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Öğe The effect of chromium supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum parameters in laying hens(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2002) Uyanik, F; Kaya, S; Kolsuz, AH; Eren, M; Sahin, NThe effects of chromium (Cr) on egg production, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol level and selected serum parameters of laying hens were investigated. Sixty 16-wk-old Hyline White 77 strain were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 hens each and fed either a basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 20 ppm Cr (CrCl3.6H(2)O). Egg and blood samples were collected at monthly intervals after the egg production reached peak level. Sera were analysed for:chromium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Eggs were examined for interior or exterior quality and for yolk cholesterol content. Chromium supplementation resulted in a 1.88% reduction in feed consumption and 4.28% improvement in the efficiency of feed utilisation. Chromium had no effect on live weight change, overall mean egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, shell thickness and Haugh unit, but increased shell breaking strength, albumen and egg yolk index values were noted, Supplemental chromium had no significant effect on serum phosphorus, while it resulted in increases in calcium and magnesium concentrations at first sampling. Serum total cholesterol concentrations slightly decreased while triglyceride levels significantly decreased. Significant reductions were observed in yolk cholesterol content in chromium supplemented group at weeks 36 and 40 (p<0.001). The results of the experiment indicated that chromium supplementation to the diet of layers may be of practical value due to the slight reduction in feed consumption and improvement in efficiency of feed utilisation and reduced egg cholesterol content without any adverse effect on egg quality.Öğe Effect of dietary vitamin A and zinc on egg yield and some blood parameters of laying hens(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2001) Kaya, S; Umucalilar, HD; Haliloglu, S; Ipek, HThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of vitamin A and zinc interaction in laying hens fed on diets supplemented with two different levels of vitamin A (0, 10.000 IU/kg) in combination with five different levels of zinc (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) on egg yield, plasma and yolk concentration of zinc, and the levels of plasma triglyceride and phosphorus for 12 weeks. Egg production, egg weight, feed intake, body weight and feed efficiency did not differ among the groups. Plasma and yolk zinc concentrations were affected only by zinc supplementation. An interaction between vitamin A and zinc had an effect and the independent effect of vitamin A supplementation increased the plasma triglyceride levels of laying hens. The level of phosphorus in plasma was altered by zinc supplementation and an interaction between zinc and vitamin A. Since the positive relationship between plasma zinc and egg production was observed (r=0.279 p<0.0 1), it is suggested that plasma zinc may be an indicator for the estimation of egg production or hen performance.Öğe Effect of different dietary levels of Yucca schidigera powder on the performance, blood parameters and egg yolk cholesterol of laying quails(Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2003) Kaya, S; Erdogan, Z; Erdogan, SA total of 135 laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica ), 9 weeks old, were divided into three dietary treatment groups. Three replicates were assigned to each treatment group consisting of 15 birds per cage. The diet was supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 ppm Yucca schidigera powder and given ad libitum to the quails for a period of 14 weeks. Body weight, egg production, feed consumption and feed efficiency were not different due to dietary treatments among the groups. Increased egg weight was determined in the control group. Yucca powder supplementation decreased serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride level in laying quails. Serum total protein concentration was not changed by dietary treatments but albumin level was decreased in quails fed 100 ppm yucca powder. Egg yolk cholesterol concentration was not significantly different among the groups but tended to decline (11.5%) as a result of yucca supplementation. Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were not affected by supplementation of yucca powder. However, haemoglobin (HB) concentration was slightly increased and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was significantly increased by 200 ppm yucca powder supplementation to the diet.Öğe Effects of raw material in finisher diet on broiler performance in choice feeding system(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2006) Sahin, A; Duru, M; Kaya, S; Camci, ÖThis experiment was designed to assess the usage of wheat or maize with cotton seed meal in free choice feeding system under experimental condition with respect to feed intake, diet selection, growth performance and some carcass parameters in broiler chickens. In total, 114 female broiler chicks (28-d, 1416 +/- 14.5 g) were divided into 7 experimental groups, each including 15 to 17 birds kept individually. Control birds were fed finisher diet while treatment groups were subjected to free choice feeding with two different feeds - energetic diet, nitrogenous diet - which were offered to chicks in separate feeders simultaneously for 14 days. Six energetic feeds Were made by additions to finisher diet with either maize or wheat at 20%, 40% and 80%, separately, while 3 nitrogenous feeds were made by the same previous addition levels with cotton seed meal. Feeds having same inclusion rates for both energetic and nitrogenous diets were offered birds simultaneously to make treatment groups (20W&CSM, 20M&CSM, 40W&CSM, 40M&CSM, 80W&CSM, 80M&CSM). Finisher diet included 200 g crude protein and 12.97 MJ ME kg(-1). At the end of experiment, birds were sacrificed to determine their carcass parameters. The results showed that 20 and 40% dietary inclusion of raw materials to finisher diet in free choice feeding system provided similar performance and carcass parameters as' finisher diet alone, suggesting that finisher diet can be diluted 20% with one of ground cereals wheat or maize and cotton seed meal in free choice feeding system to save approximately 8% feed cost.Öğe Effects of zinc and vitamin A supplements on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, cholesterol, glucose and egg yolk cholesterol of laying hens(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2001) Kaya, S; Keçeci, T; Haliloglu, SThe effects of zinc and vitamin A supplementation to the diet on some blood metabolites were evaluated in Hisex brown laying hens from 56 weeks to 68 weeks of age. A total of 130 birds were divided into two main groups according to vitamin A treatment (0 and 3.44 mg retinyl acetate kg(-1) feed, respectively). each consisting of 65 hens. Hens in both of the main groups were then, divided into five zinc treatment groups (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg zinc kg diet(-1) respectively) of 13 hens each. It was observed that plasma T-4.T-3 and total cholesterol levels were affected by only zinc supplementation. While 100 and 200 mg Zn kg(-1) decreased plasma T-4 level compared to control value. plasma T-3 level was reduced by 100 mg Zn kg(-1) compared to groups fed less Zn. Adding 50 and 200 mg Zn kg(-1) to the diet increased plasma total cholesterol level in the birds compared to other groups. Vitamin A, zinc. and their interaction did not influence the concentration of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, glucose and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.Öğe Feeding diets supplemented with zinc and vitamin A in laying hens: effects on histopathological findings and tissue mineral contents(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2002) Kaya, S; Ortatatli, M; Haliloglu, SThe effects of different dietary levels of zinc and vitamin A on tissue mineral accumulation and histopathological alterations were examined in laying hens. For this purpose, 130 Hisex brown laying hens aged 56 weeks were divided into two main groups. Each group of hens were fed on diets supplemented with two different levels of vitamin A (010 000 IU kg(-1)). Then, laying hens in both of the main groups were subdivided into five treatment groups given different levels of zinc (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg(-1)) for 12 weeks. Dietary additions of zinc and/or vitamin A did not significantly affect the zinc concentrations of the pancreas, liver, gizzard, thyroid, and copper concentrations of the pancreas, gizzard, and thyroid. The group fed the highest zinc (200 mg kg(-1)) in the diet had twofold iron concentration in their thyroid tissue compared to the concentration of the control group receiving no extra zinc. Histopathologically, there was slight oedema, degranulation, and vacuolation in exocrine cells and some fibrotic areas in the pancreas and reduced follicular size. Follicular cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia occurred in the thyroids, and gizzard erosions were seen in some cases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Purine excretion and estimated microbial protein yield in sheep fed diets differing in protein degradability(Elsevier Science Bv, 2003) Webster, AJF; Kaya, S; Djouvinov, DS; Kitcherside, MA; Glen, EFThe greatest sources of uncertainty concerning the application of the metabolizable protein (MP) system for ruminant feeding concern assumptions as to the extent and efficiency of synthesis of microbial protein (MiN) both from quickly, slowly and undegraded forms of dietary nitrogen (QDN, SDN and DUN, respectively) and from recycled endogenous nitrogen. In order to test these assumptions 12 castrated male lambs were allocated to three experimental semi-synthetic diets, QNF1.3, SNF1.3 and UNF0.8, formulated to provide different ratios of total dietary N to fermentable energy (FME) and to vary the proportions of total N provided by QDN, SDN and DUN. Thus, QNF1.3 and SNF1.3 were formulated to provide the same nominal ratio of 1.3 g degradable N/MJ FME. UNF0.8 was formulated to provide a similar total N concentration to QNF1.3 but with the majority of N in the form of DUN thus providing only 0.8 g degradable N/MJ FME. The diets were fed at two levels (maintenance and twice maintenance) according to a balanced changeover design. The two principal sources of dietary N were dark corn grains-plus-solubles (high QDN) and corn gluten meal (high DUN). MiN yield was estimated from urinary excretion of total purines. The net efficiency of incorporation of dietary N into MiN was estimated from increments of purine excretion between the two diet levels. Mean values for purine excretion from sheep were similar when the three diets were fed at the low, maintenance level. The net efficiencies of utilization of increments of 'effective rumen degradable nitrogen' (ERDN = 0.8QDN + SDN) between maintenance and twice maintenance were QNF1.3 = 0.50, SNF1.3 = 0.94 and UNF0.8 = 0.59. The value of 0.94 for diet SNF1.3 provides strong support for the assumption that the efficiency of capture of SDN can approach 1.0. The low (0.50) net efficiency of capture of increments of ERDN from diet QNF1.3 suggests the MP system is overoptimistic in assuming that QDN can be captured with an efficiency of 0.8. When diet UNF0.8 was fed at the high level, 6/8 sheep failed to sustain food intake presumably because they were unable to sustain the microbial population of the rumen. This suggests that the capacity of sheep to recycle endogenous N into MiN may not exceed the maximum amount permitted by the assumption of the MP system even when DUN is fed in excess of requirement for growth. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
