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Öğe Assessing Farm Tractor Incidents and Awareness Levels of Operators for Tractor Safety Issues in the Hatay Province of Turkey(Amer Soc Agricultural & Biological Engineers, 2012) Keskin, S. Gorucu; Keskin, M.; Soysal, Y.Studies and statistical data on safety issues related to farm tractors and machinery are very limited in developing countries, including Turkey. This study was carried out to investigate tractor-related incidents in the Hatay province, located in the mid-south of Turkey. A questionnaire was conducted with 107 tractor operators using face-to-face interviews. Data were evaluated according to the incident type, machinery involved, and mechanism of injury or fatality. A total of 101 incidents were reported by 77 of the 107 respondents. Most of the incidents were due to tractor rollovers (65.4%), 14.8% of the incidents were due to entanglement of body parts in moving machinery, and 12.9% involved crashing into other vehicles or obstacles. The leading cause of the incidents was personal mistakes (60.4%). Fatalities resulted from 25.7% of the incidents, while 45.5% of the incidents caused non-fatal injuries. Only 5.6% of the tractors had a ROPS-enclosed cab. The percentage of ROPS-equipped tractors was 19.6%, while 41.3% of the tractors had a shade cover and 33.6% had no protective structure. Only one of the respondents used a seatbelt, although 44.9% of them stated that seatbelts should be used. It was also found that only 13.5% of the operators had training in work safety, while 95.1% stated that incidents might be reduced if people were trained. Development of appropriate policies and training programs are needed for safer operation of agricultural machinery to reduce injuries and fatalities due to farm accidents.Öğe Assessing farm tractor incidents and awareness levels of operators for tractor safety issues in the Hatay province of Turkey(2012) Görücü Keskin, S.; Keskin, M.; Soysal, Y.Studies and statistical data on safety issues related to farm tractors and machinery are very limited in developing countries, including Turkey. This study was carried out to investigate tractor-related incidents in the Hatay province, located in the midsouth of Turkey. A questionnaire was conducted with 107 tractor operators using face-toface interviews. Data were evaluated according to the incident type, machinery involved, and mechanism of injury or fatality. A total of 101 incidents were reported by 77 of the 107 respondents. Most of the incidents were due to tractor rollovers (65.4%), 14.8% of the incidents were due to entanglement of body parts in moving machinery, and 12.9% involved crashing into other vehicles or obstacles. The leading cause of the incidents was personal mistakes (60.4%). Fatalities resulted from 25.7% of the incidents, while 45.5% of the incidents caused non-fatal injuries. Only 5.6% of the tractors had a ROPSenclosed cab. The percentage of ROPS-equipped tractors was 19.6%, while 41.3% of the tractors had a shade cover and 33.6% had no protective structure. Only one of the respondents used a seatbelt, although 44.9% of them stated that seatbelts should be used. It was also found that only 13.5% of the operators had training in work safety, while 95.1% stated that incidents might be reduced if people were trained. Development of appropriate policies and training programs are needed for safer operation of agricultural machinery to reduce injuries and fatalities due to farm accidents. © 2012 ASABE.Öğe Assessment of applied microwave power of intermittent microwave-dried carrot powders from colour and NIRS(Eesti Pollumajandusulikool, 2019) Keskin, M.; Soysal, Y.; Sekerli, Y.E.; Arslan, A.; Celiktas, N.Applied microwave (MW) power level is an essential factor on the quality of the dried agricultural products. Even if higher MW powers result in shorter drying times, they lead to quality degradations. It is almost impossible to know the applied MW power of a dried and powdered product by human vision. Thus, the aim of this study was to predict the applied MW power of carrot powders by using two different instruments, a chromameter and FT-NIRS. The experiments were carried out at nine different power levels (100–500 W) with three replications (N = 27). The colour and NIR reflectance was measured using a chromameter and NIRS system. The data was analysed using PLS regression. The drying time of intermittent MW drying at the highest applied power of 500 W was 1.12–5.47 times shorter than those of other lower applied powers. Applied MW power was a crucial factor on all colour parameters of the powdered carrots. Brightness (L*) decreased significantly with the increase of applied MW power resulting in darker product colours. Data analysis results showed that the NIRS system (R2 = 0.99; SEP = 16.1 W) can predict the microwave power of powdered carrots with significantly better performance than a chromameter (R2 = 0.95; SEP = 29.9 W). But, the chromamater is far more inexpensive when compared with the NIRS system and hence, it can also be used to predict the applied MW power from the colour data relatively well. Also, a mathematical model was developed to predict applied MW power from the colour parameters. © 2019, Eesti Pollumajandusulikool. All rights reserved.Öğe Awareness and adoption of precision agriculture in the Cukurova region of Turkey(Eesti Pollumajandusulikool, 2016) Keskin, M.; Sekerli, Y.E.Adoption of precision agriculture (PA) technologies has an increasing trend in developed countries. However, it is not well known in developing countries including Turkey. No study was reported on the awareness of PA in Turkey before. The objectives of this study were to assess the awareness of PA in the Cukurova region of Turkey using an interview survey study and also to briefly inform each survey participant about these technologies. The study was conducted with 164 participants that were agricultural engineers, farm equipment dealers and farmers. 90.2% of all participants reported that they followed new trends in agriculture. However, 51.8% of all participants indicated that they did not hear the term ‘PA’ before. Only 29.3% of the participants who heard the term ‘PA’ knew its concept. Internet was the most important means to gather information on new technologies. Most three well-known technologies by all participants were satellite positioning (GPS) (81.7%), geographical information systems (GIS) (69.5%) and remote sensing (61.0%) as the least known two ones were variable rate application (33.5%) and soil sampling and mapping (34.8%). In addition, a training brochure was handed out to each participant and the PA technologies were explained. 97.6% of the participants expressed that these technologies would be somehow beneficial for agriculture in Turkey. 88.4% of the participants wanted to get more detailed training on these technologies. Also, information on recent developments in the adoption of PA technologies is included in the paper. © 2016, Eesti Pollumajandusulikool. All rights reserved.Öğe Controlling the photoperiod to raise the melatonin content of sheep milk. Photoperiod control and milk melatonin content(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Keskin, M.; Gul, S.; Karaaslan, I; Yakan, A.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of changing photoperiod time on the melatonin content of sheep milk. The animal material of the study consisted of 40 heads of Awassi sheep that gave birth in May 2021. The sheep were given roughage containing dry matter with 2.5% of their body weight and concentrated feed (2400-2600 kcal ME and 15-16% Crude Protein) as the 40% of their milk yield each day during the lactation period. The experimental ewes were randomly assigned into two groups with 20 animals in each. While the control group sheep were managed with normal day-time length during the lactation, the photoperiod restriction group were kept in the shed with 16 hours of darkness and 8 hours of daylight for 2 months. At the end of the two months, ewes of the both groups were managed in normal daylight until the end of lactation period. During the photoperiod restriction term, milk samples were taken at an interval of 14 days, while the milk composition was determined by a milk analyser and melatonin contents were determined by using LC MS/MS. In addition, lactation milk yield and lactation periods were estimated for all sheep. Statistical evaluation of the obtained data was done by using the SPSS package program. At the end of the study, the application of the extended dark period was found to be affected milk yield (P<0.05) as well as melatonin amount in the milk (P<0.001). Significantly higher melatonin amount was observed in the milk of sheep kept in a long-term dark environment compared to those exposed to normal photoperiod (11.06 +/- 7.24 pg/ml vs 6.12 +/- 4.55 pg/ml; P<0.001, respectively). As a result, it was determined that the prolonged dark period during a day increases the milk melatonin content. It can be also stated that the sheep's milk to be produced with this application could be a product that could take place in the functional food market.Öğe Effects of feed refreshing frequency on growth and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs(South African Journal Of Animal Sciences, 2007) Keskin, M.; Gul, S.; Sahin, A.; Kaya, S.; Duru, M.; Gorgulu, O.; Sahinler, S.Sixty, two-month old male Awassi lambs were used in this study to investigate the effects of feed refreshing (FR) frequencies on their growth and carcass characteristics over a period of 65 days, Treatments were: Feed refreshing at 2 h (FR2), 4 h (FR4), 8 h (FR8), 12 h (FR12) and 24 h (FR24) intervals. The lambs were fed individually, At the onset of each refreshing period the lambs were offered fresh feed ad libitum. Daily feed intakes, weekly live weights and carcass characteristics were recorded. Daily feed intakes per lamb per treatment were; 1.13 kg, 1.05 kg, 1.00 kg, 0.98 kg and 0.95 kg; daily gains were 193.6 g, 180.6 g, 148,6 g, 169.3 g and 146.4 g; feed conversion ratios (kg feed/kg gain) were 6.1, 6.7, 7.2, 7.2 and 7.5; hot carcass weights were 13.0 kg, 13.1 kg, 12.1 kg, 13.3 kg and 13.1 kg; dressing percentages were 42.3%, 42.4%, 39.9%, 40.2% and 41.2%; the proportion of muscle in the carcass was 52.0%, 55.2%, 55.6%, 55.8% and 54.8%; bone ratio was 20.4%, 20.3%, 21.9%, 21.1% and 20.9%; subcutaneous fat ratio was 16.9%, 14.2%, 12.9%, 12.7% and 14.0% and intramuscular fat ratio was 8.8%, 7.1%, 6.8%, 8.7% and 7.7% in FR2, FR4, FR8, FR12 and FR24 treatments, respectively. Results showed that frequent feed refreshing stimulated feed intake and daily gain without affecting carcass characteristics.Öğe Intermittent Microwave-convective Air Drying of Oregano(Sage Publications Ltd, 2009) Soysal, Y.; Arslan, M.; Keskin, M.Effectiveness of intermittent microwave-convective air drying (IMWC) was investigated and compared to continuous microwave-convective air drying (CMWC) and convective air drying for oregano. Both CMWC and IMWC increased the drying rate of oregano compared to convective drying. The CMWC and IMWC were 12.7-14.0 and 4.7-11.2 times more energy efficient in drying than convective drying, respectively. The highest essential oil contents were obtained from convective drying at 40 degrees C and 45 degrees C. However, these treatments had the longest drying time and the highest energy consumption. The CMWC yielded the lowest essential oil content and resulted in an extreme change in the essential oil composition. The IMWC, except with the pulse ratio of 3.0, resulted in similar essential oil content compared to convective drying at 50 degrees C and shade drying. No identical result was found among the prevailing compounds of essential oil of oregano obtained from shade drying, convective drying and IMWC. Both CMWC and IMWC did not yield acceptable results of product color. However, in terms of essential oil content and quality, the IMWC at 25 degrees C room temperature with the pulse ratio of 5.0 was judged as the most suitable drying method for oregano due to its rational drying time and energy consumption compared to CMWC drying, convective air dying, and shade drying.Öğe REFLECTANCE-BASED SENSOR TO PREDICT VISUAL QUALITY RATINGS OF TURFGRASS PLOTS(Amer Soc Agricultural & Biological Engineers, 2008) Keskin, M.; Han, Y. J.; Dodd, R. B.; Khalilian, A.Turfgrass quality is visually evaluated by human assessors based on a settle of 1 to 9. This evaluation practice is subjective and does not provide accurate and reproducible measure of the turf quality. The aim of this research was to design a portable optical sensor to predict the quality ratings of turfgrass research plots from spectral reflectance. Reflectance data were collected using a dual spectroradiometer covering a spectrum of 350-1050 nm front bermudagrass and bluegrass research plots. Two different regression methods, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), were used and compared. Two wavelength bands centered at 680 nm (Red) and 780 nm (NIR) were identified since these bands carry useful information in the prediction of turfgrass visual quality The average Standard Error of Cross Validation (SECV) was found to be about 0.76 and 0.88 by using the model with Red and NIR bands for bermudagrass and bluegrass data sets, respectively. A simple prototype sensor using the two identified bands was fabricated and tested. The prototype sensor predicted the visual quality ratings as well as the spectroradiometer with a SECV of about 0.57 using two bands.
