörlerinin %6'sını oluşturur. Aurikula malign tümörleri genellikle skuamöz hücreli karsinom ve bazal hücreli karsinomdur. Myiasis sağlıklı insanlarda nadiren görülür. Genellikle mental retardelerde, psikiyatrik bozukluğu olanlarda, yaşlılarda, kişisel hijien ve özbakımı kötü kişilerde ve immune sistemi bozukluğu olanlarda görülebilen bir parazittir. Myiasis insanlarda özellikle topical ve subtopikal bölgelerde görülür fakat diğer bölgelerde nadiren görülmektedir. Literatürde ülkemizden bildirilen myiasis olgusu çok azdır. Baş boyun bölgesinde ve özellikle de kanser yarasında çok daha nadir görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada bilgimize göre literatürde sunulmamış olan baş boyun kanseri zemininde gelişen ve deri ve deri altı dokuları tutan myiasis (Wohlfahrtia magnifica) olgusunu sunmayı amaçladık.Öğe [An unusual Wohlfahrtia magnifica myiasis case localized in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues in a patient with head-neck cancer].(2014) Cevik, Cengiz; Kaya, Ozlem Aycan; Akbay, Ercan; Ozkan, Mustafa; Kahraman, Ahmet; Uçak, MuratAuricular tumors constitute 6% of all head-neck tumors. Malignant tumors of the auricula are generally squamous or basal cell carcinomas. Myiasis rarely occurs in healthy individuals. In general, it is a parasite that is seen in patients with mental retardation or psychiatric disorders, elderly individuals, those with poor self-care and hygiene, and those with immune system disorders. In humans, it is mainly seen in tropical and subtropical regions; however, in rare instances, it may be seen in other regions of the world. In the literature, there are limited numbers of myiasis cases reported from Turkey. In this study, we aimed to present a myiasis case (Wohlfahrtia magnifica) involving cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues with an underlying head-neck cancer, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported before in the literature.Öğe Use with Tissue Expander Face, Scalp and Neck Reconstruction(Modestum Ltd, 2015) Yuce, Serdar; Oksuz, Mustafa; Ersoz, Muhammet Eren; Kahraman, Ahmet; Isik, Daghan; Atik, BekirThe tissue expander has found widespread use in reconstructive surgery. The donor area is needed, the recipient site with similar characteristics (color, thickness, hair follicle) features, minimal scarring and leads to donor site morbidity. In our study, presented face, scalp and neck reconstruction results obtained with the use of expander. The face, scalp and neck areas expander was used to evaluate patients in the Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department of Yuzuncu Yil University. Age, gender, expander indication, defect or scar area localization, expander residential area, expander shape, volume, valve location (internal-external), expansion time, major and minor complications were reviewed. 30 number expanders were used in 17 patients (8 male, 9 female patients). Expanders were used burn sequelae in 14 patients, tumor-related defects in 2 patients and due to giant hairy nevus in 1 patient. The expanders are scalp (19 cases), face (3 cases), supraclaviculer (7 cases) and the neck (1 case) has to be placed. In 4 of 17 patients (three major and one minor) complications were encountered. Use the expander is a good option especially in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the head and neck region.
