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    The Collective Phallic Gaze, the Evil Eye and the Serpent in John Keats' Lamia and Yashar Kemal's To Crush the Serpent
    (Rector Ciu Cyprus Int Univ, 2020) Karadas, Firat
    The gaze is not only an act of seeing but also a collective control and oppressive mechanism used for suppressing deviations from the standard social norm. The evil gaze is the one that should be subjugated by the sacred patriarchal gaze and be pushed outside the reach of social life for the welfare of humanity. In anthropological terms, the most common emblems of the evil gaze are the evil eye and the serpent. The English Romantic poet John Keats' Lamia, a narrative poem relating a mythological serpentine woman's love affair with a young man named Lycius, depicts how the collective gaze operates for her destruction in the patriarchal world of Corinth, the term collective gaze being employed from Durkheim. Of particular importance is Apollonius' gaze, which plays a crucial role in Lamia's destruction. In Yashar Kemal's To Crush the Serpent the aim of the gaze is crushing the serpent, that is, Esme, and most characters-especially Esme's mother-in-law-use all the patriarchal strategies in a village setting to persuade Hasan, Esme's son, to kill her. The article discusses the historical, religious, and mythological significance of the gaze, its collective function, and its relation to or mythical/historical enmity with the feminine within the framework of Keats' Lamia and Yasar Kemal's To Crush the Serpent.
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    The Queer-Cyberspace of Jeanette Winterson's' The Powerbook: A Critique of St. Augustine's Metaphysical Philosophy
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Karadas, Firat
    Jeanette Winterson's The PowerBook is about the cyber and story-making experience of Ali/Alix, the main character and the narrator of many interwoven narratives who experiments with time and retells well-known historical literary texts in the novel. Toward the end of the novel, while he knots himself into time, Ali calls to mind St. Augustine and thinks that St. Augustine might be right when he said the universe was not created in time but with time. St. Augustine, one of the most important Fathers of Christianity whose writings had a great impact on shaping the Western prejudices about sex and the body, is also important for his ideas of time. In spite of the short reference to St. Augustine in The PowerBook, Ali/Alix's story-telling experience can be read not only as a deconstruction and encarnalization of St Augustine's metaphysical philosophy, but also as reconstructing his personal life and philosophy in the queer spatio-temporal cyber world of the novel.
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    THE SERPENT'S FANGS EMBEDDED IN THE HEEL: THE DIALOGIZATION OF AUTHORITY IN NAMIK KEMAL'S INTIBAH
    (Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2020) Karadas, Firat
    The Turkish novelist Namik Kemal's Intibah indicates how a character struggles against misrepresentation. In the novel, Ali Bey, a 22-year old educated boy, meets a very beautiful woman, whose name is Mehpeykey, as he walks in Camlica, and he falls in love with her. The narrator says that Mehpeyker does not have a virtuous background and he does his utmost to make the addressee hate her and believe that she is not a suitable partner for Ali Bey. However, the reader interestingly sympathizes with her throughout the novel because with her speech and actions Mehpeyker represents herself differently from what the narrator says about her. The present article studies the relationship and struggle between the narrator's and Mehpeyker's discourses based on the theory of the Russian critic Mikhail Bakhtin. Since in Intibah the narrator's discourse appears as patriarchal discourse and another's word as femininity which struggles against misrepresentation by patriarchy, a feminist reading of Bakhtin is also employed in the analysis of the novel. In Intibah Mehpeyker represents the voice of the other that disseminates the male authority of the narrator.