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Öğe The ameliorative effects of Ginkgo biloba on apoptosis, LH-R expression and sperm morphology anomaly in testicular torsion and detorsion(Wiley, 2018) Gevrek, F.; Bicer, C.; Kara, M.; Erdemir, F.Torsion/detorsion (T/D) induces testicular damages in both germinal epithelial and interstitial tissues. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) exerts antioxidant and free radical scavenger. We investigated the effect of GbE on testicular tissues, Leydig and sperm cells in rats injured with T/D. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups (Control, GbE, Treatment: T/D+GbE, T/D). T/D performed to the rats in torsion, treatment received GbE (50mg/kg) 1hr before T/D, GbE group received only GbE (50mg/kg) and control was defined as sham group. After T/D, the testes along with epididymis were removed and processed. LH-R expression, apoptosis, sperm morphology and histopathological damage scores were determined for each group. Testicular T/D caused significant increases in apoptosis and sperm morphology anomaly, and a significant decrease in Johnsen's testicular biopsy scores, LH-R expression of Leydig cell and normal sperm cell count. GbE ameliorated testicular histopathology and caused significant increases in LH-R expression, normal sperm cell count in the treated and particularly GbE group. Consequently, GbE may prevent testicular injury and enhance Leydig and sperm cell activity following both T/D and normal situation owing to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, free radical scavenger and anti-inflammatory effects.Öğe Chemical compositions and in vitro antifungal activities of essential oils obtained from different Origanum species against postharvest gray mold rot of persimmon fruit(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2022) Kara, M.; Türkmen, M.; Soylu, SonerA gray mold disease agent, Botrytis cinerea causes considerable losses during storage and transportation of persimmon fruit. Although fungicides were commonly used for postharvest disease management of persimmon fruit, restrictive regulations regarding fungicide residues, the emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates, and increasing public concern on pesticide have led to a global increase in the need for safer postharvest alternatives to control the decay of fruits. In this study chemical compositions and antifungal activities of essential oils (EOs) obtained from different Origanum species, such as O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites, O. minutiflorum and O. majorana were determined. The antifungal activities were determined by measuring inhibitory effect against mycelial growth of B. cinerea in vitro. Chemical compositions of EOs of O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites and O. minutiflorum were characterized with the presence of high amounts of carvacrol, thymol and ?-terpinene as major compounds. Different concentrations of the EOs were found to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea in a dose-dependent manner. Among the EOs tested, EOs from O. syriacum showed the strongest antifungal activity, with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 ?L Petri-1 followed by O. vulgare, O. onites and O. minutiflorum EOs with MIC values of 0.75, 1.0 and 2.0 ?L Petri-1, respectively. Complete mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea by EOs of O. majorana was observed at relatively higher concentration (8.0 ?L Petri-1). The high antifungal activities of EOs of O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites, O. minutiflorum appear to be related to their chemical compositions. Chemical compositions of O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites, O. minutiflorum EOs were characterized as rich in carvacrol and thymol. The strong antifungal activities displayed by EOs rich in carvacrol and thymol from O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites and O. minutiflorum may be considered as good alternatives for developing bio-fungicides to suppress the postharvest disease agent tested in this study. © 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of antagonistic traits of bacterial isolates obtained from apricot against green fruit rot disease agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Kara, M.; Soylu, Soner; Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.; Uysal, A.Blossom and fruit diseases occur widely and pose serious impacts on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production in Turkey. Green fruit rot disease occurs during the jacket stage when remnants of the flower parts are still attached to the immature fruit. The disease are usually common on apricot trees growing in high humidity orchards and causes a brown discoloration on the fruit under the jacket (shuck). The young fruit withers and falls off the tree within a few weeks. In this study, 12 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from healthy and diseased immature fruits of apricot and identified by MALDI-TOF. Antagonistic efficiency and mechanisms of these bacterial isolates were determined against jacket rot of apricot disease agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro conditions. Among the bacterial isolates, 4 isolates showed antagonistic activities on mycelial growth and sclerot formation in dual culture petri plates. Among the bacterial isolates, the highest mycelial growth inhibition was caused by the most efficient isolate Bacillus vallismortis AB13 (69.4%) followed by Bacillus mojavensis (68.3%) and Bacillus subtilis (59.4%) respectively. Bacterial isolates belonging the Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp. and Pantoae spp. were not found effective for inhibitions in mycelial growth and sclerotia formation. Antagonistic and plant growth-promoting activities, such as production of siderophore, synthesize extracellular enzymes (protease) and solubilization of inorganic phosphorous, were tested for each of these bacterial isolates in vitro conditions. Siderophore and protease activity were determined as major antagonistic mechanisms for suppression of mycelial growth and sclerotial formations. Although further studies are needed, these endophytes might have great potential in the field of biocontrol and plant growth promoting for sustainable agricultural practices.Öğe Determination of fungal and bacterial disease agents of apricot trees growing in Hatay province(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Soylu, Soner; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.; Uysal, A.Fungal and bacterial diseases occur widely and pose serious impacts on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production in Turkey. A disease surveys were conducted to identify the fungal and bacterial causal disease agents associated with root and foliar diseases in the main apricot orchards in Hatay province. The disease agents were isolated from the root, stem, leaf and fruit of infected trees. The results of fungal isolations from diseased apricot roots taken at regular intervals over the entire growth period have indicated that Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. [Rhizoctonia root rot], Verticillium dahliae Kleb. [Verticillium wilt] and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich [Charcoal rot] were the most frequently encountered and widespread soil-borne fungal disease agents identified on wilting and dying trees growing in all locations. Majority of the diseased trees were infested by the more than one disease agents. Wilsonomyces carpophilus (Lev.) Adask., J.M. Ogawa & E.E. Butler [Shot hole], Botrytis cinerea Pers. [Gray mold], Podosphaera pannosa var. persicae (Walls.) de Bary [Powdery mildew], Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy. [Green fruit rot], Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey [Brown rot], Cladosporium carpophilum Thum. [Scab], Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler [Alternaria leaf spot] were the most frequently observed foliar and fruit fungal disease agents. Bacterial disease agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Burk.) Young, [Bacterial canker] were also isolated from leaves and fruits of apricot plants with minor importance in the region.Öğe The effect of thymus syriacus plant extract on the main physical and antibacterial activities of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by SILAR method(Elsevier, 2022) Sahin, B.; Aydin, R.; Soylu, Soner; Turkmen, M.; Kara, M.; Akkaya, A.; Cetin, H.This study aimed to determine the main physical properties of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Thymus syriacus plant extract and their antibacterial activities against eight different Gram-positive and Gram-negative plant bacterial disease agents. The surface morphological, structural, optical and electrical attributes of the ZnO films were analyzed by various types of characterization techniques. The authors have observed that the microstructural and surface morphological properties considerably changed by using T. syriacus plant extract. UV-Vis. analysis showed that the bandgap values are increased from 3.17 to 3.28 eV with the T. syriacus content in the growth solution. Impedance measurements presented an increase of the semicircle diameters with the increase % of T. syriacus. The antibacterial effectiveness of ZnO-NPs was evaluated against plant pathogenic bacterial species by using the agar disc diffusion method. Established on inhibition zone diameter values, ZnO-NPs displayed varying levels of antibacterial activities against all bacterial species tested. Gram-positive bacterial species were found more sensitive than Gram-negative species. In comparison, the highest antibacterial activity was displayed against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, the lowest antibacterial activity was recorded for Pseudomonas corrugata. The present research findings suggest that the green synthesized ZnO-NPs have a prospective to be used as optoelectronic materials and antibacterial agents against plant pathogenic bacterial disease.Öğe Effects of habitual knuckle cracking on metacarpal cartilage thickness and grip strength(Elsevier, 2017) Yildizgoren, M. T.; Ekiz, T.; Nizamogullari, S.; Turhanoglu, A. D.; Guler, H.; Ustun, N.; Kara, M.Joint cracking involves a manipulation of the finger joints resulting in an audible crack. This study aimed to determine whether habitual knuckle cracking (KC) leads to an alteration in grip strength and metacarpal head (MH) cartilage thickness. Thirty-five habitual knuckle crackers (cracking their joints >= 5 times/day) (20 M, 15 F, aged 19-27 years) and 35 age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched non-crackers were enrolled in the study. MH cartilage thickness was measured with ultrasound and grip strength was measured with an analog Jamar hand dynamometer. Grip strength was similar between groups (P > 0.05). Habitual knuckle crackers had thicker MH cartilage in the dominant and non-dominant hands than those of the controls (P = 0.038 and P = 0.005, respectively). There was no correlation between MH cartilage thickness and grip strength in both groups (P > 0.05). While habitual KC does not affect handgrip strength, it appears to be associated with increased MH cartilage thickness. (C) 2016 SFCM. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe First Report of Albugo lepidii Causing White Blister Rust on Broadleaved Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum) in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Shin, H. D.; Choi, Y. J.; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Downy Mildew Disease Caused by Perofascia lepidii on Garden Cress Lepidium sativum in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2017) Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Shin, H. D.; Choi, Y. J.; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Downy Mildew Disease Caused by Peronospora effusa on Spinach in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2018) Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Shin, H. D.; Choi, Y. J.; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Downy Mildew Disease Caused by Peronospora viciae on Common Vetch (Vicia saliva) in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2020) Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Choi, Y. J.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces neosalviae on Salvia fruticosa in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Hong, S. H.; Shin, H. D.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Powdery Mildew on Mediterranean Thyme (Thymbra spicata var. spicata) Caused by Golovinomyces monardae in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Soylu, Soner; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.; Uysal, A.; Hong, S. H.; Shin, H. D.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe FIRST REPORT OF STEM ROT DISEASE OF PARSLEY CAUSED BY SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM IN TURKEY(Edizioni Ets, 2017) Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Kara, M.; Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. M.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of White Blister Rust Disease Caused by Albugo occidentalis on Spinach in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2018) Soylu, Soner; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Shin, H. D.; Choi, Y. J.; Soylu, E. M.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe In vitro antifungal activities of endophytic bacterial isolates against postharvest heart rot disease agent Alternaria alternata in pomegranate fruits(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Atay, M.; Kara, M.; Uysal, A.; Soylu, Soner; Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the most commonly consumed fruit which suffers from postharvest decay giving rise to large economic losses. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. is an important postharvest fungal pathogen causing loss of fruit during transportation and storage. Chemical applications are primarily made to control them. However, the recent trend is to convert toward safer and more friendly alternatives for the control of postharvest decays. In this study, we investigated the biological control of pomegranate postharvest heart rot disease agent using endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from healthy pomegranate fruits. A proteomic analysis through MALDI-TOF MS (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) was performed to identify these bacterial isolates. The antifungal activities of 12 putative endophytic bacterial isolates of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus vallismortis, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus megaterium, Solibacillus silvestris, Erwinia herbicola, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus cereus, Pantoea dispersa and Bacillus endophyticus were tested against A. alternata in dual culture assays. Bacillus mojavensis PEB39 was the most effective isolate against pathogenic fungi in vitro (80% inhibition of mycelial growth) followed by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PEB46 (78.9%) Bacillus vallismortis PEB40 (76.7%) and Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis PEB43 (75.6%). Our findings suggest that as an alternative and promising biological control agent B. mojavensis can suppress postharvest diseases caused by A. alternata and may effectively control postharvest physiological changes caused by fungal pathogens.Öğe Nitrate, nitrite and chlorophyll contents in parsley and their relationships with each other(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Kara, M.; Dasgan, H. Y.Parsley (Petroselinum hortense Mill.) is one of the leafy vegetables. Antakya and Iskenderun are the districts of Turkey that leafy vegetable production and consumption are quite common. Nitrate and nitrite accumulations in green leafy vegetables are very important for health. In this study, the relationships between nitrate, nitrite, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b in parsley were investigated. Every month, for two years, four samples for each district were collected from local markets in both districts. Nitrate and nitrite analyses were conducted by using a DAD detector in the HPLC device. Chlorophyll measurements were determined spectrophotometrically. In Antakya district, nitrate concentrations were between 634 in April, and 1969 mg kg(-1) in July. In Iskenderun district, nitrate concentrations were between 241 in April and 3077 mg kg(-1) in December. The nitrite concentrations ranged from 2.01 in April to 191.97 mg kg(-1) in January in Antakya. In Iskenderun nitrite concentrations ranged from 0.36 in September to 68.77 mg kg(-1) in February. We conclude that there were no health concerns for parsley in either place according to the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for nitrate and nitrite determined by the WHO (World Health Organization). The relationship between nitrate and nitrite was not found significant in either place but there were significant positive correlation between nitrate and total chlorophyll. Significant positive correlations were also found between nitrite and total chlorophyll. In both districts we have calculated the daily intake amount of parsley for a person that can be safely eaten according to the toxic nitrite limits determined by the WHO.Öğe Responses of lettuce to irrigation levels and nitrogen forms(Academic Journals, 2009) Bozkurt, S.; Mansuroglu, G. S.; Kara, M.; Onder, S.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and nitrogen forms on yield, quality and water use efficiency of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia cv. Lital) under greenhouse conditions during the periods November 2003 - February 2004 in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Four irrigation treatments with a drip irrigation system were based on adjustment coefficients (Kcp) (0, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25) of Class A pan evaporation. Nitrogen (N) treatments were consisted of ammonium nitrate (N(AN)) and ammonium sulfate (N(AS)) forms. As the yield and quality parameters of plant; mean marketable head weight, number of total and marketable leaves, plant height and diameters, root wet weight, plant dry weight, core diameters and tightness of head were determined. N forms significantly affected plant diameter and number of total and marketable leaves. Yield and other yield components were not affected by different N forms. Irrigation levels had significant (p < 0.01) different effects on yield and yield components except for plant dry weight. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained from N(AN)xKcp(100) interaction plot. The water use efficiency (WUE) and the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) increased as the irrigation level reduced.Öğe Superior antibacterial activity against seed-borne plant bacterial disease agents and enhanced physical properties of novel green synthesized nanostructured ZnO using Thymbra spicata plant extract(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Sahin, B.; Soylu, Soner; Kara, M.; Turkmen, M.; Aydin, R.; Cetin, H.An easy and eco-friendly approach using Thymbra spicata var. spicata L. (TS) plant extract was developed for the formation of nanostructured ZnO. TS aqueous leaf extract was used for the green synthesis of nanostructured ZnO via the Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Electron microscope images exhibit the morphological adjustments of the samples with respect to change in TS concentration in the growth solution. The nanostructured ZnO grown by SILAR was observed to be polycrystalline with hexagonal crystal structure. The optical energy bandgap value of the samples varies from 3.21 to 3.09 eV as the content of TS increases from 2.5 to 5.0%. Also, the effect of TS additive to ZnO on electrical properties was investigated. It was determined by Van der Pauw measurements that TS contribution to ZnO significantly increased electrical resistance. In addi-tion, impedance analyzes of the produced films were carried out in the frequency range of 20Hz -1 MHz. Nyquist plots showed the single semicircle for all samples, and the values of capacitance and resistance were calculated. Its antibacterial activities was investigated against economically important Gram-positive (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis) and negative (Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola, Pseudomonas cichorii and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum) seed-borne plant bacterial disease agents by using paper disc diffusion assay for the first time. In vitro laboratory screenings of green synthesized nanostructured ZnO have given encouraging results, indicating their potential use in the management of seed-borne bacterial diseases.
