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    Do antidiabetic drugs prevent the transformation of Acanthamoeba trophozoite into cyst form?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Ozpinar, Necati; Karaman, Ulku; Ozpinar, Hulya; Dag, Seker
    This study examines the effects of three different drugs with metformin, acarbose and pioglitazone active ingredients used for antidiabetic purposes on Acanthamoeba cysts and trophozoites. Cultures of A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts were prepared to test the anti-amoebic activity of metformin, acarbose and pioglitazone. Cultures were then prepared for A. castellanii cyst and trophozoite forms and parasites were exposed to different concentrations (0.750 mg/mL, 0.375 mg/mL, 0.186 mg/mL and 0.093 mg/mL) of metformin, acarbose and pioglitazone. As a result of the study, the reproductive potential suppressive effects and conversion from trophozoite form to cyst form of all three substances on A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts were determined. Parasites were counted at 12, 24 and 48 hours in the cell counter after staining with trypan blue. In comparison of the effects of metformin, acarbose and pioglitazone used in the study on A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts, it was observed that all three substances were statistically effective against cysts and trophozoites at a concentration of 0.750 mg/mL. Furthermore, it was determined that all concentrations of the three active substances included in the study significantly decreased the rate of cyst formation even at the end of the 7th day. In this context, it was determined that all three substances have amebicidal effects, and they significantly inhibit the transformation of A. castellanii trophozoites to cyst form. It is thought that these active substances, which are currently used as anti-diabetic, can be used in combination with other drugs in A. castellanii infections based on our study findings.
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    PARASITE CONTAMINATION AND DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP. BY REAL-TIME PCR IN VEGETABLES SOLD IN BULANCAK OPEN-AIR MARKET IN GIRESUN PROVINCE
    (Publ House Bulgarian Acad Sci, 2022) Kulcu, Duygu Balpetek; Karaman, Ulku; Ozpinar, Necati
    In the present study, 192 vegetable samples were collected from the openair market by random sampling method between September 2019 and September 2020. The samples were analyzed by native-lugol, sedimentation, trichrome, modified trichrome, modified Kinyoun acid-fast and PCR methods. Data were given as percentage and mean. Descriptive statistics of the data set were expressed as mean +/- standard deviation (SD). The differences between the means were compared with the Pearson's Chi-Square, Kruskal-Wallis and Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square test. P value of <= 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Parasites were found in all collected vegetables and Cryptosporidium spp. (32.29%), Entamoeba coli (19.27%), Ascaris spp. (12.50%), Giardia intestinalis (9.38%), and Toxocara spp. (4.69%) were detected at the highest rate as a result of the analysis. As a result of the study, the presence of parasites was detected in readyto-eat vegetables collected from Bulancak open-air market in Giresun province. Parasites can be transmitted by eating vegetables that are undercooked, uncooked, or not well washed. In this direction, it can be recommended to take effective washing measures before consuming fresh vegetables, to apply raw fertilizer and to educate the public about their application in order to prevent parasitic infection that may arise from contaminated vegetables.