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Öğe Cost-Benefit Analyses of Feeding with Different Concentrate Feeds in Tuj (Tushin) Lambs(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Elmali, Dilek Aksu; Demir, Pinar; Kaya, IsmailIn this study, live body weight increase, feed consumption and feed conversion rates as well as cost-benefit analysis were investigated in Tuj lambs fed with concentrate feed containing different protein sources for the feeding period of 30, 60 and 90 days. 24 weaning Tuj breed male lambs at 3-3.5 months of age were used as the animal material. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups each consisting of 6 lambs, and each group was fed with concentrate feeds containing the same level of energy-protein from different protein sources. Meadow grass was used as roughage. After the acclimatization period, feed consumption, live body weight increase and feed conversion rates in the groups were determined at the end of 30-, 60- and 90-day periods. Total feed consumption, live body weight increase and feed conversion rates at 30-day period were 32.29 +/- 1.74, 6.13 +/- 0.39 and 5.43 +/- 0.18, at 60-day period were 69.55 +/- 3.96, 11.66 +/- 0.78 and 6.16 +/- 0.22, at 90-day period were 110.22 +/- 5.63, 16.40 +/- 1.03 and 6.92 +/- 0.22, respectively. Differences among periods were statistically significant (P<0.001). Among the groups fed with different concentrate feeds containing 4 different vegetative protein sources, results of cost analysis indicated that 90-day feeding and sunflower meal as the protein source should be utilized for the operational benefit.Öğe The Effect of Single and Combined Use of Probiotic and Humate in Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) Diet on Fatttening Performance and Carcass Parameters(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Sahin, Tarkan; Elmali, Dilek Aksu; Kaya, Ismail; Sari, Mehmet; Kaya, OzlemThis experiment was carried out to determine the both single and combined effects of humates (Farmagulator XP (TM)) and probiotics (Biosacc (TM)) in quail diets on fattening performance and carcass yields. A total of 300 one-day old Japanese Quails( Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used in this experiment. Animals were divided into one control group and three treatment groups containing 75 birds each. Each group was further divided into three replicates containing 25 birds each. The experimental period lasted for 35 days. The control group was fed with unsupplemented basal diets. The rations of treatment groups were supplemented with 1 g/kg Farmagulator XP (TM) (Group H), 0.5 g/kg Biosacc (TM) (Group B) and 1 g/kg Farmagulator XP (TM) + 0.5 g/kg Biosacc (TM) combination (Group H+B), respectively. At the end of the study there were no statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield (P>0.05). But, body weight scores were found higher at the 4th and 5th weeks in the group H (P<0.05). It is concluded that the use of probiotic and humic acid alone and combination has no additional effect on quail performance.Öğe The Effects of Grazing and Concentrate Supplementation at Pasture on Performance and Rumen Parameters in Lambs(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Kaya, Ismail; Sahin, Tarkan; Elmali, Dilek Aksu; Unal, YucelIn this study, the effect of grazing and concentrate supplementation on fattening performance, rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen concentration in lambs were investigated. The effect of vegetation period on nutrient content of the pasture were also determined. Eighteen Tushin lambs, 2-3 months age and weaned were used in experiment. Lambs were divided into three groups with their weight and each group consists of 6 lambs. Concentrate with 18.5% CP and 2.650 kcal/kg ME was fed to lambs in addition to pasture. Six lambs were only grazed (Pasture Group). Six lambs were supplemented 200 g concentrate with the pasture (Pasture + Suppl. I Group) and six lambs were supplemented 400 g concentrate with the pasture (Pasture + Suppl. II Group). Lambs were grazing on the pasture 8 h in a day. Supplementated feeds were given after the grazing and water was supplied two times in a day. The lamb body weight gains were determined monthly. The experiment was lasted three months There were no significant effect of grazing and supplementation on body weight of lambs (P > 0.05). Daily weight gain of grazing and supplementation groups were determined 153, 161, 183 g respectively. There were no significant differences in rumen fluid pH, TVFA and NH(3)-N between the grazing or supplementation groups (P > 0.05). Dry matter and CF contents of pasture were increased with respect to the vegetation period (31.33-74.89%, 29.08-34.68%), but CP was decreased from 11.01% to 6.25% (P < 0.05). As a result, supplementation of concentrate feed to grazing lambs on the pasture were no effect on performance and rumen parameters in lambs. On the other hand there were differences nutrient contents of pasture with vegetation.Öğe Estimation of Feed Intake and Digestibility in Grazing Cattle Using Alkane Indicator Technique(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014) Unal, Yucel; Kaya, Ismail; Sahin, Tarkan; Oncuer, Ahmet; Elmali, Dilek A.; Yenice, GulerThis study examined the estimation of the Dry-Matter Intake (DMIe) and Digestibility (DMDe) and the utilization of the pasture by grazing cattle in different seasons of the Kars region by using alkane indicator technique. Two experiments were carried out, and in the first experiment, 5 male cattle (mean LW. 244.5 +/- 2.3 kg) were used for 20 days. In first experiment, the precision and reliability of alkane indicator technique were determined by comparing the real Dry Matter Intake (DMI) and Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD) which was obtained by the controlled indoor study with DMIe and DMDe estimated by using alkane indicators. The second experiment was conducted with the pasturing cattle in meadow in 5 terms each lasted 20 days. Ten male cattle (mean LW. 164.9 +/- 1.5 kg) were divided in two groups, and different animals were used in each term. The best result for DMIe was obtained by using the alkanes C-33:C-32 couples in mixed (collected in 24 h) samples in indoor study (R-2:0.86). DMDe's calculated by using alkanes C-32 and C-33 were similar to the real DMD, whereas the DMDe's with alkane C-36 were underestimated (P<0.05). The results obtained with indoor study showed that alkane indicator capsules could be used successfully as a dosing method in alkane indicator method. According to the second experiment results, it was determined that the animals, grazing in the pasture in Kars conditions, were not able to get required nutrient from the pasture towards the end of August.
