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Öğe Acaricidal activities of the essential oils from several medicinal plants against the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae)(Elsevier, 2010) Sertkaya, Erdal; Kaya, Kamuran; Soylu, SonerA screening for pesticidal activity of plant extracts with some known medicinal attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for pest control. In the backdrop of recent revival of interest in developing plant-based insecticides, the present study was carried out to find an alternative to synthetic miticides currently used in the control of the devastating greenhouse pest, carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). The acaricidal activities of essential oils obtained from medicinal plants such as oregano (Origanum onites L), thyme (Thymbra spicata L subsp. spicata), lavender (Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas) and mint (Mentha spicata L.) were evaluated against the adults of T cinnabarinus under laboratory conditions. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were also determined by GC-MS analysis. Carvacrol was the principal compound present in the essential oils of thyme and oregano (70.93% and 68.23%, respectively), whereas alpha-thujone (65.78%) and carvone (59.35%) were the major constituents in lavender and mint essential oils, respectively. Volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were determined. Laboratory bioassay results indicated that all essential oils caused complete mortality of spider mites at different concentrations that are not phytotoxic to the host plant. Although all essential oils show acaricidal activities in a dose-dependent manner, essential oils of thyme and oregano have a marked acaricidal activity against carmine mite adults (at 5.0 and 7.5 mu g ml(-1) air concentrations, respectively). The mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of the essential oils of thyme, oregano, mint and lavender were 0.53, 0.69, 1.83 and 2.92 mu g ml(-1) air, respectively. The results of the present study concluded that plant essential oils could be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for pest control from the plants with medicinal values. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Assessment of susceptibility of different rootstock/variety combinations of pear to Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri and experimental transmission studies by Cacopsylla pyri(Springer, 2022) Caglayan, Kadriye; Gazel, Mona; Serce, Cigdem Ulubas; Kaya, KamuranIn this study, efficient transmission ways of 'Ca. P. pyri' which causes Pear Decline (PD) disease and response of different rootstock-scion combinations to this pathogen were evaluated. For graft transmission trials, fifty BA29 clonal rootstocks were grafted with buds taken from a 'Ca. P. pyri' infected pear tree, cv. Deveci, and the transmission rate was found to be 8% according to PCR/RFLP analyses. Growth retardation was detected in some grafted plants but the specific reddening symptoms for PD were not observed during the 2 years of observation. Cacopsylla pyri L., playing important role for the transmission of pear decline phytoplasma in open field, was used for experimental transmission trials. It has been shown that it can acquire phytoplasma (in 1 day) and transmit it (in 2 weeks to healthy pear saplings). Therefore it was revealed that C. pyri plays an important role in pear decline epidemiology. When the response of several rootstock-scion combinations to 'Ca. P. pyri'was evaluated over two vegetative periods by visual monitoring of symptom development and by PCR analyses, two Santa Maria and one Williams plants grafted on OHF333 and one Deveci plant grafted on P. communis were found infected by 'Ca. P. pyri', but no infection was detected in a local cv. Ankara grafted on any rootstocks. Among the commercial cultivars, our local cv. Deveci was found the most sensitive and cv. Ankara was the most tolerant. The use of healthy plant materials, as well as the appropriate control of the vector will play an important role in disease control.Öğe Chemical Compositions and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Several Medicinal Plants Against the Cotton Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2010) Sertkaya, Erdal; Kaya, Kamuran; Soylu, SonerChemical compositions and insecticidal activities of plant essential oils obtained from medicinal plants, thyme (Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and laurel (Laurus nobilis), were investigated against adults of cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.). Volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were used to determine insecticidal activities. Major compounds found in essential oils of thyme, rosemary, fennel and laurel were carvacrol (70.9 %) borneol (20.4 %), trans-anethole (82.8 %) and 1,8-cineole (35.5 %) respectively. Laboratory bioassay results indicated that all essential oils caused adult mortality of whitefly at different concentrations that are not phytotoxic to the host plant. All essential oils showed insecticidal activities in a dose-dependent manner. Essential oil of thyme had a marked insecticidal activity against whitefly adults. Adult viability was totally affected by thyme, laurel, fennel and rosemary at the concentrations of 5.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 30.0 mu g mL(-1) air, respectively. Estimated mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of the essential oils of thyme, laurel, fennel and rosemary were 0.44, 1.82, 7.06 and 2.86 mu g mL(-1) air, respectively. The results of the present study concluded that plant essential oils could be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for pest control from the plants with medicinal values.Öğe Chemical compositions and insecticidal activities of the essential oils from several medicinal plants against the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci(Chemical Publishing Co., 2010) Sertkaya, Erdal; Kaya, Kamuran; Soylu, SonerChemical compositions and insecticidal activities of plant essential oils obtained from medicinal plants, thyme (Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and laurel (Laurus nobilis), were investigated against adults of cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.). Volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were used to determine insecticidal activities. Major compounds found in essential oils of thyme, rosemary, fennel and laurel were carvacrol (70.9 %), borneol (20.4 %), transanethole (82.8 %) and 1,8-cineole (35.5 %), respectively. Laboratory bioassay results indicated that all essential oils caused adult mortality of whitefly at different concentrations that are not phytotoxic to the host plant. All essential oils showed insecticidal activities in a dosedependent manner. Essential oil of thyme had a marked insecticidal activity against whitefly adults. Adult viability was totally affected by thyme, laurel, fennel and rosemary at the concentrations of 5.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 30.0 ?g mL-1 air, respectively. Estimated mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of the essential oils of thyme, laurel, fennel and rosemary were 0.44, 1.82, 7.06 and 2.86 ?g mL-1 air, respectively. The results of the present study concluded that plant essential oils could be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for pest control from the plants with medicinal values.Öğe Comparison by Sequence-Based and Electron Microscopic Analyses of Fig mosaic virus Isolates Obtained from Field and Experimentally Inoculated Fig Plants(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2010) Caglayan, Kadriye; Serce, Cigdem Ulubas; Barutcu, Eminur; Kaya, Kamuran; Medina, Vicente; Gazel, Mona; Soylu, SonerFig mosaic disease (FMD) and the fig mite, Aceria ficus, are widespread in different fig growing provinces of Turkey. Fig trees (Ficus carica) cv. Bursa siyahi (D1) and an unknown seedling (D2) that showed typical FMD symptoms and was heavily infested by fig mites were used as donor plants for attempted mite transmissions to healthy fig seedlings. Transmission electron microscopy observations of donor plant samples prior to the transmission tests were performed and showed the presence of double membrane bodies (DMBs) in the palisade mesophyll cells. Electron microscopy of all experimentally inoculated fig seedlings showed the same bodies. This result reinforced the suggestion that an agent that elicits the production of DMBs in infected cells is involved in the etiology of FMD. Double-stranded (ds)RNA analyses were also performed from experimentally inoculated plants, and dsRNAs with sizes approximately 1.30 and 1.96 kb were obtained. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of 468 and 298 bp specific to Fig mosaic virus (FMV) were amplified from both donor and experimentally inoculated plants. BLAST analyses of nucleotide sequences of these fragments showed 90% identity with FMV for the donor plant and 94 to 96% for experimentally inoculated plants. According to these results, FMV is present in both donor and experimentally inoculated plants in Turkey, and this virus is transmissible by A. ficus from fig plant to fig plant.Öğe Determination of chemical composition and fumigant insecticidal activities of essential oils of some medicinal plants against the adults of cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2018) Kaya, Kamuran; Sertkaya, Erdal; Üremiş, İlhan; Soylu, SonerChemical composition and fumigant insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from oregano Origanum syriacum L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.,), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) plants were investigated against the adults of cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Based on GC-MS analysis, total number of compounds determined in oregano, lavender, sage, fennel and laurel essential oils were 25, 33, 23, 23, 42, respectively. Carvacrol (66.66%), trans-anethol (79.17%), 1,8- cineole (50.0%), camphor (30.46%) and linalyl acetate (35.66%) were found as the most abundant compounds, respectively. Bioassay results revealed that essential oils, at 30.0 or 40.0 µg ml-1 air, resulted in 100% adult mortality of C. maculatus. Insecticidal activity was increased in response to increased concentration of essential oil. Among the essential oils tested, oregano showed the highest fumigant toxicity at relatively lower concentration (30.0 µg ml-1). Complete adult mortality (100%) caused by fennel, laurel, sage and lavender essential oils at the concentrations of 40.0 µg ml-1 air. The LC50 and LC90 values for each essential oil were estimated by using probit analysis. The lowest LC50 value was estimated for sage essential oil (8.79 µg ml-1) followed by oregano (11.17 µg ml-1), lavender (11.64 µg ml-1), laurel (13.59 µg ml-1) and fennel (17.46 µg ml-1), respectively. The results revealed that plant essential oils might be used in research aiming the development of new environmental friendly control agents against stored-product pests such as cowpea weevil.Öğe Determination of species of cicadellidae (Hemiptera) family in sweet cherry growing areas of Eastern Mediterranean region(Hasan Eleroğlu, 2020) Kaya, Kamuran; Başpınar, HüseyinSweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is highly valued fruit in the world and has wide production area in Turkey. Some of the species from the family Cicadellidae can cause direct damage by sucking the sap, and indirect damage by transmitting the phytoplasmas during their feeding process on the sweet cherry trees. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of the species of Cicadellidae family in Adana (Pozantı), Niğde (Darboğaz) and Kahramanmaraş (Andırın and Central Town), where sweet cherry cultivation is carried out, through 2014-2016. Surveying was done in two period a year, in spring (May-June) and fall (October-November) on the trees and weeds. As a result of sampling, 55 species from 35 genus in Cicadellidae were found. They are 32 species from Deltocephalinae subfamily, 18 species from Typhlocybinae, 4 species from Agallinae and 1 species from Megophthalminae subfamily were identified. Among them, Psammotettix striatus (Linnaeus) was the most common species with the 45.79% in total, followed by P. provincialis (Ribaut) with 15.26%. The other species were Empoasca sp. and Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) with 7.15% and 6.63%, respectively. It is known that the Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited agents, so, the cicadellid species that are feeding phloem tissue of the plant can acquire the pathogen aÖğe Distribution Area, Population Changes and Natural Enemies of Olive psyllid Euphyllura straminea Loginova 1973 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in the Olive Orchards in Hatay Province of Turkey(Springer, 2023) Kaya, KamuranOlive psyllid, Euphyllura spp. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a pest that is seen commonly in the olive production areas in Turkey. The pest causes the shoots to weaken, flower and flower buds to shed, trees to weaken in dense populations, causes loss of quality and yield in olive due to the honey-like substance they secrete, which causes fumagine. In this study, surveys were conducted to determine the distribution area of the olive psyilid in 11 districts of Hatay province in the period 2018-2019, and investigations were made in order to determine their population change and natural enemies in two orchards in Altinozu and Antakya districts. Euphyllura straminea Loginova was determined as the sole species in Hatay province, and infection was determined as 100%. After June, the egg and nymph stages of the pest were not found until March of the following year, while the adult stage continued to exist throughout the winter. It was determined that E. straminea has two overlapping generations in Hatay province of Turkey. During the study, Pharoscymnus pharoides (Marsuel), Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius) and Pseudoloxops coccineus (Meyer-Dur) was determined as the most abundant natural enemy species.Öğe First record of the egg parasitoids of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) in Turkey using DNA barcoding(2016) Cengiz, Feza Can; Kaya, Kamuran; Ulaşlı, Başak; Morinière, JérômeChilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) mısır ve diğer tahıl ürünlerinde zararlı olan ve önemli ürün kayıplarına neden olan istilacı bir türdür. Bu böceğin Türkiye'deki varlığı ilk kez 2014 yılında Türkiye'nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi'nin bazı illerinin mısır alanlarında kaydedilmiştir. Bu zararlı için insektisitler veya diğer zararlı mücadele metodları her zaman yeterli kontrolü sağlamamakta, biyolojik mücadele ise önemli bir alternatif olarak düşünülmektedir. Ancak biyolojik metodların başarılı bir şekilde uygulanması için zararlının doğal düşmanlarının ilk adımda iyi tanımlanmış olması gerekmektedir, Morfolojiye dayanan klasik teşhis metodlarıyla bunu gerçekleştirmek oldukça zordur. Moleküler tekniklerdeki son gelişmeler, böcek türlerinin ve onların parazitoidlerinin daha doğru tanılanmasına olanak vermektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı C. partellus' un yumurta parazitoidlerini, moleküler metodlar kullanarak tanılamaktır. Bu zararlının parazitlenmiş yumurtaları, 2014 yılının eylül ve ekim ayları ile 2015 yılı eylül ayında Türkiye'nin Hatay ilindeki mısır alanlarından toplanmıştır. Yumurtalar daha sonra laboratuvar koşullarında kültüre alınmış ve çıkış yapan erginlerin moleküler analizleri yapılmıştır. DNA barkod ile İki yerel doğal düşman, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) ve Telenomus busseolae (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) C. partellus'un yumurta parazitoidleri olarak ilk kez kaydedilmiştir.Öğe First record of the egg parasitoids of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Turkey using DNA barcoding(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2016) Can Cengiz, Feza; Kaya, Kamuran; Ulasli, Basak; Moriniere, JeromeChilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an invasive insect species attacking maize (Zea mays L.) and other cereal crops causing important yield losses. The occurrence of this insect in Turkey was first reported in maize growing areas of some provinces in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2014. Chemical or other pest control methods do not always provide acceptable control of this pest, so biological control is considered an important alternative. However, for a successful biological control, the first step is to reliably identify the natural enemies of a target pest, which is difficult to achieve using methods based on morphology. Recent developments in molecular techniques allow more reliable identification of insect species and their parasitoids. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the egg parasitoids of C. partellus by molecular methods. Parasitized eggs were collected from maize fields in Hatay province, Turkey, from September to October 2014 and in September 2015. Eggs were maintained in the laboratory and emerging adult parasitoids were subjected to molecular analysis. Using DNA barcoding, two native natural enemies, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus busseolae (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) were identified as egg parasitoids of C. partellus for the first time in Turkey.Öğe Hatay ilinde önemli kışlık sebze alanlarında bulunan zararlı Lepidoptera türleri, parazitoitleri ve zararlı türlerden önemli olanların popülasyon dalgalanmaları(2008) Kaya, Kamuran; Kornoşor, SerpilBu çalışmada, Hatay ili sebze tarımında önemli üç kışlık (lahana, karnabahar, kırmızı lahana) sebze türünde sorun olan zararlı lepidopter türler ile parazitoitleri saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, önemli görülen türlerin populasyon dalgalanmaları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kışlık sebze ekimi yapılan toplam 99 tarlada gerçekleştirilen iki yıllık sörveyde dört familyaya bağlı 13 lepidopter türü tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol edilen tarlaların % 40,40’ında görülen Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) en yaygın tür olmuştur. Zararlı lepidopter türlerin parazitoitleri olarak Hymenoptera takımına bağlı Ichneumonidae familyasından iki larva parazitoiti, Braconidae familyasından üç larva parazitoiti, Pteromalidae familyasından bir pupa parazitoiti, Diptera takımına bağlı Tachinidae familyasından ise dört larva-pupa parazitoiti tespit edilmiştir. Kışlık sebzelerde lepidopter türlerin populasyon takibinin yapıldığı ilaçsız deneme parsellerinde her iki yılda da populasyon yoğunluğu en yüksek olan tür Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) olmuş, ancak bu yoğunluklar lahanada 12,20 larva/bitki, karnabaharda 5,88 larva/bitki ile, bitkilerin hasada geldiği aralık-ocak aylarında gerçekleştiği için önem kazanmamıştır.Öğe Hatay ilinde ışık tuzağı ile belirlenen cicadellidae familyası türleri ve popülasyon yoğunlukları(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2019) Kaya, Kamuran; Başpınar, HüseyinAmaç: Hatay ilinde 2013 yılının haziran-kasım ayları arasında yürütülen çalışmada ışık tuzakları kullanılarak farklı kültür bitkilerinin yetiştirildiği tarımsal bir alanda Cicadellidae familyasına ait türlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesinin uygulama arazisinde, farklı bitki parsellerinin (mısır, pamuk, patates, tatlı patates, nohut, ayçiçeği, defne ve bazı sebze türleri) bulunduğu bir agroekosisteme Robinson tipi sabit ışık tuzağı yerleştirilmiş ve haftalık olarak elde edilen Cicadellidae familyasına bağlı böceklerin tür teşhisleri ve sayımları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca 25 haftalık örneklemeden elde edilen türlerin yoğunlukları ile popülasyonlarının durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 18 farklı cinsten 30 tür belirlenmiş olup, bu türlerden bazılarının önemli bitki zararlısı veya fitoplazma vektörü oldukları bilinmektedir. Belirlenen türler içerisinde Cicadulina bipunctella (% 30.45), Zyginidia pullula (%20.75), Balclutha punctata (%15.23) ve Psammotettix provincialis (%13.26) en yoğun bulunan türler olmuştur. Genel Yorum: Işık tuzağı ile Cicadellidae familyasına bağlı 30 tür belirlenerek bu yöntemin cicadellid türlerin belirlenmesi için kullanılabilecek bir yöntem olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışma ile belirli habitatlardaki Cicadellidae familyası türlerinin ve popülasyonlarının belirlenmesinde, türlerin biyolojileri ile ilgili çalışmalarda ışık tuzaklarının, kullanılan yöntemlere ilave olarak tamamlayıcı bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.Öğe The lepidopteran pests of sweet potato: First record of Helcystogramma triannulella (Herrich- Schaffer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) with population development and natural enemies in Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2016) Kaya, Kamuran; Can Cengiz, Feza; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Caliskan, SevgiThe study was conducted in Hatay Province, east Mediterranean Region, Turkey in 2012 and 2013 to determine major lepidopteran pests of sweet potato and to document the population development of the newly recorded species Helcystogramma triannulella (Herrich-Schaffer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in 2013. Four lepidopteran species, Aedia leucomelas (L.) (Noctuidae), Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus) (Sphingidae), Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel) (Crambidae) and H. triannulella were found. This was the first detection of H. triannulella in Turkey, so its population development was studied in the second year. The larval population of H. triannulella began to increase towards the end of July and reached its peak in mid-August. During the study, predators, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Oenopia conglobata (L.), Scymnus interruptus (Goeze), Scymnus mediterraneus Khnzorian, Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae); Nabis viridulus Spinola (Hemiptera: Nabidae) were found in the folded parts of the leaves, and parasitoids, Apanteles sp., Chelonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) were obtained in the laboratory from larvae of H. triannulella.Öğe The lepidopteran pests of sweet potato: First record of Helcystogramma triannulella (Herrich-Schäffer) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) with population development and natural enemies in Turkey(2016) Kaya, Kamuran; Can, Feza Cengiz; Çalışkan, Mehmet Emin; Çalışkan, SevgiBu çalışma Türkiye'nin, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde bulunan Hatay ilinde tatlı patates bitkisinin başlıca lepidopter zararlılarını ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla 2012-2013 yıllarında yürütülmüş ve Türkiye için yeni kayıt tür olan Helcystogramma triannulella (Herrich-Schäffer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) 'nın popülasyon gelişimi 2013 yılında belirlenmiştir. Tarla gözlemleri sonucunda dört lepidopter tür, Aedia leucomelas (L.) (Noctuidae), Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus) (Sphingidae), Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel) (Crambidae) ve H. triannulella belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada H. triannulella Türkiye'de ilk kez kaydedilmiştir. İkinci yıl bu türün popülasyon gelişmesi araştırılmıştır. Deneme alanında H. triannulella'nın larva popülasyonu temmuz sonunda artmaya başlamış ve ağustos ortasında tepe noktasına ulaşmıştır. Çalışma boyunca predatörler, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Oenopia conglobata (L.), Scymnus interruptus (Goeze), Scymnus mediterraneus Khnzorian, Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae); Nabis viridulus Spinola (Hemiptera: Nabidae) yaprakların katlanmış kısımlarından ve parazitoidler Apanteles sp., Chelonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) ve Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) laboratuvarda H. triannulella larvalarından elde edilmişlerdir.Öğe POTENTIAL PSYLLID VECTORS OF CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA MALI AND CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA PYRI IN TURKEY(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2016) Kaya, Kamuran; Serce, Cigdem Ulubas; Gazel, Mona; Caglayan, Kadriye; Sauvion, NicolasPsyllids are vectors of phytoplasma, which cause important diseases of pome fruit trees. Psyllid species reported as phytoplasma vectors were captured during 2010-2011 in several pome fruit growing regions in Turkey. Potential psyllid vectors of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' were collected from Malus spp. (apple), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Crataegus spp. (hawthorn) and also from the overwintering hosts, whereas those of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri' were collected from wild and cultured forms of Pyrus spp. (pear) trees. The psyllids were identified morphologically as Cacopsylla picta, C. melanoneura-C. affinis complex, C. crataegi, C. pyrisuga, C. pyri, C. pyricola and other Cacopsylla species. The highest natural phytoplasma infection rate was found in C. picta followed by C. pyri, C. melanoneura-C. affinis complex and C. crataegi with rates of 4.36, 3.84, 2.77 and 1.67%, respectively. No phytoplasma were detected in C. pyrisuga, C. pyricola, or the other Cacopsylla spp. 'Ca. P. mali' was detected in C. picta, C. melanoneura-C. affinis complex and C. pyri; 'Ca. P. pyri' was detected in C. picta, C. crataegi, C. melanoneura-C. affinis complex and C. pyri individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the possible psyllid vectors of 'Ca. P. mali' in Turkey.Öğe Potential vectors of Plum pox virus in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey(E Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2014) Kaya, Kamuran; Gazel, Mona; Serce, Cigdem Uluba; Elci, Eminur; Cengiz, Feza Can; Cambra, Mariano; Caglayan, KadriyeAlthough Plum pox virus (PPV) was first detected in Turkey 44 years ago, the virus is present in a rather limited number of trees. Our recent studies on PPV incidence showed that PPV was introduced rapidly in PPV-free regions and that there are no data available about the role of aphid species and Prunus rootstocks on these new infections. In this study the epidemiological aspect of PPV was studied in Antakya-Hatay, located in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey where PPV was first detected in 2011. The susceptibility of different Prunus rootstocks to PPV was evaluated in an established experimental plot next to a PPV-infected nectarine orchard. Aphid populations were monitored in 2011 and 2012 from the last week of April to the middle of June by the sticky-plant method in both the experimental plot (EP) and the surrounding infected nectarine orchard (SNO). Regularly collected plant samples and aphids were individually tested by DASI-ELISA and squash real-time RT-PCR, respectively. The highest aphid population densities were observed at the end of May in both years. The most abundant aphid species were Aphis gossypii and A. spiraecola both in EP and SNO in both years. The percentage of PPV-viruliferous Myzus persicae, A. fabae, A. gosypii, A. spiraecola, Hyalopterus pruni, Macrosiphon euphorbiae and A. craccivora as estimated by squash real-time RT-PCR were 39.47%, 25.00%, 24.56%, 22.60%, 22.22%, 20.00% and 8.00%, respectively. The percentages of viruliferous aphids collected from SNO were 12.5% in A. spiraecola, 12.42% in A. gossypii and 11.11% in H. pruni. At the end of 2012, three Myrobolan 29C and two Adesoto 101 rootstocks were found infected by PPV. Molecular characterization studies showed that PPV-M was the strain present in both the originally infected nectarine plot and the Myrobolan 29C rootstocks.Öğe Seasonal population dynamics of Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in generative organs of olives in Hatay Province, Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2020) Kaya, KamuranOlive, Olea europaea L., is an evergreen tree native to areas with Mediterranean climates. Its fruit and oil are key ingredients in the Mediterranean cuisine. Olive gall mite, Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) is a mite species that feeds on olive leaves, buds or flowers. This study was conducted to determine the population dynamics of A. oleae in generative organs of olive in Altinozu, Antakya and Samandag Districts of Hatay between in April and October 2017 and 2018. The highest mite density was detected in Altinozu during the flowering period in 2017 and the budding period in 2018; and a second peak was seen during fruiting period for both years. A peak occurred in samples collected from Antakya for both years (in fruit stage, June 2017, and in budding stage, April 2018) but no prominent peak was noted Samandag samples. A high rate of flower and fruit dropping was observed and this concurred with noticeable decreases in A. oleae population in Altinozu and Antakya Districts in both years. Three phytoseiid species, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas Swirski & Ragusa, 1976 (44%), Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) rapidus Wainstein & Arutunjan, 1968 (29%) and Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) athiasae Porath & Swirski, 1965 (26%) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were detected in these orchards. It is thought they probably fed on A. oleae since their primary prey, tetranychid mites were unavailable. Correlation results showed that population sizes of A. oleae did not decrease significantly with temperature and humidity in 2017. In 2018, the population was negatively correlated with temperature, but no significant increase occurred as humidity rose.Öğe A study of the Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) fauna of Central Anatolia, Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2019) Can, Feza; Efetov, Konstantin A.; Burman, Joseph; Kaya, Kamuran; Kucherenko, Elena E.; Ulasli, Basak; Tarmann, Gerhard M.The Zygaenidae fauna in some provinces (Aksaray, Karaman, Kayseri, Konya, Nevsehir and Nigde) of Central Anatolia was studied using attractant traps as well as by netting specimens in biotopes in 2017. The sex attractants for the Procridinae had been produced in the Crimean Federal University and were esters of 2-dodecenoic acid and isomers of 2-butanol: EFETOV-2 [racemic mixture of R- and S-enantiomers], EFETOV-S-2 [R-enantiomer] and EFETOV-S-S-2 [S-enantiomer]. Zygaena attractants were made at Canterbury Christ Church University using a range of acetate compounds with known attraction to various genera as originally identified by Priesner et al. (1984). Fourteen Zygaenidae species from four genera belonging to Procridinae and Zygaeninae subfamilies were found: Rhagades Wallengren, 1863 (1 species), Adscita Retzius, 1783 (1 species), Jordanita Verity, 1946 (4 species), and Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 (8 species).Öğe Survey on the presence of Cacopsylla pruni in Turkey: preliminary results(Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ Bologna, 2011) Serce, Cigdem Ulubas; Yvon, Michel; Kaya, Kamuran; Gazel, Mona; Cengiz, Feza Can; Caglayan, Kadriye; Sauvion, NicolasAlthough 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' has been previously detected in different regions of Turkey, its vectors have not been identified yet. A survey was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in order to determine the presence of Cacopsylla pruni populations in six different fruit tree producing areas. The psyllid was found in Adana, Mersin, Bursa and Yalova on either Prunus spinosa or wild plums (Prunus spp.) and also on fir trees. The mean percentage of individuals of C. pruni infected with Ca. P. prunorum was around 23% in Mersin.Öğe Susceptibility of different prunus rootstocks to natural infection of plum pox virus-Turkey (PPV-T) in Central Anatolia(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Cinar, Cemile Temur; Gazel, Mona; Kaya, Kamuran; Olmos, Antonio; Caglayan, KadriyeSharka is the most damaging viral disease of Prunus spp. and the causative agent is plum pox virus (PPV). PPV is widespread and poses a serious problem in stone fruit crops in Turkey. A unique strain of PPV has so far been identified in Turkey and called as PPV-Turkey (PPV-T). The aims of the present study were to describe the efficiency of PPV-T transmission via aphids and to identify the susceptibility of different Prunus rootstocks against PPV-T strain under natural inoculum in Kayseri province located Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. This experiment was established in a small residential orchard where PPV-T infected apricot and plum trees were detected. Five different Prunus rootstocks from which 200 individuals were planted in PPV-T infected orchard and experiment was designed in a randomized complete block desing with 10 replications per block. All rootstocks were regularly tested by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR during 2015-2017. The results showed that the most susceptible rootstocks in terms of PPV-T infection were Nemaguard, Myrobalan 29B and Myrobalan 29C with the infection rate of 3.61%, 2.74% and 1.04%, respectively. On the other hand, GF677 and Garnem were never found infected with PPV-T. Aphis gossypii, A. craccivora, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Hyalopterus pruni, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae were detected as most abundant aphid species in experimental plot. In 2015, the highest percentage of viruliferous aphids was found as A. gossypii (100%), followed by B. helichrysi (77.8%), A. spiraecola (55.72%), M. persicae (46.05%) and H. pruni (30.76%) whereas it was 100% for A. gossypii and M. euphorbiae followed by A. spiraecola (76.32%), M. persicae (73.1%), H. pruni (62.06%) and B. helichrysi (61.53%) in 2016 by squash real time RT-PCR. The present study showed that PPV-T was effectively transmitted by different aphid species in natural conditions in Kayseri district. It was concluded that Nemaguard and Myrobalan which were found to be the most sensitive rootstocks to PPV-T should not be preferred by growers as Prunus rootstock where PPV poses a high risk.
