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    The effect of a multispecies synbiotic mixture on the duration of diarrhea and length of hospital stay in children with acute diarrhea in Turkey: Single blinded randomized study
    (Springer, 2013) Dinleyici, Ener Cagri; Dalgic, Nazan; Guven, Sirin; Ozen, Metehan; Kara, Ates; Arica, Vefik; Metin-Timur, Ozge
    Probiotics have been successfully used for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children and this effect depends on the strains and dose. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a synbiotic mixture on the duration of diarrhea and the length of hospital stay in children with acute watery diarrhea. This is a prospective randomized, multicenter single blinded clinical trial in hospitalized children with acute watery diarrhea. All children were treated with conventional hydration therapy with or without a daily dose of a synbiotic (2.5 x 10(9) CFU live bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecium, and 625 mg fructooligosaccharide) for 5 days. The primary endpoint was duration of diarrhea and duration of hospitalization was the secondary endpoint. Among 209 eligible children, 113 received the synbiotic mixture and 96 served as a control. The duration of diarrhea was significantly shorter (similar to 36 h) in children receiving the synbiotic group than the controls (77.9 +/- 30.5 vs. 114.6 +/- 37.4 h, p < 0.0001). The duration of hospitalization was shorter in children receiving the synbiotic group (4.94 +/- 1.7 vs. 5.77 +/- 1.97 days, p = 0.002). The effect of synbiotic mixture on diarrhea started after 24th hours and stool frequency significantly decreased after 24th and 48th hours. The percentage of diarrhea-free children is significantly higher in synbiotic group at 48th and 72nd hours of synbiotic group. In conclusion, this study showed a reduction in diarrhea duration by approximately 36 h and a reduction in the duration of hospitalization with approximately 1 day in children with acute diarrhea with this synbiotic mixture.
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    Evaluation of Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci Macrolide Resistance in Turkey: Pilot Study Results
    (Aves Yayincilik, Ibrahim Kara, 2011) Kara, Ates; Parlakay, Aslinur Ozkaya; Gur, Deniz; Cengiz, Ali Bulent; Tezer, Hasan; Ciftci, Ergin; Keser, Melike
    Objective: In this study, it is aimed to attain a general opinion about macrolide resistance and its prevalance in group A beta hemolytic Streptococci all over the country by studying isolates of group A beta hemolytic Streptoccocci causing tonsillopharyngitis from 8 centers in Turkey. In this study, the first results of macrolide resistance in a continuing study are reported. Material and Methods: From the first centers, isolates of group A beta hemolytic Streptococci from patients 5- 15 years of age, throat cultures were carried via transport medium ( blood agar- bacitracin) to Hacettepe University Medical Faculty Hospital and with disc diffusion technique erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycine and clindamycin resistance was studied. Results: From Hacettepe University Hospital 75 isolates, from Ankara University Hospital18 isolates, from Ankara Hematology andOncology Hospital 31 isolates, from Seleuk University Hospital 51 isolates, from Suleyman Demirel University Hospital 69 isolates, from Mustafa Kemal University Hospital 14 isolates, from Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Research Hospital 9 isolates and from Ankara Akay Hospital 20 isolates were obtained which yielded 287 group A beta hemolytic Streptococci. Intermediate erythromycin resistance of the strains was 2%, intermediate clindamycin resistance of the strains was 1.1%, intermediate azithromycin resistance of the strains was 1.8% and intermediate clarihtromycin resistance of the strains was 1.8%. Erythromycin resistance of group A beta hemolytic Streptococci was 1.3%, azithromycin resistance of group a beta hemolytic Streptococci was 2.8%, clarithromycin resistance of group A beta hemolytic Streptococci was 1.3%. Conclusion: In this study the anxiety that macrolide resistance of group A beta hemolytic Streptococci in our country is high should not be a serious problem. However macrolide resistance should be followed up intermittently with national and regional studies. Our study is continuing with the isolates from 20 centers and this study is presented to demonstrate pilot findings.