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    Effects of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid on fruit size and yield of Valencia oranges (Citrus sinensis Osb.)
    (Wfl Publ, 2011) Yildirim, Bilge; Yesiloglu, Turgut; Kamiloglu, Muge Uysal; Incesu, Meral; Cimen, Berken; Yilmaz, Nehri
    The Valencia orange is a high quality fruit grown in Turkey; however, small fruit size resulting in poor packouts is common in Valencia oranges. Small fruit size is the main factor limiting the marketing of Valencia oranges; thus, synthetic auxins are commonly used to enhance the size of citrus fruit. The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) on fruit size, yield and quality of Valencia oranges from 29-year-old trees budded on sour orange rootstock in Adana, Turkey in 2006. The application of 3,5,6-TPA to the entire tree was from 8(th) to 11(th) week after anthesis during June drop (JD). Following 3,5,6-TPA treatments, different combinations were used in the experiment: T-1 2 tablets per 100 litres applied just after the end of June drop (JD), T-2 2 tablets per 100 litres applied 5-7 days after the end of JD, T-3 3 tablets per 100 litres applied 5-7 clays after the end of JD, T-4 4 tablets per 100 litres applied 5-7 days after the end of JD, T-5 3 tablets per 100 litres applied 10-14 days after the end of JD and control trees receiving no 3,5,6-TPA (T-0). As a result, all treatments with 3,5,6-TPA reduced fruit yield, except for trees treated at the highest rate (T5). Compared to control trees, all applications of 3,5,6-TPA increased the number of large, commercially valuable Valencia oranges (>70.00 mm and 65.01-70.00 mm). Except for the titratable acid content (TA) and total soluble solid/TA ratio (TSS/TA), the internal characteristics of the fruit were not affected by treatment with 3,5,6-TPA. Generally, total acidity was decreased by treatment with 3,5,6-TPA. The results of the present study revealed that 3,5,6-TPA can be used to improve the size of Valencia fruitlets during the June drop.
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    Influences of girdling and potassium treatments on fruit quality and some physiological characters of 'Fremont' mandarin variety
    (Sciendo, 2021) Ulker, Tugba; Kamiloglu, Muge Uysal
    Growing citrus involves cultural treatments such as girdling and foliar potassium treatment to increase fruit size, yield and quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of single and double stem girdling, potassium nitrate (KNO3) treatment on leaves and combinations of these treatments on the fruit yield, size and quality characteristics, leaf chlorophyll concentration and leaf nitrogen content, leaf fluorescence (PSII) and leaf sugar content of the 'Fremont' mandarin variety. Girdling treatments were applied on the stem by removing 4 mm wide ring of bark at the end of anthesis and after the June fruit drop. Foliar KNO3 applications were applied at a concentration of 4% twice (90 days and 120 days after full anthesis) in the experiment. The single girdling (SG) and double girdling (DG) treatments on stems increased fruit yield (kg . tree(-1)) by approximately 40% relative to the control (C). Treatments did not significantly affect the internal fruit quality of the 'Fremont' mandarin variety except in fruit colour and appearance. The highest impact on fruit size was found in the DG + KNO3 treatment. According to treatments and periods, the SPAD values varied between 62.08 and 70.67, whereas the PSII values varied between 0.698 and 0.756. The treatments significantly increased the leaf nitrogen (N) concentration and the fructose, glucose and sucrose concentrations relative to the control. The highest N concentration content was detected in the foliar potassium treatment, and the highest total sugar content was detected in the SG treatment.