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    Apigenin alleviates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Yarim, Gul Fatma; Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Murat; Sozmen, Mahmut; Genc, Bugra; Ertekin, Ali; Gokceoglu, Ayris
    Purpose of the study The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of apigenin on inflammatory response in brain tissue in Parkinson's mouse model. Materials and methods Parkinson's disease model was induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Sixty 8-10-weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups control, Parkinson, prophylaxis, and treatment. Control (0.9% NaCl 0.5 ml, 10 days, i.p.), Parkinson (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), prophylaxis (50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days + 25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), and treatment (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days + 50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days). The expressions and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were determined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. Results Apigenin administration attenuated MPTP-induced histopathological changes in brain tissue. Furthermore, apigenin reversed the changes in expressions and concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta. Conclusion This study suggests that apigenin could be used as a neuroprotective option to attenuate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
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    Changes in oxidative stress parameters in ear-tagged calves in acute period
    (Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü, 2020) Cellat, Mustafa; Peker Akalın, Pınar; İşler, Cafer Tayer; Güvenç, Mehmet; Gökçek, İshak; Kazak, Filiz; Başpınar, Nuri
    This study aimed to investigate the effects of ear-tagging on blood malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (rGSH), Vitamin C (Vit C) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the acute period. Ear-tagged (with polyurethane ear-tag) animals consisted of nine healthy Holstein calves (2-3 months old). Blood samples were taken just before ear-tagging (baseline), at the 20th min, on the 3rd day, and 8th day after the ear-tagging procedure. Six Holstein calves were involved the sham group. In ear-tagged animals, plasma MDA levels increased on the 3rd day compared to baseline values (p<0.01) and returned to baseline values on the 8th day, whereas no change was found in the sham group. In ear-tagged animals, plasma rGSH levels increased at the 20th min, 3rd day, and 8th day (p<0.001) in comparison to baseline values, which in the sham group, there was no change. In ear-tagged animals, erythrocyte rGSH levels on the 3rd and 8th days were higher compared to baseline and 20th min level (p<0.01). In the sham group, the 3rd and 8th day erythrocyte rGSH levels increased compared to baseline values (p<0.01). In ear-tagged animals, the 20th min, 3rd day, and 8th day erythrocyte GPx activities were lower than the baseline values (p<0.001), whereas in the sham group, no change was observed. While Vit C levels increased progressively in the sham group (p<0.05), this increase was not observed in the ear-tagged group. In conclusion, ear-tagging was found to cause oxidative stress and increase antioxidant requirement in calves.
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    Determination of Quality Criteria that Allow Differentiation Between Honey Adulterated with Sugar and Pure Honey
    (Humana Press Inc, 2018) Nisbet, Cevat; Kazak, Filiz; Ardali, Yuksel
    This study used various parameters of honey to develop a potentially more robust approach to the detection of adulterated honey. For this purpose, 25 multifloral, natural honey samples and 20 samples of adulterated honey produced by bees that had been fed supplementary sucrose syrup were analysed. The mean total phenolic content of the natural honeys was considerably higher than in the adulterated honeys at 157 +/- 13 and 35.2 +/- 7.3mg GAE/100g, respectively. Similarly, considerable variation was determined between natural and adulterated honeys in terms of total flavonoids (3.3 +/- 0.3 and 2.1 +/- 0.4mg QE/100g, respectively), antiradical activity (87.9 +/- 12 and 163 +/- 11mg/mL, respectively) and proline content (202 +/- 26 and 71.1 +/- 21.6mg/kg, respectively.) The potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium contents of natural honeys were also higher than in adulterated honeys (P<0.01). In conclusion, the determination of the proline level, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and mineral profile may collectively provide a more holistic method approach to the differentiation of natural and adulterated honey, and also for comparing their food values.
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    Determination of Serum Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capacity and Protein Profiles in Dogs Naturally Infected with Ehrlichia canis
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Çiftci, Gülay; Pekmezci, Didem; Güzel, Murat; Çenesiz, Sena; Ural, Kerem; Aysul, Nuran; Kazak, Filiz
    Purpose: Canine ehrlichiosis is an important tick-borne disease of dogs worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to determine the serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase, (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and serum protein profiles in dogs affected with naturally acquired ehrlichiosis. Methods: The animal materials had been consisted of ten dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis, and ten controls negative for Ehrlichia canis. TAC, MDA, NO, SOD, GSH-Px, ADA activity and TP, ALB, GLOB levels were measured in sera of the animals. The serum protein concentrations were measured by autoanalyzer. The electrophoretic profiles of serum total protein were determined by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE). Results: In dogs with ehrlichiosis, decreased TAC (P < 0.05) and GSH-Px (P > 0.05) levels were determined. However, NO (P > 0.05), SOD (P < 0.05), ADA (P > 0.05), MDA (P > 0.05), TP (P < 0.05) and GLO (P < 0.05) levels were found as increased in the Ehrlichia positive dogs. ALB levels were decreased without a statistical significance (P > 0.05). ALB, ?1 and ?2 globulin strip densities were found as decreased in native-PAGE, while ?1 and ? globulin strip densities were significantly increased in the E. canis positive group when compared to the control. Conclusion: It was determined that the oxidative stress decreased high antioxidant activity in dogs naturally infected with E. canis, and consequently, pro-oxidant and antioxidant defense and serum protein profiles were affected. It was thought that antioxidant supplementation could be beneficial to the treatment of the disease. © 2021, Witold Stefa?ski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.
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    Effect of electrical stimulation on oxidative stress in tissues in a rat model with incision wound
    (Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2022) Kazak, Filiz; Isik, Egemen; Yurtal, Ziya; Alakus, Ibrahim
    Electrical stimulation (ES) are known to have beneficial effects in wound healing. However, the effect of electrical stimulation in wound theraphy on the oxidant and antioxidant levels of various tissues in the body remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of electrical stimulation on the oxidative stress capacity of tissues in a rat model with a surgical incision wound on the lateral line of the femoral region. Rats divided in two groups: control and ES group. A longitudinal skin incision was made only from the right lateral line of all rats. ES was applied 200 mu s, 20 Hz, 2mA for 20 min during 15 days. Some oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (rGSH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT)) in tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, testis, gastrocnemius and quadriceps femoris muscle) were obtained spectrophotometrically. The ES reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and simultaneously increasing different antioxidants in different tissues. The results suggest that incision wound could induce oxidative stress in tissues and electrical stimulation post-incision wound may have ameliorative effect.
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    Effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed on growth performance, blood parameters, liver oxidant/anti-oxidant levels and fatty liver syndrome in quails
    (Urmia Univ, 2023) Cimrin, Tulay; Alasahan, Sema; Kazak, Filiz; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kisacam, Mehmet Ali
    This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed (BCS) on growth performance, blood parameters, liver oxidant/anti-oxidant levels and fatty liver syndrome in quails. Four hundred and thirty-two unsexed (male and female) three-day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were divided into four treatment groups (108 chicks per group) with six replicates (18 chicks per replicate). Control and experimental groups were fed for 35 days with basal quail feed including 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00% BCS supplement, respectively. At the end, a total of 96 quails, 24 from each group (12 females and 12 males) were slaughtered. The BCS-addition did not affect the growth performance in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Addition of BCS to the diet significantly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and urea amounts compared to the controls. Whereas, cholesterol decreased significantly with the addition of only 1.00% and low-density lipoprotein with the addition of 0.50 and 1.00% BCS compared to the controls. Liver glutathione levels significantly elevated in 0.50 and 1.00% BCS fed groups; while, glutathione peroxidase levels significantly decreased in 1.00 and 2.00% BCS fed groups. Adding 1.00 and 2.00% BCS to the feed reduced fatty liver incidence in male quails. It is concluded that adding 0.50 and 1.00% BCS positively affects the blood and liver parameters; therefore, BCS may be suggested as an anti-oxidant source to help protect hepatocytes against tissue damage as it has a significant effect on maintaining oxidant and anti-oxidant balance.(c) 2023 Urmia University. All rights reserved.
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    Epidermal büyüme faktörünün nöroprotektif etkileri
    (2017) Yarım, Gül Fatma; Yarım, Murat; İncilay Torunoğlu, Emine; Kazak, Filiz
    Epidermal büyüme faktörü (EGF), hücrelerin bölünmesini, farklılaşmasını, yaşamasını, çoğalmasını, büyümesini ve göçünü uyaran, organizmadaki pek çok fizyolojik ve patolojik süreçte görev alan protein yapıda bir büyüme faktörüdür. Epidermal büyüme faktörü, biyolojik etkilerini bir transmembran protein olan EGF reseptörü (EGFR) aracılığı ile göstermektedir. Epidermal büyüme faktörü reseptörü, akciğerde, midede, duodenumda, pankreasta, böbrekte, hipofiz bezinde, tiroid bezinde, meme bezinde, yumurtalıkta, uterusta, plasentada, korneada ve gliya hücrelerinde bulunmaktadır. Epidermal büyüme faktörü, EGFR'ye bağlanarak, hücre çoğalması ve sağ kalımında rol oynayan mitojen-aktiveli protein kinaz (MAPK), hücre dışı sinyalle düzenlenen kinaz (ERK) 1/2 ve fosfotidil inozitol 3-kinaz (PI3K)-Akt sinyalizasyon yolaklarını aktive etmektedir. Epidermal büyüme faktörü reseptörü, astrositlerin çoğalmasında, farklılaşmasında ve postmitotik nöronların sağ kalımında rol oynamaktadır. Epidermal büyüme faktörü reseptörünün oligodendrosit gelişiminde de önemli bir role sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Akut omurilik yaralanmasında EGF uygulaması kan-omurilik bariyeri geçirgenliğindeki bozulmayı fosfotidil inozitol 3-kinaz /Akt/ Ras- ilişkili C3 botulinum toksin substrat 1 (PI3K/Akt/Rac1) yolağı ile hafifletmekte ve lokomotor aktiviteyi artırmaktadır. Yeni doğan beyin hasarı modelinde burun içi heparin-bağlı EGF tedavisi, progenitör hücrelerden yeni oligodendrositlerin oluşumunu artırmakta ve fonksiyonel iyileşmeyi uyarmaktadır. Plazma EGF düzeyinin, Parkinson ve Alzheimer hastalarında bilişsel gerilemenin biyobelirteçi olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Epidermal büyüme faktörü, multiple skleroz hastalarında remiyelinasyon için anahtar bir molekül olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Sinir sistemi hastalıklarının tedavisinde EGF uygulaması yeni bir yaklaşım olarak görülmektedir. Bu derlemede, EGF'nin nöroprotektif etkileri hakkında bilgi sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
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    Epidermal growth factor concentration in milk of healthy water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
    (Urmia Univ, 2022) Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Gokceoglu, Ayris; Delmecioglu, Mehmet Kemal; Yarim, Murat
    Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has biological roles, including embryonic organ development, breast morphogenesis, breast cell proliferation, and mammary development. This study aimed to measure EGF concentration and evaluate its relationship with somatic cell count (SCC) in healthy water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) milk. The study material was constituted of 120 milk samples obtained from 30 healthy water buffaloes between the ages of 3 -6 years, negative for California mastitis test and SCC less than 3.00 x 105 cells mL-1 milk. In milk serum samples, the EGF concentration was measured using a bovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Epidermal growth factor concentration in the buffalo milk was ranged from 4.30 to 9.80 ng mL-1, with a mean of 8.30 & PLUSMN; 1.50 ng mL-1. Positive correlation between milk SCC values and EGF concentrations was recorded in water buffaloes. Further research is required to evaluate the content of milk EGF in different species of animals because of the EGF effective role in mammary gland and intestinal mucosa.(C) 2022 Urmia University. All rights reserved.
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    Erythrocyte and spermatozoa glucose-6-nhosphate dehydrogenase activity in merino rams: An experimental study
    (Shahid Sadoughi Univ Medical Sciences, 2018) Gurel, Huseyin; Baspinar, Nuri; Akalin, Pinar Peker; Altunok, Vahdettin; Kazak, Filiz
    Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first enzyme of the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway that supplies reducing agents by maintaining the level of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Objective: It was aimed to determine the activity of erythrocyte and spermatozoa G6PD in the breeding and non-breeding seasons in Merino rams. And also, to find out the relation of these parameters with sperm quality parameters for better understanding the role of this enzyme in male fertility. Materials and Methods: 1.5-2 yr-old healthy, 14 Merino rams were involved. Ejaculate samples were collected using an artificial vagina, in October (the breeding season) and April (the non-breeding season). Blood samples were collected prior to sperm collection. Sperm volume (ml), motility (%), mass activity (1-5), concentration (x10(6)), viability (%), abnormal acrosome morphology (%) and abnormal sperm morphology (%) was evaluated. The activities of spermatozoa and erythrocyte G6PD were determined and the relation of sperm parameters with G6PD activity was evaluated. Results: Erythrocyte G6PD activity was higher (p <= 0.001), whereas spermatozoa G6PD activity was lower (p<0.001) in the breeding season (1.928 +/- 0.231 U/g hemoglobin, 129.65 +/- 28.41 U/g protein, respectively) from that in the non-breeding (0.530 +/- 0.066 U/g hemoglobin, 562.36 +/- 94.92 U/g protein, respectively). There were also significant differences among sperm quality parameters within the seasons. Positive correlation was determined between spermatozoa G6PD activity (r=0.053, p=0.03 and sperm concentration in the breeding season. Conclusion: Higher spermatozoa G6PD activity in October, where the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is suggested to be increased, may reflect the increased need of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and thus higher G6PD activity for the oxidative balance.
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    Erythrocyte and spermatozoa glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in merino rams: An experimental study
    (Research and Clinical Center for Infertitlity, 2018) Gurel, Hüseyin; Baspinar, Nuri; Akalin, Pınar Peker; Altunok, Vahdettin; Kazak, Filiz
    Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first enzyme of the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway that supplies reducing agents by maintaining the level of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Objective: It was aimed to determine the activity of erythrocyte and spermatozoa G6PD in the breeding and non-breeding seasons in Merino rams. And also, to find out the relation of these parameters with sperm quality parameters for better understanding the role of this enzyme in male fertility. Materials and Methods: 1.5-2 yr-old healthy, 14 Merino rams were involved. Ejaculate samples were collected using an artificial vagina, in October (the breeding season) and April (the non-breeding season). Blood samples were collected prior to sperm collection. Sperm volume (ml), motility (%), mass activity (1-5), concentration (×106), viability (%), abnormal acrosome morphology (%) and abnormal sperm morphology (%) was evaluated. The activities of spermatozoa and erythrocyte G6PD were determined and the relation of sperm parameters with G6PD activity was evaluated. Results: Erythrocyte G6PD activity was higher (p?0.001), whereas spermatozoa G6PD activity was lower (p?0.001) in the breeding season (1.928±0.231 U/g hemoglobin, 129.65±28.41 U/g protein, respectively) from that in the non-breeding (0.530±0.066 U/g hemoglobin, 562.36±94.92 U/g protein, respectively). There were also significant differences among sperm quality parameters within the seasons. Positive correlation was determined between spermatozoa G6PD activity (r=0.053, p=0.03 and sperm concentration in the breeding season. Conclusion: Higher spermatozoa G6PD activity in October, where the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is suggested to be increased, may reflect the increased need of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and thus higher G6PD activity for the oxidative balance. © 2018, Research and Clinical Center for Infertitlity. All rights reserved.
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    Eucalyptol alleviates cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kazak, Filiz; Deveci, Mehmet Zeki Yilmaz; Akcakavak, Goekhan
    This study was aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of eucalyptol on cisplatin induced kidney damage in Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into four groups: sham (S), eucalyptol (E), cisplatin (C), and cisplatin + eucalyptol (CE) randomly, six animals in each group. Groups C and CE were received cisplatin (12 mg/kg, a single dose, intraperitoneally (i.p.)). Groups E and CE were treated with eucalyptol (100 mg/kg, for seven days, orally). The blood samples and kidney tissues were collected following sacrification and analyzed histopathologically and biochemically. Histopathological results revealed tubular degeneration and necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular lumen dilatation, enlargement of bowman's space and hyaline cast were significantly irregular in the group C than group S. However, eucalyptol treatment (CE) modulated the alterations in the group C. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) were considerably higher in the group C compared to the other groups. There was no significant difference among the other groups statistically (except group C) in terms of BUN and CRE values. Eucalyptol treatment (at 100 mg/kg, for seven days) decreased the cisplatin induced increase in serum BUN and CRE levels and restored the reduced Vit C level and CAT activity of kidneys caused by cisplatin. Thus, eucalyptol's antioxidative, nephroprotective, and curative effects indicated the potential for future drug development.
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    Eucalyptol Protects against Cisplatin-Induced Liver Injury in Rats
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2023) Akcakavak, Gokhan; Kazak, Filiz; Deveci, Mehmet Zeki Yilmaz
    Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), a terpenoid oxide, is known as the main component of eucalyptus essential oils. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of eucalyptol have been reported in many studies. We investigated the possible effects of eucalyptol (EUC) against hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin (CIS) in Wistar albino rats. A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 equal groups; Control (C), Eucalyptol (EUC), Cisplatin (CIS), and Cisplatin + Eucalyptol (CIS + EUC). CIS and CIS + EUC groups received cisplatin (12 mg/kg, in a single dose, intraperitoneally (i.p.)). EUC and CIS + EUC groups were treated with eucalyptol (100 mg/kg, seven days, orally). The rats were euthanised under appropriate conditions, and samples were taken. Histopathologically, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, sinusoidal dilatation, inflammatory cell infiltration and bile duct proliferation were significantly irregular in the CIS group compared to the C group. However, EUC treatment modulated changes in group CIS. Biochemically, EUC (100 mg/kg) treatment reduced oxidative stress against increased liver hepatotoxicity by decreasing MDA levels and increasing Glutathione (GSH), Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and Catalase (CAT) levels. EUC treatment down-regulated 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, resulting in reductions DNA damage. It also significantly down-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In conclusion, eucalyptol exerts protective effects on cisplatin-induced experimental liver toxicity in rats by improving oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage and iNOS expressions.
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    Eucalyptol regulates Nrf2 and NF-kB signaling and alleviates gentamicin-induced kidney injury in rats by downregulating oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Akcakavak, Gokhan; Kazak, Filiz; Karatas, Ozhan; Alakus, Halil; Alakus, Ibrahim; Kirgiz, Omer; Celik, Zeynep
    Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is nowadays widely used in the treatment of gram-negative microorganisms. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of eucalyptol, a type of saturated monoterpene, have been reported in many studies. The aim of this study was to examine the possible effects of eucalyptol on gentamicin-induced renal toxicity. A total of 32 rats were divided into 4 groups; Control (C), Eucalyptol (EUC), Gentamicin (GEN), and Gentamicin + Eucalyptol (GEN + EUC). In order to induce renal toxicity, 100 mg/kg gentamicin was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 10 consecutive days in the GEN and GEN + EUC groups. EUC and GEN + EUC groups were given 100 mg/kg orally of eucalyptol for 10 consecutive days. Afterwards, rats were euthanized and samples were taken and subjected to histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and real-time PCR examinations. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels were significantly decreased in the GEN + EUC group (0.76 and 0.69-fold, respectively) compared to the GEN group. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased in the GEN + EUC group (1.35 and 2.67-fold, respectively) compared to the GEN group. In GEN group, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta), Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Caspase-3, 8-Hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression levels were found to be quite irregular. GEN + EUC group decreased the expressions of NF-kB, IL-1 beta, iNOS, TNF-alpha, Caspase-3, and 8-OHdG (0.55, 0.67, 0.54, 0.54, 0.63 and 0.67 fold, respectively), while it caused increased expression of Nrf2 (3.1 fold). In addition, eucalyptol treatment ameliorated the histopathological changes that occurred with gentamicin. The results of our study show that eucalyptol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, nephroprotective, and curative effects on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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    Glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz, glutatyon peroksidaz, nikotinamid adenin dinükleotid fosfat ve glutatyon ile süt kalite parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiler
    (Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2019) Akın, Zeynep; Peker Akalın, Pınar; Kazak, Filiz; Ergün, Yaşar; Başpınar, Nuri
    Bu çalışmada; Holstein ırkı sığırlarda süt G6PD, GPx, redükte NADPH ve rGSH düzeyleri ile süt verimi ve süt kalitesi ile arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi, böylelikle ilgili parametrelerin süt kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Klinik olarak sağlıklı 20 adet Holstein ırkı sığırdan süt örnekleri toplanmıştır. Süt verimi çiftlikte tutulan rutin kayıtlardan tespit edilmiştir. Sütlerde kalite parametreleri olan süt yağı %, protein %, laktoz %, kuru madde %, yağsız kuru madde %, üre % ve kazein % analizleri süt komponentleri ölçüm cihazı ile, süt hücre süpernatantlarında G6PD ve GPx aktiviteleri ile NADPH, rGSH ve total protein düzeyleri ise spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmiştir. Süt laktoz düzeyleri ile süt hücre G6PD aktivitesi (r=-0.574, p<0.05) ve NADPH düzeyleri (r=-0.485, P<0.05) arasında negatif korelasyonlar belirlenmiştir. Süt somatik hücre sayısı ile süt hücre G6PD aktivitesi (r=0.708, P<0.01) ve süt hücre NADPH düzeyleri (r=0.609, P<0.01) arasında pozitif korelasyonlar belirlenmiştir. Süt somatik hücre sayısı ile süt hücre NADPH düzeyleri arasında pozitif bir korelasyon (r=0.630, P<0.01) belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak sağlıklı inek sütünde, anılan parametreler ile süt verimi ve süt kalite parametreleri arasında, laktoz ve G6PD dışında, belirgin bir korelasyon belirlenmemiştir. Laktoz ile G6PD arasındaki bu ilişkinin yapılacak çalışmalar ile detaylandırılması önerilmektedir.
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    Hesperidin alleviates inflammation in the metabolic syndrome model
    (Univ Zagreb Vet Faculty, 2024) Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Anadol, Elvan; Salt, Ayris
    In metabolic syndrome, activated inflammatory signaling pathways trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Nowadays, the use of natural bioactive compounds is trending as an alternative method for the treatment and management of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of hesperidin in the metabolic syndrome model by analyzing the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum and liver. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (Rats were fed a standard chow diet and water ad libitum), hesperidin [Rats were fed hesperidin supplemented standard chow diet (1%, 10 g/kg feed) and water ad libitum] metabolic syndrome (Rats were fed standard chow diet with 10% fructose-added-drinking-water), and metabolic syndrome + hesperidin (Rats were fed a hesperidin-added standard chow diet (1%, 10 g/kg) with 10% fructose-added-drinking-water). Rats were sacrificed under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia, blood was obtained and liver tissues were removed. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta in the serum and liver were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the metabolic syndrome group, higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6, but lower serum and liver interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta were found in the serum and liver compared to the control group. In addition, in the metabolic syndrome + factor-beta were found in the serum and liver compared to the metabolic syndrome groups. Consequently, hesperidin response in the metabolic syndrome rat model.
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    Immunoglobulins and acute phase proteins in Van cats - associations with sex, age, and eye colour
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Coskun, Pinar; Altunok, Vahdettin; Kazak, Filiz; Yuksek, Nazmi
    It was aimed to determine concentrations of plasma immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and acute phase proteins (alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, serum amyloid A, ceruloplasmin) and the association of these parameters with age, sex, and eye colour in Van cats. Blood plasma of healthy, forty-seven Van cats (Van Cat Home) fed with standard cat food were involved in the study. Cats were divided into four groups based on age (<1, 2 to 2.5, 3 to 4, > 5) and eye colour (amber-amber, amber-blue, blue-amber, and blue-blue eyes described from left to right), and two groups based on sex (male and female). Plasma IgG, IgA, IgM, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, serum amyloid A, and ceruloplasmin concentrations were determined, and the concentrations were found to be 2.20 +/- 0.05 mg/mL, 1.05 +/- 0.04 mg/mL, 2.52 +/- 0.18 mg/mL, 562.00 +/- 14.27 mu g/mL, 1.49 +/- 0.03 mu g/mL, and 2.88 +/- 0.13 mg/dL, respectively. Male Van cats had higher IgA levels than the female cats (P < 0.05). alpha-1 acid glycoprotein concentrations in cats under 1-year-old were higher from that in the other age groups, whereas the significant difference was obtained compared to 2 to 2.5-year-old cats (p < 0.05). IgM concentrations were higher in cats with blue-blue eye colour than in the cats with other eye colours, while statistically significant difference was observed only cats with amber-blue eye colour (p < 0.05). Amber-amber eyed cat plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations were higher from that in the other eye coloured cats while significant difference was determined compared to amber-blue eyed cats (p < 0.05). Plasma immunoglobulins and acute phase proteins were determined and the associations of these parameters with age, sex, and eye colour were examined for the first time in Van cats. These data are thought to be important as reference levels in terms of diagnosis and prognosis.
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    The influence of Theranekron® on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat ovaries, intact and with ischemia-reperfusion injury
    (Univ Zagreb Vet Faculty, 2021) Kozlu, Tolunay; Guler, Fatma; Akalin, Pinar Peker; Kazak, Filiz; Ergun, Yasar; Aslan, Erdogan
    The effect of Theranekron (R) on rat ovaries was evaluated in healthy and ischemia-reperfusion injury models. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1: control, group 2: Theranekron (R) (single dose of 0.3 mg/kg intraperitoneally), group 3: torsion + detorsion, and group 4: torsion + detorsion + Theranekron (R) (single dose 0,3 mg/kg. intraperitoneally). The ovaries were homogenized by sonication before the analysis and supernatant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced glutathione and total protein levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Ovary tissues were histologically examined. In group 2, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was significantly reduced (P<0.01) compared to the control group and an increased number of atretic follicles, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic regions were seen histologically: in group 3. although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was not changed, intense hyperaemia and hemorrhage was observed in the veins of the medulla region and in the cortex. Group 4 showed a decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity compared to the control group (P<0.01). Histologically, when compared to group 3, group 4 showed fewer atretic follicles and decreased hyperaemia and hemorrhage in the ovaries, excluding the medulla region. There were no significant differences regarding reduced glutathione and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate levels between the groups. The Theranekron (R) dose applied had some negative effects, such as reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. an increased number of atretic follicles, and hyperemia in the corpus luteum and medulla region in intact rat ovaries. Although it reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, Theranekron (R) may have had slight remedial effects on rat ovaries with ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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    Investigating Relationships between Catalase, Reduced Glutathione, Malondialdehyde, Vitamin C, and Total Protein Levels in Simmental Cow’s Milk and Milk Cells
    (2022) Kazak, Filiz; Akalın, Pınar Peker
    In this study, to evaluate some antioxidant parameters of Simmental dairy cow’s milk and milk cells, the catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C (Vit C), and total protein (TP) were determined, and correlations between these parameters were revealed. The milk samples, collected from 28 clinically healthy cows from a private farm, were tested by CMT. Furthermore, CMT negative samples were included in the study. Briefly, milk cells were isolated from 15 mL of milk by centrifugation, and then they were sonicated. Milk and milk cell CAT activities, GSH, MDA, Vit C, and TP levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods. TP levels were 0.043 ± 0.008 mg in milk cell of 1 mL milk and 34.28 ± 0.656 mg/mL in milk. GSH levels were 21.19 ± 1.834 nmol/mg protein in milk cells and 25.78 ± 3.054 nmol/mL in milk. CAT activities were 0.13 ± 0.017 U/mg protein in milk cells and 2.391 ± 0.277 U/mL in milk. MDA levels were 2.27 ± 0.180 nmol/mL and Vit C levels were 68.89 ± 4.226 ?g/mL in milk. As regards correlations: Milk cell GSH and milk GSH levels were negatively correlated with milk cell TP levels (p<0.01). Milk cell GSH levels were positively correlated with milk GSH levels (p<0.05). Milk Vit C levels were positively correlated with milk TP levels (p<0.01). Although it was weak, there was a positive correlation between milk CAT activities and milk Vit C levels (p=0.05). In conclusion, some biochemical parameters (CAT, GSH, MDA, Vit C, and TP) of Simmental cow’s milk and milk cells were evaluated and discussed in the present study. It is thought that udder health will be positively affected by increasing the antioxidant capacity of milk cells.
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    Investigation of acute phase reactants and antioxidant capacity in calves infected with cryptosporidium parvum
    (2017) Çenesiz, Metin; Öztürk Sağk, Aliye; Dalğın, Duygu; Yarım, Gül Fatma; Çiftçi, Gülay; Özdemir, Ramazan; Güzel, Murat; Kazak, Filiz; Çenesiz, Sena
    Kriptosporidiozis, fekal-oral yolla bulaşan bir zoonoz enfeksiyondur. Cryptosporidium parvum yaygın prevalans göstermekle birlikte, buzağılarda daha epidemik olarak seyretmektedir. Hastalık yüksek morbidite ve mortalitesine bağlı olarak, ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olur. Bu çalışmada, C. parvum ile enfekte buzağılara halofuginon (100 µg /kg/gün-7 gün) tedavisi uygulanmış ve bu tedavinin akut faz proteinleri ile antioksidant kapasite üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, C. parvum ile enfekte, 1-3 haftalık 10 Holstein buzağıdan oluşturulmuştur. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası alınan kan numunelerinde, serum amiloid A (SAA), haptoglobulin (Hp), C-reaktif protein (CRP), seruloplazmin (CP), malondialdehid (MDA) seviyeleri ile süperoksid dismutaz (SOD) ve adenozin deaminaz (ADA) aktiviteleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, tedavi öncesi ve sonrası SAA, CRP ve MDA seviyelerinde istatistiksel bir farklılık olmadığını, fakat tedavi sonrası Hp (P<0.001) ve CP (P<0.05) seviyeleri ile ADA (P<0.05) ve SOD (P<0.001) aktivitelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş meydana geldiğini ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, C. parvum ile enfekte buzağılarda tedavi ile ADA ve SOD aktiviteleri ile Hp ve CP seviyelerinde düşüş sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir
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    Investigation of the effect of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract against cisplatin-induced renal cell injury in vitro
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2017) Yarim, Gul Fatma; Kazak, Filiz; Sozmen, Mahmut; Koca, Ilkay; Albayrak, Harun; Yarim, Murat; Cenesiz, Sena
    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of cornelian cherry fruit extract against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. Materials and methods: African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero) were incubated with 100 mg/mL of cornelian cherry fruit extract, 50 mu mol/L of cisplatin or 50 mu mol/L of cisplatin plus 100 mg/mL of cornelian cherry fruit extract for 4 h. The wells containing cells without any supplementation served as control. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay. Culture mediums were collected, centrifuged and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results: The cell viability was 59% in cells co-treated with cisplatin and cornelian cherry fruit extract simultaneously and 42% in cisplatin treated cells. The cellular damage ratio was elevated in cells treated with cisplatin. However, when cisplatin combined with cornelian cherry fruit extract the deleterious effects of cisplatin were significantly decreased. The MDA concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05), GSH concentration and GPx and SOD activities were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in cisplatin treated group when compared with control group, cornelian cherry group, and cisplatin + cornelian cherry group. Conclusion: The present study indicated that cornelian cherry fruit extract exert protective effects on oxidative damage in vitro induced by cisplatin.