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    Effect of ghrelin on gastric myoelectric activity and gastric emptying in rats
    (Elsevier, 2008) Tumer, Cemil; Oflazoglu, Hueda Diken; Obay, Basra Deniz; Kelle, Mustafa; Tasdemir, Ezel
    Ghrelin is a recently discovered peptide in the endocrine cells of the stomach, which may stimulate gastric motility via the vagal nerve pathway. However, the mechanism of ghrelin-induced changes in gastrointestinal motility has not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of ghrelin on gastric myoelectrical activity and gastric emptying in rats, and to investigate whether cholinergic activity is involved in the effects of ghrelin. The study was performed on Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with serosal electrodes for electrogastrographic recording. Gastric slow waves were recorded from fasting rats at baseline and after injection of saline, ghrelin, atropine, or atropin+ghrelin. Gastric emptying of non-caloric liquid was measured by the spectrophotometric method in conscious rats. Intravenous administration of rat ghrelin (20 mu g/kg) increased not only dominant frequency, dominant power and regularity of the gastric slow wave but also the gastric emptying rate when compared with the control rats (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.001 respectively). These stimulatory actions of ghrelin on both gastric myoelectrical activity and gastric emptying were not fully eliminated by pretreatment with atropine sulphate. These results taken together suggest that ghrelin may play a physiological role in the enteric neurotransmission controlling gastric contractions in rats. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of nitric oxide on phagocytic activity of lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages
    (Wiley, 2007) Tumer, Cemil; Bilgin, Hakki Murat; Obay, Basra Deniz; Diken, Huda; Atmaca, Mukadder; Kelle, Mustafa
    Among the antimicrobial mechanisms associated with macrophages, NO produced by iNOS plays a major role in intracellular killing, but the relationship between NO and phagocytic activity after injection of inflammatory agents into the peritoneal cavity is not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on macrophage function after treatment with intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the role of exogenous L-arginine administration in this event. Six experimental groups and one control group, each consisting of seven Wistar rats were used: Group I: Control; Group II: LPS; Group III: LPS + L-arginine; Group IV: LPS + L-arginine + Aminoguanidine; Group V: LPS + Aminoguanidine; Group VI: L-arginine; Group VII: Aminoguanidine. Macrophage phagocytic activity and total plasma nitrite levels were increased in the LPS group. In the LPS + L-arginine group, both the phagocytic activity and total plasma nitrite levels showed large increases. Administration of aminoguanidine (AG), a specific iNOS inhibitor, abolished macrophage phagocytic activity and total plasma nitrite levels in the LPS and LPS + L-arginine groups. As a result, we showed that NO produced by macrophages has a role not only in intracellular killing, but also in phagocytic activity. (c) 2006 International Federation for Cell Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.