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Öğe Akdeniz havzasından toplanmış olan su kabakları üzerine aşılı crimson tide karpuz çeşidinin verim ve kalite özellikleri(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2010) Karaca, Fatih; Yetişir, HalitBu çalışmada, Akdeniz havzasından toplanmış olan su kabakları (Lagenaria siceraria) üzerine aşılı Crimson Tide karpuz çeşidinin bitkisel gelişimi, verim ve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Toplanmış olan su kabakları yanında karşılaştırma amacı ile 2 ticari su kabağı anacı da kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, arazi ve sera çalışması olmak üzere iki kısımda yürütülmüştür. Serada aşı tutma oranı tespit edilmiş ve aşılanmış bitkiler saksılarda yetiştirilerek anaçların bitki büyümesine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Tarla denemesinde ise, aşılanan fideler erken ilkbaharda alçak tünel altına dikilmiş ve anaçların toplam verim, pazarlanabilir verim, erkenci verim ve meyve kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Aşı tutma oranı anaçlara bağlı olarak %78 ile %100 arasında değişmiştir. Ticari anaçların ve yerel anaçların aşı tutuma oranı benzer bulunmuştur. Hem ticari anaçlar hem de yerel anaçlar üzerine aşılanmış olan bitkiler kontrol bitkilerinden daha fazla gelişmiştir. Aşılı bitkilerdeki taze ağırlık artışı anaca bağlı olarak %47 ile %253 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Aşılı bitkilerin tamamında kontrol bitkilerine göre daha yüksek verim alınmıştır. Yerel anaçlar, ticari anaçlardan daha yüksek toplam verim değerlerine sahip olmuşlardır. Yerel anaçlar arasında yüksek verim değerine sahip olan 01-16, 07-42, 07-45, 31-09, 31-15 ve 46-03 no'lu genotipler ön plana çıkmışlardır. Erkenci verim bakımından ticari anlamda önemli bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Kalite parametreleri açısından aşılı karpuz bitkilerinden alınan meyveler ile kontrol bitkilerinden alınan meyveler benzer bulunmuşturYapılan bu çalışma sonucunda verim ve kalite açısından Akdeniz Bölgesinden toplanmış olan su kabaklarının karpuza anaçlık potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştırÖğe Genetic and pathogenic characterization of Verticillium dahliae isolates from eggplant in Turkey(Springer, 2009) Dervis, Sibel; Yetisir, Halit; Yildirim, Hatice; Tok, Fatih M.; Kurt, Sener; Karaca, FatihDuring 2005 to 2007, eggplant fields in 19 provinces from three different regions (western, southern and southeastern Anatolia regions) of Turkey were surveyed for Verticillium wilt. Sixty-seven isolates of Verticillium dahliae from wilted eggplants were collected and used for vegetative compatibility analysis using nitrate non-utilizing mutants and reference tester strains of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A and 4B. Among all isolates, 33 (12 from western, 15 from southern and six from southeastern Anatolia) were assigned to VCG2B, 23 (four from western, eight from southern and 11 from southeastern Anatolia) to VCG2A, six (four from southern, one from western, and one from southeastern Anatolia) to VCG4B and five (one from western, one from southern and three from southeastern Anatolia) to VCG1A, whereas VCG3 and VCG4A were not defined among isolates. In order to test if there is a correlation between VCG and pathogenicity in V. dahliae, pathogenicity of 30 isolates, representing the four multimember VCGs, were tested on Solanum melongena cvs. 'Kemer' and 'AydA +/- n SiyahA +/-' in an unheated greenhouse. All isolates were found to be pathogenic on both cultivars and there was no difference in susceptibility between the two cultivars. VCG4B isolates collectively led to higher vascular discoloration index (VDI) on both cultivars and higher disease severity index (DSI) on 'Kemer' compared with other VCGs. Similarly, VCG1A caused lower VDI on both cultivars and lower DSI on 'Kemer'. Isolates within each of VCGs 1A, 2A and 4B caused similar VDI on both cultivars. Isolates of VCG2B were found to vary in their VDI values on both cultivars. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of natural infections of eggplant by VCG1A.Öğe Identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different colour carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars using static headspace/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Informa Healthcare, 2015) Güler, Zehra; Karaca, Fatih; Yetisir, HalitVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as sugar and acid contents affect carrot flavour. This study compared VOCs in 11 carrot cultivars. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using static headspace technique was applied to analyse the VOCs. The number of VOCs per sample ranged from 17 to 31. The primarily VOCs identified in raw carrots with the exception of “Yellow Stone” were terpenes, ranging from 65 to 95%. The monoterpenes with values ranging from 31 to 89% were higher than those (from 2 to 15%) of sesquiterpenes. Monoterpene ?-terpinolene (with ranging from 23 to 63%) and (-)-?-pinene (26%), and alcohol ethanol (35%) was the main VOC in extracts from the nine carrot cultivars, “Purple” and “Yellow Stone”, respectively. As a result, among 16 identified monoterpenes, 7 monoterpenes (-)-?-pinene, (-)-?-pinene, ?-myrcene, d-limonene, ?-terpinene, ?-terpinolene and p-cymene constituted more than 60% of total VOCs identified in carrots including “Atomic Red”, “Nantes”, “Cosmic Purple”, “Red Samurai”, “Eregli Black”, “White Satin”, “Parmex” and “Baby Carrot”. Thus, these cultivars may advise to carrot breeders due to the beneficial effects of terpenes, especially monoterpenes on health. © 2015 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.Öğe Phytochemical characteristics of grafted watermelon on different bottle gourds (Lagenaria siceraria) collected from the Mediterranean region of Turkey(2013) Çandır, Elif; Yetişir, Halit; Karaca, Fatih; Üstün, DurmuşThe objective of this study is to determine the sugar, organic acid, and carotenoid content of Crimson Tide watermelons grafted onto bottle gourd genotypes collected from the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The experiment was carried out during the 2008 and 2009 growing season. Grafting on the local bottle gourd rootstocks improved the total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, sugar, organic acid, and carotenoid (β-carotene and lycopene) contents of Crimson Tide fruits. Grafting also altered the ratios among the sugars of Crimson Tide watermelon fruits. Among the Crimson Tide/rootstock (CT/rootstock) combinations, the CT/09-01 and CT/07-06 graft combinations with higher sucrose, lycopene, and total carotenoid content were found promising to increase the quality of Crimson Tide fruits. Commercial rootstocks (Macis and Argentario) reduced carotenoid content compared to the control.Öğe Rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon : Plant growth, yield and quality(2012) Karaca, Fatih; Yetişir, Halit; Solmaz, İlknur; Çandır, Elif; Kurt, Şener; Sarı, Nebahat; Güler, ZehraAbstract: Th e rootstock potential of 21 bottle gourds (Lagenaria siceraria) collected from the Mediterranean region (Turkey) was investigated for watermelon with regard to plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. Th e Crimson Tide watermelon cultivar was used as a scion and 2 commercial rootstocks (L. siceraria) were also used for comparison. In greenhouse conditions, the survival rate of graft ed plants and the eff ect of rootstocks on plant growth were determined. Th e graft ed plants were planted under low tunnels in early spring and the eff ects of the rootstocks on early yield, total yield, and fruit quality were evaluated. Th e survival rates of the graft ed plants varied from 83% to 100%. Survival rates of those with commercial rootstocks and local rootstocks were similar. Plants graft ed onto 20-02, 31-09, 31-43, 35-01, and 46-03 were more vigorous than ungraft ed control plants. Compared to the control plants, graft ed plants had 37% to 80% higher plant dry weight. All of the graft ed plants except CT/Macis produced a higher yield than the control plants. Th e plants graft ed onto 6 of the local rootstocks had signifi cantly greater total yields than those graft ed onto the commercial rootstocks. Among the local bottle gourd landraces tested, the 01-16, 07-45, 20-06, 31-09, 31-15, and 46-03 were found to be promising genotypes with regard to total yield. Early yield was not signifi cantly aff ected by rootstock. Th e quality parameters of the fruits harvested from the graft ed and control plants were found to be similar except for a limited number of graft combinations. It was concluded that germplasm from Turkish bottle gourds has a high rootstock potential for watermelon with regard to the investigated parameters.Öğe Rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon: plant growth, yield and quality(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Karaca, Fatih; Yetisir, Halit; Solmaz, Ilknur; Candir, Elif; Kurt, Sener; Sari, Nebahat; Guler, ZehraThe rootstock potential of 21 bottle gourds (Lagenaria siceraria) collected from the Mediterranean region (Turkey) was investigated for watermelon with regard to plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. The Crimson Tide watermelon cultivar was used as a scion and 2 commercial rootstocks (L. siceraria) were also used for comparison. In greenhouse conditions, the survival rate of grafted plants and the effect of rootstocks on plant growth were determined. The grafted plants were planted under low tunnels in early spring and the effects of the rootstocks on early yield, total yield, and fruit quality were evaluated. The survival rates of the grafted plants varied from 83% to 100%. Survival rates of those with commercial rootstocks and local rootstocks were similar. Plants grafted onto 20-02, 31-09, 31-43, 35-01, and 46-03 were more vigorous than ungrafted control plants. Compared to the control plants, grafted plants had 37% to 80% higher plant dry weight. All of the grafted plants except CT/Macis produced a higher yield than the control plants. The plants grafted onto 6 of the local rootstocks had significantly greater total yields than those grafted onto the commercial rootstocks. Among the local bottle gourd landraces tested, the 01-16, 07-45, 20-06, 31-09, 31-15, and 46-03 were found to be promising genotypes with regard to total yield. Early yield was not significantly affected by rootstock. The quality parameters of the fruits harvested from the grafted and control plants were found to be similar except for a limited number of graft combinations. It was concluded that germplasm from Turkish bottle gourds has a high rootstock potential for watermelon with regard to the investigated parameters.Öğe Vegetative compatibility groups and pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae isolates from watermelon in Turkey(Academic Journals, 2009) Dervis, Sibel; Yetisir, Halit; Tok, Fatih Mehmet; Kurt, Sener; Karaca, FatihIn this study, surveys were carried out for Verticillium wilt in watermelon fields (262 fields) in 13 provinces from five regions of Turkey. The proportion of fields having wilted plants was 40%. Verticillium dahliae was isolated from 15.2% of the fields showing wilted plants. At the end of surveys, 16 V. dahliae isolates (each from a different wilted field, collected from eight provinces of the Aegean, Central Anatolia, Marmara, Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia Regions) were obtained and used for vegetative compatibility analysis using nitrate non-utilizing mutants and reference isolates belonging to vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A and 4B. Eleven V. dahliae isolates from Adana, Adiyaman, Balikesir, Diyarbakir, Konya and Mersin provinces were assigned to VCG2B, two from Mersin province to VCG2A, one from Balikesir province to VCG4B and two from Manisa and Aydin provinces to VCG1A whereas VCG3 and VCG4A were not defined among the isolates. To reveal a possible correlation between VCG and pathogenic group in V. dahliae, pathogenicity of all isolates representing the four VCGs were tested on three watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus cultivars 'Crimson Sweet', 'Crimson Tide' and 'Crisby') and a susceptible cotton cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Cukurova 1518') in a greenhouse. In watermelon cultivars, most VCG2B isolates caused significantly more severe symptoms than VCG4B, VCG2A and VCG1A. VCG4B isolate was more virulent on all watermelon cultivars than both VCG1A isolates. The isolates within VCG2A and VCG1A caused similar virulence patterns on 'Crimson Sweet' and 'Crimson Tide' cultivars but for 'Crisby' VCG1A did not cause any leaf symptom. Virulence to watermelon cultivars varied only among the isolates within VCG2B. Significant differences in virulence to cotton were observed between isolates from different VCGs except the similarity between VCG2A and VCG4B. The results expose that the population of V. dahliae from watermelon in Turkey is heterogeneous (four different VCGs among 16 isolates) but VCG2B seems to be a more specialized form for this host in Turkey.Öğe VOLATILE COMPOUNDS AND SENSORY PROPERTIES IN VARIOUS MELONS, WHICH WERE CHOSEN FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES AND DIFFERENT LOCATIONS, GROWN IN TURKEY(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Guler, Zehra; Karaca, Fatih; Yetisir, HalitGas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry using a static head space technique was applied to analyze the volatile aromatic compounds of various melons collected from different locations in Turkey. Some physicochemical and sensory analyses were also made. A total of 33 volatile compounds were identified. Differences in the physicochemical and sensory properties of various Turkish melon samples were observed. The multivariate analyses by the volatile compounds separated the three varieties into groups successfully. The most abundant volatile compounds as mean value in all melon varieties were ethyl acetate (22.10%), acetaldehyde (13.65%), and ethanol (23.25%). The results showed that Cantaloupe melons were more preferred by panelists, which had relatively high levels of esters being responsible for strong fruit flavor, like melon, as well as high total soluble solid content and low titratable acidity compared with Inodorus and Simama.Öğe Volatile compounds in the peel and flesh of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grafted onto bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Guler, Zehra; Karaca, Fatih; Yetisir, HalitThe objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the peel and flesh of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar 'Cengelkoy' grafted onto different bottle gourd rootstocks, as VOCs play an essential role in fruit quality. Three genotypes of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria; '33-35', '33-41' and '46-03') were chosen as being representative of Turkish bottle gourd germplasm. The VOCs in each rootstock-scion combination were analysed using carboxen-divinylbenzene-polydimethylsiloxane fibres for solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The VOCs (Z)-6-nonenol (21.4 - 28.6%), (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienol (3.2 - 13.0%), (E,Z)-3,6-nonadienol (1.9 - 7.1%), 1-nonanol (4.9 - 7.2%), (E)-2-nonenal (3.9 - 6.6%), (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal (5.7 - 6.9%), (Z)-6-nonenal (3.6 - 5.4%), (E)-2-hexenal (0.9 - 4.4%), (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (3.2 - 3.5%), and hexanal (1.9 - 3.6%) were the most abundant compounds found in cucumber peel. Grafting had a significant (P <= 0.05) effect on the percentage composition of the major VOCs in peel. (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal (34.3 - 41.5%), (E)-2-nonenal (15.5 - 19.9%), (Z)-6-nonenal (5.9 - 8.0%), (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienol (2.6 - 8.4%), (Z)-6-nonenol (2.7 - 7.9%), 3-decyne (2.1 - 3.4%), and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienol (1.9 - 5.7%) were the most significant volatiles in cucumber flesh. Of these compounds, (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal, (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one, and 3-decyne were identified as cucumber VOCs for the first time. The results showed that the percentage composition of VOCs in the peel and flesh of cucumbers grafted onto bottle gourd '33-41' were closest to those in ungrafted control cucumber, 'Cengelkoy'. Therefore, Turkish bottle gourd genotype '33-41' has high potential as a rootstock for cucumer grafting.Öğe Volatile organic compounds in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) grafted onto 21 local and two commercial bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks(Headley Brothers Ltd, 2014) Guler, Zehra; Candir, Elif; Yetisir, Haut; Karaca, Fatih; Solmaz, IlknurVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are responsible for flavour development in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The objective of this study was to investigate the rootstock effects of 21 local bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] accessions collected from the Mediterranean region (Turkey) on the concentrations of VOCs in watermelon over 2 years. The watermelon cultivar 'Crimson Tide' was used as the scion and two commercial bottle gourd rootstocks were also used for comparison. The VOCs in each rootstock-scion combination were analysed using static headspace (SHS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 24 VOCs were identified in watermelon fruit, including 11 aldehydes, seven alcohols, four ketones, one heterocyclic compound, and one acid. Acetaldehyde (25.9 - 39.5% of the total peak areas), propanal (5.0 - 8.3%), 2-propanone (2.5 - 4.9%), pentanal (2.1 - 3.6%), hexenal (14.5 - 22.6%), (E)-2-hexenal (0.4 - 2.3%), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (10.0 - 19.05%), nonanal (1.6 - 4.4%), (Z)-6-nonenal (4.0 - 9.8%), (E)-2-nonenal (0.6 - 2.0%), (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (2.1 - 3.7%), (Z)-6-nonenol (1.0 - 3.2%), and (E,Z)-3,6-nonadienol (1.0 - 3.7%) were the most abundant VOCs found in all watermelon scions. There was no significant effect (P >= 0.05) of rootstock on the concentrations of acetaldehyde, propanal, pentanal, heptanal, ethanol, 1-pentanol, 2-propanone, 2-pentyl furan, or acetic acid. Propanal, 2-propanone, and acetic acid were identified as VOCs in watermelon for the first time. Hexanal, (Z)-6-nonanal, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one concentrations were strongly affected by rootstock. The results showed that the local bottle gourd accessions 07-06 and 31-09, in particular, were the most promising genotypes in terms of producing favourable VOCs. Except for the local bottle gourd accessions 33-35, 01-17, and 07-04, the other 18 gourds accessions had high potential as rootstocks for breeding programmes in watermelon with regard to desirable VOC concentrations. Rootstock 31-09 should be considered for commercial production in terms of improved disease resistance, fruit yield, and fruit quality.
