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Öğe Characterization of normal and mastitic milks using Raman Spectroscopy by application of SERS method(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2024) Acikgoz, G.; Coskun, P.; Ergun, Y.; Baspinar, N.; Kazak, F.Rapid, non-destructive analysis of the milk by Raman Spectroscopy is used in different analyses and has enabled the determination of biological samples without using additional chemicals. In the study, it is aimed to investigate the molecular structures of normal and mastitic milks using Raman spectroscopy by application of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) method and this study is the first study done for this purpose. In the study, the presence or absence of functional groups of the spectra obtained from the milk samples was compared with the reference spectra in other studies. It was observed that the peaks obtained from the biochemical structures of normal and mastitic milks were consistent with the literature. In addition, it was found that the biochemical components (such as fat, proteins, carbohydrates and minerals) of subclinical mastitis and normal milk did not change at the molecular level. It was thought that there was no change at the molecular level as there was no visible deterioration in the milk with subclinical mastitis and the factor caused by the infection in the breast tissue.Öğe The Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Pathogenesis of Experimental Nephrolithiasis and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Kutlu, T.; Kazak, F.; Uyar, A.In the present study, it was aimed to examine the effects of early calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation and deposition on the kidneys and the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in the prevention and early treatment of CaOx deposition in rats. Sixty rats were divided into six groups (n=10 per group). Ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC) (0.75% EG + 0.75% AC) were added to the drinking water of different groups for 7 or 14 days to induce nephrolithiasis. The effects of the CaOx and ALA (100 mg/kg per day orally) on kidney were investigated via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. EG+AC application for both 7 and 14 days caused crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens, cystically dilated tubules, and hydropic degeneration in the tubular epithelium. However, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed merely in 14 days. When EG+AC administration was applied for 14 days only, it caused expression of ED1, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and vimentin in the tubulointerstitial areas. However, alpha-SMA and vimentin expression was not observed in tubular epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-01) expression was also detected in the tubules and intertubular cells at 14 days. It was determined that ALA administration with EG+AC reduced the crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens (p<0.001), the degeneration of the tubular epithelium (p<0.001), and the expression of TGF-01. In addition, it was de- tected that ALA caused an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p<0.001) and Catalase (CAT) (p>0.05) activities, which decreased with EG+AC application. This study suggests that ALA may be an effective strategy for reducing acute kidney injury caused by CaOx.Öğe The effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa l..) seed on carcass characteristics, kidney oxidant antioxidant levels and ileum histomorphology in Japanese quails(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Kazak, F.; Cimrin, T.; Alasahan, S.; Kisacam, M. A.; Kutlu, T.This study aims to determine the effects of supplementation of different level of black cumin seeds (NS) to quail feeds on carcass characteristics, kidney oxidant antioxidant levels, and ileum histomorphology. A total of 432 mixed-gender three days old Japanese quailswere randomly divided into four groups, including 108 animals each and further into 6 replications consisting of 18 chicks. The groups were fed on either a basal diet alone (Control Group) or a basal diet supplemented with NS at rates of 0.5% (NS-0.5 Group), 1% (NS-1 Group), and 2% (NS-2 Group).It was determined that the back+neck weight in the NS-2 group and head weight and ratio in the NS-1 and NS-2 groups decreased. The thigh rate increased in the NS-0.5 group compared to the control and other NS groups. While the wing weight increased in male quails fed with NS-supplemented feed in NS-1 and NS-2 groups compared to the control group, the abdominal fat weight decreased in NS-supplemented groups.Also, the slaughter weight and hot carcass weight in female quails were significantly reduced in the NS-2 group compared to the control group.Kidney glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and male quails' catalase (CAT) values were increased in NS groups compared to the control group. The kidney vitamin C (Vit C) increased only in the NS-2 group compared to the con-trol. In the NS-2 group, the villus height decreased both on a group basis and in female quails, while the villus width decreased only in female quails. Consequently, it was determined that dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 0.5% increased the thigh rate, dietary supplementation at three different level of NS were effective in maintaining the kidney oxidant-antioxidant balance, and the ileum histomorphology did not change except for dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 2%. Therefore, the result of this study can be stated that NS can be used as a natural antioxidant source in the quail diet.Öğe Relationships between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, total protein, malondialdehyde, total glutathione and vitamin C parameters in goat milkcells(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Kazak, F.; Karafakioglu, Y.; Baspinar, N.; Coskun, P.In this study, to reveal the antioxidant potential of goat milk cells, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C (Vit C) and total protein (TP) in goat milk cells were determined and correlations between these parameters were evaluated. Milk samples were collected from 19 clinically healthy goats from a private goat farm. Briefly, milk cells were collected from milk by centrifugation and than they were sonicated. Supernatant G6PD, GPx activities and NADPH, tGSH, MDA, Vit C and total protein levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods. As regards correlations: milk cell MDA levels were positively correlated with milk cell tGSH (r=0, 725, p<0, 01), milk cell Vit C (r=0.622, P<0.01) and milk cell NADPH (r=0.763, P<0.01) levels. There was a positive correlation between milk cell GPx activity and milk cell NADPH levels (r=0.659, P<0.01). Milk cell tGSH levels were positively correlated with milk cell Vit C (r=0.615, P<0.05) and milk cell NADPH (r=0.846, P<0.01) levels. Milk cell NADPH levels was positively correlated with milk cell Vit C levels (r=0.791, P<0.01). As a conclusion, the antioxidant potential of goat milk cells were evaluated and discusses.
