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    Adverse effects of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin on the fertility of Saanen bucks
    (Springer, 2021) Yucel, Ufuk Mercan; Kosal, Volkan; Kara, Mikail; Taspinar, Filiz; Uslu, Baris Atalay
    This study aimed to determine the adverse effects of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin application on the fertility of Saanen bucks. For this purpose, twenty-four bucks were divided into three groups. Group I (control group) received only 5 ml of 0.9% NaCl for 7 days, group II was given a single dose of 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline and group III was given at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg per day for 7 days intramuscularly. Serum and semen samples were collected from the bucks at post-treatment 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days and examined spermatological parameters (quantity, motility, density, abnormal sperm ratio, and live-dead sperm ratio), serum testosterone levels (with ELISA) and sperm DNA parameters (with Comet assay). The results showed no change in sperm volume, abnormal sperm rate, and dead-live sperm ratio in group II and III following oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin administration. However, a decrease in sperm density, sperm motility, mass activity, and testosterone levels, and an increase in sperm DNA damage were detected. These spermatological parameters (density, motility, mass activity) and testosterone levels were less decreased and sperm DNA damage was less increased in group II than group III. The greater damage in group III may be attributed to the longer duration of enrofloxacin administration compared to oxytetracycline and the effect of enrofloxacin on DNA. The results obtained from this study suggest that usage of oxytetracycline and especially enrofloxacin should be restricted and antibiotics with fewer side effects on sperm should be preferred in Saanen bucks during the reproduction period.
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    Capparis Spinosa L. in an Animal Model of Sciatic Crush Injury
    (Wiley, 2019) Ishakoglu, Ozlem Kutlu; Tutuk, Okan; Dogan, Hatice; Demir, Enver Ahmet; Secinti, Ilke Evrim; Kara, Mikail; Kahraman, Ibrahim
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    CREB1 and PPAR-?/? Pathways in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion: Route for Curcumin to Hepatoprotection
    (Briefland, 2022) Demir, Enver Ahmet; Tutuk, Okan; Dogan-Gocmen, Hatice; Ozyilmaz, Duygu Seren; Karagul, Meryem Ilkay; Kara, Mikail; Temiz, Muhyittin
    Background: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major problem that can exacerbate complications, particularly in liver trans-plantations. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms of ischemia/reperfusion injury and hepatoprotection by cur -cumin. Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups as Control, Sham, I/R, and Cur+I/R. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion was induced in I/R and Cur+I/R animals, the latter of which was also given 50 mg/kg/day of curcumin for 14 days. Liver aminotransferases and the transcription regulators of inflammation (RelA, I & kappa;B, PPAR-& alpha;, PPAR-& gamma;, CREB1) were examined along with the histological examination. Results: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion was found to disrupt hepatic microstructure and downregulate PPAR-& alpha;, PPAR-& gamma;, and CREB1 transcripts. Curcumin supplementation in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion recovered the structural organization and promoted the hepatocyte regeneration while increasing expressions of PPARs and CREB1. RelA and I & kappa;B were found unaltered, possibly due to the crosstalk between targeted transcripts by ischemia/reperfusion and curcumin. Conclusions: In sum, PPAR-& alpha;/& gamma; and CREB1 were involved in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and, moreover, were detected to be stim-ulated by curcumin. PPAR and CREB pathways were found to provide a route to hepatoprotection for curcumin supplementation as evidenced by the microstructural improvement.
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    Evaluation of the aquaporin molecules characterization in the sperm cells of men from different aged
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2024) Gevrek, Fikret; Gencel, Osman Serden; Gorgun, Selim; Kara, Mikail; Katar, Muzaffer
    Background/aim: Male infertility rises for many reasons, along with age; therefore, we aimed to research the characterization of aquaporin-3, 7, and 8 in human sperm belonging to different age groups. Material and methods: This study was conducted on sperm samples of men aged over 18 years. A total of 60 men were included in the study and divided into three age groups: group 1, age 18-25 years (n = 20); group 2, age 26-35 years (n = 20); and group 3, age >= 35 years (n = 20). Sperm ejaculates obtained from each participant were used for spermiogram tests, Kruger strict morphology analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Results: We observed no statistically significant differences in terms of macroscopic and microscopic sperm testing. The immunostaining score of aquaporin-3 was the lowest in group 1 and increased in group 3 and group 2, respectively (p < 0.05). Aquaporin-8 immunostaining only increased in group 2 (p < 0.05). Aquaporin-7 immunostaining scores were not different between the groups (p > 0.05). When the immunostaining scores of aquaporin molecules were compared with each other, aquaporin-7 was significantly increased compared with the others (p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be stated that aquaporin-3 and aquaporin-8 molecules were more expressed at age 26 to 35 years, and aquaporin-7 was densely expressed from age 18 to 25 years. If the characterization of these molecules is adversely affected, male infertility may eventually emerge. We recommend further advanced -level studies on this subject.
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    Investigation of the effects of diclofenac sodium in rat ovary on the number of preantral follicles by stereological methods in prenatal period
    (2017) Çölçimen, Neşe; Rağbetli, Murat Çetin; Kara, Mikail; Arıhan, Okan; Akyol, Veysel
    For healthy future generations pregnancy is a period in which maximum amount of attention should be given. In this period, choice, duration and dosage of medication as well as the changing physiology of the mother should be taken into account. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of drugs that have analgesic, anti-pyretic and antiinflammatory effects. This group of drugs can be used in the treatment of the ongoing rheumatic diseases or which occur during the pregnancy period and the complications that occur due to pregnancy. We aimed to show how it affects the number of ovarium preantral follicles of newborn fetus on rats by using Diclofenac Sodium which belongs to this drug family group. Diclofenac Sodium (1 mg / kg, IM) was injected for 15 days from the 5th day of pregnancy to pregnant rats in Diclofenac Sodium group and saline (1 ml / kg, IM) was injected to the pregnant rats of the sham group at the same time period. In the 4th week after birth, ovarian tissue preparates of rat pups were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and ovarian total tissue volumes and preantral follicle counts were evaluated under light microscope. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for ovarium total tissue volumes and preantral follicle numbers (p>0.05). Lowest value of follicular intensity was observed in Diclofenac sodium group among study groups however no statistically important difference was found (p>0.05). Results obtained in our study may be related with administration of drug in not a high dosage (1mg/kg). Further studies may be performed with higher doses.
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    Investigation of the sperm aquaporin molecules expression in fertile and infertile men
    (2023) Gevrek, Fikret; Akyoruk, Arif; Kara, Mikail; Katar, Muzaffer; Erdemir, Fikret
    Aim: Infertility is pregnancy failure for a year without protection, despite regular sexual intercourse. Various disorders and deficiencies in both genders can cause this situation, and a considerable portion of these cases consists of male infertility. We aimed to investigate the relationship between aquaporin molecules expressed in human sperm cells and male infertility. Materials and Methods: We carried out the study on the sperm cells of two different groups consisting of ten fertile and twenty infertile men older than eighteen. Smear slides were prepared following spermiogram testing. These slides were stained using the Diffquick and immunohistochemistry protocols to test the Kruger strict sperm morphology and detect the immune expression of the AQP molecules, respectively. Results: The results of the spermiogram and Kruger-strict sperm morphology analysis showed that average sperm cell count and numerical sperm parameters values in the semen of infertile individuals decreased, and sperm counts with anomalies were higher in infertile ones versus those of fertile (p<0.05) as predicted. Our immunohistochemical analysis findings revealed that the immune expression of each aquaporin molecule was reduced slightly in infertile men regarding fertile ones, but the decrease was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to our findings, the immune expression of infertile ones’ aquaporin molecules was reduced by a small amount, even if this was not statistically meaningful. These molecules of the sperm cells can not be primarily associated with male infertility. However, further advanced-level research is required on this issue to make a precise decision.
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    A stereological study on determination of ventricular wall volume of the heart in female and male quails
    (2023) Çakmak, Gamze; Karadağ, Hüseyin; Soygüder, Zafer; Rağbetli, Murat Çetin; Kara, Mikail; Akyol, Veysel
    In this study, ventricular wall volume of female and male quails was investigated stereologically. Six females and six males quails were used in this study. All of the animals were perfused. After the per- fusion, the quails were kept in 10% formaldehyde solution. Afterwards, chests of quails were cut and their hearts were resected. Ventricles of the hearts were separated. Specific ratio of tissue samples was obtained from each ventricle. The 5-?m thick samples were cut by using a microtome. Sequenti- ally, 10 sections were obtained. These sections were stained by hematoxylin eosin and photographed. Volumes of wall of the ventricles were estimated by using the Cavalieri’s Principle. In this study, the volume values of ventricular walls of female and male quails were compared. Some differences were found between these values. The volume values of ventricular walls of six female quails were com- pared with each other. While the lowest volume value was 0.398 cm³, the highest volume value was 0.612 cm³. The volume values of the male quails were between 0.438 cm³-0.817 cm³. It was found that volume values of ventricular walls of male quails were higher than volume values of ventricular walls of female quails. As a result, although there was a specific distinction between volume values of ventricular walls of female and male quails. There was no difference between statistic values (P>0.05). It was thought that this study will be guiding for other related studies.