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Öğe Dark green colored seeds increase the seed vigor and germination ability in dry green pea (Pisum Sativum L.)(2008) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kaya, Gamze; Kaya, Muharrem; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThree green-seeded dry pea genotypes cvs. 'Rondo', 'Carina' and 'Jof with each genotypes producing a mixture of light (L), medium (M) and dark (D) green seed at maturity were evaluated for their germination behavior and seedling growth for salinity tolerance. Electrical conductivities of NaCl solutions were 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 dS m-1. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of green pea seed coat color from light to dark green on germination ability and seedling growth under varying salinity conditions. The results revealed that increased salinity levels generally resulted in decreased measurement of all the traits but mean germination time was increased with higher salinity levels. Of the three genotypes, cv. Carina had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and the fastest mean germination time. Dark green colored seeds germinated faster than light ones. Additionally, the dark green colored seeds had the highest shoot and root length and fresh weight. The accelerated ageing (AA) and the electrical conductivity (EC) tests showed significant differences in seed vigor of cultivars and green color tones (p<0.01). The results of AA and EC tests confirmed that cv. Carina was superior to the others in terms of seed vigor. Additionally, the dark green seeds of the cultivars showed higher seed vigor than that of light and medium.. Our results suggest that cultivars with dark green colored seeds could be preferred on saline conditions due to their high seed vigor and seedling growth ability.Öğe DARK GREEN COLORED SEEDS INCREASE THE SEED VIGOR AND GERMINATION ABILITY IN DRY GREEN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2008) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kaya, Gamze; Kaya, Muharrem; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThree green-seeded dry pea genotypes cvs. 'Rondo', 'Carina' and 'Jof' with each genotypes producing a mixture of light (L), medium (M) and dark (D) green seed at maturity were evaluated for their germination behavior and seedling growth for salinity tolerance. Electrical conductivities of NaCl solutions were 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 dS m(-1). The objective of this study was to determine the influence of green pea seed coat color from light to dark green on germination ability and seedling growth under varying salinity conditions. The results revealed that increased salinity levels generally resulted in decreased measurement of all the traits but mean germination time was increased with higher salinity levels. Of the three genotypes, cv. Carina had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and the fastest mean germination time. Dark green colored seeds germinated faster than light ones. Additionally, the dark green colored seeds had the highest shoot and root length and fresh weight. The accelerated ageing (AA) and the electrical conductivity (EC) tests showed significant differences in seed vigor of cultivars and green color tones (p < 0.01). The results of AA and EC tests confirmed that cv. Carina was superior to the others in terms of seed vigor. Additionally, the dark green seeds of the cultivars showed higher seed vigor than that of light and medium. Our results suggest that cultivars with dark green colored seeds could be preferred on saline conditions due to their high seed vigor and seedling growth ability.Öğe Effects of NaCl on the germination, seedling growth and water uptake of triticale(2006) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kaya, Gamze; Çıkılı, Yakup; Çiftçi, Cemalettin YaşarTritikale’nin vejetatif gelişimi üzerine tuzluluğun etkileri yönündeki bilgilerin yetersizliği nedeniyle, yeni tescil edilen üç tritikale çeşidinde (Karma-2000, Presto ve Tatlıcak-97) tuza tolerans seviyelerini tespit amacıyla bu çalışma yürütülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, NaCl’nin çimlenme üzerine osmotik ya da toksik etkisi olup olmadığı da belli değildir. Bu araştırmada, tritikale çeşitlerine ait tohumların 2.4, 4.2, 5.9, 7.7, 10.6 ve 13.2 dS $m^{-1}$ elektriksel iletkenliğe sahip tuz streslerindeki çimlenme yüzdeleri, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları ile su alımları belirlenmiştir. Kök ve sürgünlerde $Na^+$ ve $Cl^-$ , tohumlarda $Na^+ , Cl^-$ ve $K^+$ ion alımları analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar artan NaCl dozları toplam çimlenme yüzdesinde önemli değişikliğe neden olmadan, ortalama çimlenme zamanını önemli şekilde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Farklı tuz konsantrasyonunda tohumların su alımı oranı değişmemiştir. Artan tuz konsantrasyonlarıyla kök ve sürgündeki $Na^+$ ionlarının konsantrasyonun arttığını, $K^+$ konsantrasyonun azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, çimlenmekte olan tohumlarda $Na^+$ ve $Cl^-$ oranları artarken, $K^+$ oranı azalmıştır. Karma-2000 çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre tuza daha toleranslı olduğu görülmüştür. Çimlenmedeki gecikme düşük su alımından çok tohumda biriken aşırı $K^+$ iyonunun etkisinden olduğu fakat toplam çimlenme yüzdesinin değişmediği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, NaCl’nin çimlenmeden sonraki gelişme dönemlerinde daha etkili olduğu söylenebilir.Öğe Interaction between seed size and NaCl on germination and early seedling growth of some Turkish cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(Zhejiang Univ, 2008) Kaya, Muharrem; Kaya, Gamze; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Atak, Mehmet; Saglam, Sevil; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Ciftci, Cemalettin YasarChickpea is an important food legume crop of Turkey and is largely grown for human consumption on low moisture or salt-affected soils. The objective of the study was to find the effects of NaCl stress at electrical conductivities of 4.5, 8.6, 12.7 and 16.3 dS/m and seed sizes (7, 8 and 9 mm) on germination and early seedling growth of three popular chickpea cultivars (AKN-97, Gokce and Uzunlu-99). Mean frequency of germination, germination time, germination index, root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight showed seed size-dependent responses of cultivars to salt stress. In general, small seeds germinated and grew more rapidly compared to medium and large seeds of the same cultivars against all levels of salt stress, with the best results in cultivar Uzunlu-99. No effect of NaCl treatments was observed on frequency of germination; however, a drastic decrease in early seedling growth was recorded at increased NaCl concentrations. Regression analysis results showed a significantly positive relationship (P < 0.01) between seed size and mean germination time, whereas a significantly negative relationship was recorded between seed size and germination index, root length, shoot length. Moreover, linear regression values apparently confirmed that increased seed size in each cultivar affected decreased germination index, root and shoot lengths with enhanced mean germination time. Thus, it was concluded that the use of small seeds could considerably reduce the production costs of chickpea in salt-affected soils.
