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ACCUMULATION AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN VEGETABLES GROWN IN AMIK PLAIN, ANTAKYA, TURKEY
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Karanlik, Sema; Agca, Necat; Dogan, Kemal
The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb were determined in the edible parts of onion, lettuce, parsley, spinach, carrot, and potato grown in Amik Plain. Average Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb concentrations were found to be 20.8, 101.8, 7.23, 32.9, 1.23, 1.82, 1.48, and 0.85 mg kg(-1), respectively. Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni levels were found within the maximum allowable limits (MAL) identified by WHO/FAO, whereas Cd in all vegetable samples, Pb in 83% and Cr in 27% of the samples were determined to be higher than MAL. Health risk assessment was carried out by using Daily Intake of Metals (DIM) and Health Risk Index (HRI). The highest DIM value was found in the consumption of spinach followed by parsley, lettuce, onion, carrot, and potato respectively. However, all of the estimated DIM values for Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb were found to be much lower than the oral reference doses (RfD). The HRI values were found to be lower than the values for heavy metals. It can be assumed that heavy metal intake due to vegetable consumption in the region does not pose any significant risk for human health currently. Considering that people consume not only vegetables in nutrition, HRI values should be determined for each food group and evaluated together.
Accumulation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Amik Plain, Antakya, Turkey
(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Karanlik, Sema; Agca, Necat; Dogan, Kemal
The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb were determined in the edible parts of onion, lettuce, parsley, spinach, carrot, and potato grown in Amik Plain. Average Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb concentrations were found to be 20.8, 101.8, 7.23, 32.9, 1.23, 1.82, 1.48, and 0.85 mg kg-1, respectively. Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni levels were found within the maximum allowable limits (MAL) identified by WHO/FAO, whereas Cd in all vegetable samples, Pb in 83% and Cr in 27% of the samples were determined to be higher than MAL. Health risk assessment was carried out by using Daily Intake of Metals (DIM) and Health Risk Index (HRI). The highest DIM value was found in the consumption of spinach followed by parsley, lettuce, onion, carrot, and potato respectively. However, all of the estimated DIM values for Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb were found to be much lower than the oral reference doses (RfD). The HRI values were found to be lower than the values for heavy metals. It can be assumed that heavy metal intake due to vegetable consumption in the region does not pose any significant risk for human health currently. Considering that people consume not only vegetables in nutrition, HRI values should be determined for each food group and evaluated together. © by PSP
Assessment of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metal pollution in groundwater from Amik Plain, southern Turkey
(Springer, 2014) Agca, Necat; Karanlik, Sema; Odemis, Berkant
Amik Plain is one of the most important agricultural areas of Turkey. Because the groundwater resources have been used not only for irrigation but also for drinking purpose, groundwater resources play a vital role in this area. However, there exist no or a very limited number of studies on groundwater quality and its physicochemical and heavy metal composition for Amik Plain. This study aimed to assess groundwater of Amik Plain in terms of human health and suitability for irrigation based on physicochemical variables, heavy metals, and their spatial distribution. A total of 92 groundwater samples were collected from wells and were analyzed for temperature (T), salt content (SC), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4 (+)), nitrate (NO3 (-)), and phosphorus (P) and such heavy metals as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The temperature, SC, DO, NH4 (+), and NO3 (-) parameters were measured in situ immediately with YSI Professional plus instrument (Pro Plus). Water depth was taken from owner of the wells. Heavy metal analyses were carried out in triplicate using inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The ICP-AES was calibrated for all the metals by running different concentrations of standard solutions. Descriptive statistical analyses were calculated to characterize distribution of physicochemical properties and heavy metal contents of groundwater. Correlation analysis was used to assess the possible relationships among heavy metals and physicochemical properties of the groundwater. Spatial variability in groundwater parameters were determined by geostatistical methods. Result shows that the highest and lowest coefficient of variation occurred for NO3 (-) and T, respectively. Mean water table depth was 92.1 m, and only 12 of all the samples exceeded the desirable limit of 50 mg/L for NO3 (-) content. The metal concentrations showed a dominance in the order of Fe > Mn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Zn > Co > Cd > Pb. All the samples had much higher Cd concentration than the guideline value for drinking water while Cu and Fe concentrations were below the guideline limit recommended by WHO.
Combined Use of Green Manure and Farmyard Manure Allows Better Nutrition of Organic Lettuce
(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2014) Caliskan, Sevgi; Yetisir, Halit; Karanlik, Sema
Organic crop production has become a major business due to rising consumer demand, price premiums and increasing market opportunities. A field experiment was conducted to compare organic and conventional production systems by evaluating growth, yield and mineral content of lettuce leaves. Six organic productions systems, green manure (GM), farmyard manure (FYM), commercial organic fertilizer (COP) and their combinations were compared with conventional production system (CPS). A non-fertilized control treatment was also included. Plant growth and yield were found higher in the organic production system compare to conventional production system. The lowest plant growth and yield were obtained in the control treatment. Values of vitamin C content of lettuce grown in the organic production systems were higher than those of the conventional production system. The highest lettuce yield (71.8 and 76.5 t ha(-1)) was obtained with GM + FYM treatment. The results indicated that combined use of green manure and farmyard manure can be successfully used in organic lettuce production.
Differences in dry matter production, chlorophyll and ion content of bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, oat and rye under salinity stress
(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2021) Karanlik, Sema; Aslanyurek, Dervis
Salt tolerances of different cereals (bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dagdas), durum wheat (Triticum durum L. cv. Selcuklu), barley (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Kiral), rye (Secale cereale L., cv. Aslim) and oat (Arena sativa L. cv. Faik Bey) were evaluated under climate controlled con-ditions. Following the germination, seedlings trans-ferred to aerated nutrient solution. On the 6th day, the plants were exposed to 0, 100, 150 mM NaCl with a gradual increase. On the 8th day of saliniza-tion, the chlorophyll content was measured, shoots and roots were harvested separately. Chlorophyll-a and Chlorophyll-b were tended to increase with rise in salinity, except barley. Chlorophyll-a+b increased in bread and durum wheat, while it decreased in barley and oat with increasing NaCl level. Salinity caused more significant reduction in dry matter production (DMP) in oat, durum wheat and rye, than in barley and bread wheat. Salinity led to an increase in sodium (Na) concentration and a decrease in potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentration. Oat had the highest shoot in Na concentration, followed by barley, durum wheat, rye and bread wheat. The highest root in Na concentration was obtained in rye, followed by barley, oat, durum wheat and bread wheat. The decreases in shoot K concentration were more severe in oat, barley and durum wheat, than in bread wheat and rye. While bread wheat had the highest K/Na ratio, the lowest rate was recorded in oat. The highest Ca/Na ratio was obtained in bread wheat and rye, while the lowest was found in barley. Results showed that bread wheat is more tolerant to salinity than other cereals and was followed by barley and rye. Oat was found to be the most sensitive to salinity stress, followed by durum wheat. © 2020 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.
DIFFERENCES IN DRY MATTER PRODUCTION, CHLOROPHYLL AND ION CONTENT OF BREAD WHEAT, DURUM WHEAT, BARLEY, OAT AND RYE UNDER SALINITY STRESS
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Karanlik, Sema; Aslanyurek, Dervis
Salt tolerances of different cereals (bread wheat (Triticum aestirum L. cv, Dagdas), durum wheat (Triticum durum L. cv, Selcuklu), barley (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Kiral), rye (Secale cereale L., cv. Aslim) and oat (Avena saliva L, cv. Faik Bey) were evaluated under climate controlled conditions. Following the germination, seedlings transferred to aerated nutrient solution. On the 6th day, the plants were exposed to 0, 100, 150 mM NaCl with a gradual increase. On the 8th day of salinization, the chlorophyll content was measured, shoots and roots were harvested separately. Chlorophyll-a and Chlorophyll-b were tended to increase with rise in salinity, except barley. Chlorophyll-a+b increased in bread and durum wheat, while it decreased in barley and oat with increasing NaCl level. Salinity caused more significant reduction in dry matter production (DMP) in oat, durum wheat and rye, than in barley and bread wheat. Salinity led to an increase in sodium (Na) concentration and a decrease in potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentration. Oat had the highest shoot in Na concentration, followed by barley, durum wheat, rye and bread wheat. The highest root in Na concentration was obtained in rye, followed by barley, oat, durum wheat and bread wheat. The decreases in shoot K concentration were more severe in oat, barley and durum wheat, than in bread wheat and rye. While bread wheat had the highest K/Na ratio, the lowest rate was recorded in oat, The highest Ca/Na ratio was obtained in bread wheat and rye, while the lowest was found in barley. Results showed that bread wheat is more tolerant to salinity than other cereals and was followed by barley and rye. Oat was found to be the most sensitive to salinity stress, followed by durum wheat.
EFFECTS OF ZINC AND POTASSIUM NUTRITION ON SALINITY STRESS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES: GROWTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Karanlik, Sema; Tiryakioglu, Murat; Agca, Necat
To evaluate the role of zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) in alleviating the detrimental effects of salinity, two bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.; Dagdas and ES-14) and two durum wheat (Triticum durum L.;Kunduru-1149 and Selcuklu-97)genotypes were grown in nutrient solution having different Zn (2x10(-8) M and 10(-6) M) and K levels (100 mu M and 2 mM), under controlled conditions. After 7 days, nutrient solution was salinized by three NaCl levels (0, 75 and 150 mM). Plants were harvested at the 15th day of growth. Increasing NaCl levels decreased dry matter production; these decreases were greater under Zn and K deficient conditions. Sodium concentrations of shoots and roots were increased with increasing NaCl levels while dry matter production, K, Ca and Zn concentrations, as well as K/Na and Ca/Na ratios were decreased. Supplemental Zn and/or K treatments increased the dry matter production and lowered the Na concentrations, especially at the highest NaCl level. Supplemental Zn led to decreases in IgNa ratios at 0 and 75 mM NaCl but to an increase in K/Na ratio at 150 mM NaCl level in the shoots. Supplemental K, both alone or in combination with Zn, increased the K concentration and K/Na ratio. In general, calcium concentrations of plants were decreased by Zn and/or K supplements at all salinity levels. Zinc concentrations were increased with the supplemental Zn but slightly decreased with supplemental K alone. Although the decreasing rates in dry matter production because of NaCl were more severe in durum than bread wheat genotypes, increases in dry matter production by supplemental Zn and K were higher in durum than bread wheat genotypes. The results showed that supplemental Zn and/or K enhanced salt tolerance in wheat genotypes which was ascribed to decreased Na and increased K concentrations with a resultant improvement in K/Na ratio.
Effects of zinc and potassium nutrition on salinity stress in different wheat genotypes: Growth and nutritional status
(2013) Karanlik, Sema; Tiryakio?lu, Murat; A?ca, Necat
To evaluate the role of zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) in alleviating the detrimental effects of salinity, two bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.; Da?daş and ES-14) and two durum wheat (Triticum durum L.;Kunduru-1149 and Selçuklu-97)genotypes were grown in nutrient solution having different Zn (2x108 M and 106 M) and K levels (100 ?M and 2 mM), under controlled conditions. After 7 days, nutrient solution was salinized by three NaCl levels (0, 75 and 150 mM). Plants were harvested at the 15th day of growth. Increasing NaCl levels decreased dry matter production; these decreases were greater under Zn and K deficient conditions. Sodium concentrations of shoots and roots were increased with increasing NaCl levels while dry matter production, K, Ca and Zn concentrations, as well as K/Na and Ca/Na ratios were decreased. Supplemental Zn and/or K treatments increased the dry matter production and lowered the Na concentrations, especially at the highest NaCl level. Supplemental Zn led to decreases in K/Na ratios at 0 and 75 mM NaCl but to an increase in K/Na ratio at 150 mM NaCl level in the shoots. Supplemental K, both alone or in combination with Zn, increased the K concentration and K/Na ratio. In general, calcium concentrations of plants were decreased by Zn and/or K supplements at all salinity levels. Zinc concentrations were increased with the supplemental Zn but slightly decreased with supplemental K alone. Although the decreasing rates in dry matter production because of NaCl were more severe in durum than bread wheat genotypes, increases in dry matter production by supplemental Zn and K were higher in durum than bread wheat genotypes. The results showed that supplemental Zn and/or K enhanced salt tolerance in wheat genotypes which was ascribed to decreased Na and increased K concentrations with a resultant improvement in K/Na ratio.
EFFECTS OF ZN AND K NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON PROTEIN CONTENT, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYME ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SALINITY STRESS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Karanlik, Sema; Tiryakioglu, Murat; Ergun, Nuray
A solution culture experiment was conducted with different zinc (Zn) (2x10(-8) M and 10(-6) M) and potassium (K) (100 mu M and 2 mM) level using two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Dagdas and ES-14 and two durum wheat (Triticum durum L.), Kunduru-1149 and Selcuklu-97 genotypes. After 7 days, nutrient solution was salinized by two NaCl levels (0 and 150 mM NaCl) and the effect of Zn and K supplements on protein content, lipid peroxidation (LPX) level, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were evaluated on the 8th day after salinization. Salinity stress led to significant increases in LPX and decreases in protein content. Salinity-induced levels of LPX were significantly reduced by Zn and K supplements and especially by Zn-K supplement in combine. This effect was more significant in durum wheat genotypes. Zinc and K supplements either alone or together elevated the protein content of plants; however this effect was more significant under Zn supplements and in durum wheat genotypes. It was found that, salinity stress significantly enhanced the activities of APX and CAT. Under salinity stress, Zn deficiency significantly stimulated activities of APX and CAT however, such an effect was not found with K. Results showed that detrimental effects of salinity stress in plants could be mitigated with K and Zn supplements by limiting the lipid peroxidation and protein degradation.
Effects of Zn and K nutritional status on protein content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities under the salinity stress in different wheat genotypes
(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2014) Karanlik, Sema; Tiryakio?lu, Murat; Ergiin, Nuray
A solution culture experiment was conducted with different zinc (Zn) (2X10-8M and 10-6 M) and potassium (K) (100 ?M and 2 mM) level using two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L), Da?daş and ES-14 and two durum wheat (Triticum durum L), Kunduru-1149 and Selçuklu-97 genotypes. After 7 days, nutrient solution was salinized by two NaCl levels (0 and 150 mM NaCl) and the effect of Zn and K supplements on protein content, lipid peroxidation (LPX) level, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were evaluated on the 8th day after salinization. Salinity stress led to significant increases in LPX and decreases in protein content. Salinity-induced levels of LPX were significantly reduced by Zn and K supplements and especially by Zn-K supplement in combine. This effect was more significant in durum wheat genotypes. Zinc and K supplements either alone or together elevated the protein content of plants; however this effect was more significant under Zn supplements and in durum wheat genotypes. It was found that, salinity stress significantly enhanced the activities of APX and CAT. Under salinity stress, Zn deficiency significantly stimulated activities of APX and CAT however, such an effect was not found with K. Results showed that detrimental effects of salinity stress in plants could be mitigated with K and Zn supplements by limiting the lipid peroxidation and protein degradation. © by PSP.
Macronutrient concentration and remobilization in spring wheat organs during grain filling
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Tiryakioglu, Murat; Yildirim, Mehmet; Karanlik, Sema
This study was conducted with 4 bread wheat genotypes to determine the macronutrient content in different plant organs during the grain filling period. Macronutrient contents such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were determined in lower stems, peduncles, lower leaves, flag leaves, rachises, florets, and grains. High genotype effects were found for all macronutrients and plant organs. N, P, K, and Mg decreased during grain filling in all plant parts except the grain. The rate of decrease varied depending on plant organs and nutrients. Grain nutrient concentration, except nitrogen content, increased up to physiological maturity. In contrast to the other nutrients, Ca content increased or remained stable depending on the plant organs. The macronutrient remobilization order from plant organs to grain was Mg < P < N < K <= Ca, and all nutrients were accepted as removable at grain development stages. Remobilization models of macronutrients in grains can be valuable for detecting high-capacity plants for nutrient accumulation in stressful environments. Relationships among macronutrients and their relationships with plant organs can be used, by way of indirect selection, in wheat breeding efforts.
Mapping of total nitrogen, available phosphorous and potassium in Amik Plain, Turkey
(Springer, 2010) Uygur, Veli; Irvem, Ahmet; Karanlik, Sema; Akis, Rifat
Soil nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium concentrations accurately revealed spatial distribution maps and site-specific management-prone areas through inverse distance weighting (IDW) method in the Amik Plain, Turkey. Spatial mapping of soil nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium is a very severe need to develop an economically and environmentally sound soil management plans. The objectives of this study were (a) to map spatial variability of total N, available P, and exchangeable-K content of Amik Plain's soils and (b) to locate problematic areas requiring site specific management strategies for the nutrient elements. Spatial analyses of Kjeldhal-N, Olsen-P, and exchangeable-K concentrations of the soils were performed by the IDW method. Mean N content for surface soils (0-20 cm) was 1.38 g kg(-1), available P was 28.19 kg ha(-1) and exchangeable-K was 690 kg ha(-1) with the differences between maximum and minimum being 7.63 g N kg(-1), 242 kg P ha(-1), and 2,082 kg K ha(-1). For the surface soil, site-specific management-prone areas of Kjeldahl-N, Olsen-P, and exchangeable-K for low and high + very high'' classes were found to be 20.1-17.8%, 24.7-10.0%, and 4.1-39.6%, respectively. Consequently, lands with excessive nutrient elements require preventive-leaching practices, whereas nutrient-poor areas need fertilizer applications in favor of increasing plant production.
Micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) concentration and remobilization in spring wheat organs during grain filling
(Gaurav Publications, 2013) Tiryakioglu, Murat; Yildirim, Mehmet; Karanlik, Sema; Ergun, Nuray
The trials were conducted during 2008-09 and 2009-10 wheat growing seasons. Four wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in field conditions to study Fe, Mn and Zn content in different plant organs during the grain-filling period. Micronutrient contents of plant organs including lower stems, peduncle, lower leaves, flag leaf, rachis, florets and grain were measured at four stages between anthesis and physiological maturity. Analysis of variance showed high genotype and measurement stage effects for all plant organs. Fe contents in stems declined during grain filling, whereas it increased for rachis, florets and grain, and remained constant in leaves. Mn content of plant parts stayed generally constant until grain maturity, except in stems. Zn sharply decreased during grain filling for all plant parts, except grain. The micronutrients remobilization order from plant organs to grain was Zn
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BORON CONTENT AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN AMIK PLAIN, SOUTHERN TURKEY
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2011) Agca, Necat; Karanlik, Sema
This study was aimed to determine spatial variability of boron (B) contents and some physical and chemical properties of the soils and to assess their spatial distribution patterns in Amik Plain. A total of 264 samples from surface and subsurface soil were collected from 132 sites in the study area. Soil samples were analyzed for B, pH, total soluble salt, CaCO3, particle size distribution, and organic matter (only in the topsoil). Boron content was found to vary between 0.13 and 5.29 mg/kg. Except for one, none of the soil samples contained more than 5 mg/kg which is a widely accepted critical concentration value for B toxicity in plants. Soil pH had the minimum variability and soluble salt had the maximum variability at the depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. The soil properties indicated a strong spatial dependence except for pH at 0-20 cm depth and sand content at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths which showed moderate spatial dependence (nugget ratio ranging from 0.317 to 0.468).
Spatial distribution of boron content and some physical and chemical properties of soils in Amik Plain, Southern Turkey
(2011) A?ca, Necat; Karanlik, Sema
This study was aimed to determine spatial variability of boron (B) contents and some physical and chemical properties of the soils and to assess their spatial distribution patterns in Amik Plain. A total of 264 samples from surface and subsurface soil were collected from 132 sites in the study area. Soil samples were analyzed for B, pH, total soluble salt, CaCO 3, particle size distribution, and organic matter (only in the topsoil). Boron content was found to vary between 0.13 and 5.29 mg/kg. Except for one, none of the soil samples contained more than 5 mg/kg which is a widely accepted critical concentration value for B toxicity in plants. Soil pH had the minimum variability and soluble salt had the maximum variability at the depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. The soil properties indicated a strong spatial dependence except for pH at 0-20 cm depth and sand content at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths which showed moderate spatial dependence (nugget ratio ranging from 0.317 to 0.468). © by PSP.
Spatial distribution of heavy metals content in soils of Amik Plain (Hatay, Turkey)
(Springer, 2011) Karanlik, Sema; Agca, Necat; Yalcin, Mehmet
The purpose of the study was to investigate the total and bio-available contents of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb) and to determine their spatial variability in the Amik Plain, Turkey. Samples of surface and subsurface soil were collected at 132 sites in the research area. All of the total metal concentrations except Ni were considerably lower than their maximum allowable concentrations. Mean available Pb concentrations at both depths were above the permissible limits, while the other metal concentrations were within the proposed limits. Semivariograms of all the total metal contents, pH, and available Ni and Pb content were best fitted to spherical models, while available Cd and Co contents were best fitted to exponential models. Block kriging was used to interpolate values at unmeasured locations, generating maps of spatial variation for each heavy metal and pH.
Variations between the physiological responses of bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, rye and oat under salinity stress
(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Karanlik, Sema; Aslanyurek, Dervis
Physiological responses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dagdas), durum wheat (Triticum durum L. cv. Selcuklu), barley (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Kiral), rye (Secale cereale L., cv. Aslim) and oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Faik Bey) to salinity stress were researched. After the germinating in perlite, seedlings were transferred to pots with nutrient solution. At 6th day of growth, the plants were exposed to 0, 100, 150 mM NaCl with gradual increases. On the 8th day of salt treatment, leaves were sampled to analyze protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidative enzyme activities (ascorbate peroxidase-APX, and catalase-CAT). Salinity stress remarkably increased the MDA content and the antioxidative enzymes activities, but decreased protein contents. The highest average MDA accumulation was determined in rye (3289 nmol.g-1 protein), while the lowest was recorded in bread wheat (1125 nmol.g"1 protein). The highest increase in MDA was found in rye, followed by oats, durum, barley and bread wheat. The most severe decrease in protein content was found in rye, barley, bread wheat, durum wheat and oat, respectively at 150 mM NaCl. Antioxidative enzyme activities increased due to an increase in salinity. While the highest increase in APX activity was determined in barley, the highest increase in CAT activity was observed in oats. It was concluded that increased enzyme activities have a significant effect in alleviating oxidative damage, caused by salinity stress with important variations among the cereal species. © by PSP
VARIATIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF BREAD WHEAT, DURUM WHEAT, BARLEY, RYE AND OAT UNDER SALINITY STRESS
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Karanlik, Sema; Aslanyurek, Dervis
Physiological responses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dagdas), durum wheat (Triticum durum L. cv. Selcuklu), barley (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Kiral). rye (Secale cereale L., cv. Aslim) and oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Faik Bey) to salinity stress were researched. After the germinating in perlite, seedlings were transferred to pots with nutrient solution. At 6th day of growth, the plants were exposed to 0, 100, 150 mM NaCl with gradual increases. On the 8th day of salt treatment, leaves were sampled to analyze protein content. malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidative enzyme activities (ascorbate peroxidase-APX, and catalase-CAT). Salinity stress remarkably increased the MDA content and the antioxidative enzymes activities, hut decreased protein contents. The highest average MDA accumulation was determined in lye (3289 nmol.g(-1) protein), while the lowest was recorded in bread wheat (1125 nmol.g(-1) protein). The highest increase in MDA was found in rye; followed by oats, durum, barley and bread wheat. The most severe decrease in protein content was found in rye, barley, bread wheat, durum wheat and oat, respectively at 150 mM NaCl. Antioxidative enzyme activities increased due to an increase in salinity. While the highest increase in APX activity was determined in barley. the highest increase in CAT activity was observed in oats. It was concluded that increased enzyme activities have a significant effect in alleviating oxidative damage, caused by salinity stress with important variations among the cereal species.

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