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Öğe Adaptation of endemic mediterranean Sternbergia candida Mathew Et T. Baytop in the continental climate of central anatolia(Elsevier, 2009) Gurbuz, Bilal; Arslan, Neset; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Ipek, Arif; Sarihan, Ercument Osman; Ozcan, Sebahattin; Parmaksiz, IskenderSternbergia candida is an important endemic bulbous plant with beautiful white flowers. It grows on the rock slopes of Baba mountains under Lebanon Cedars in the Mugla province of Turkey with Mediterranean climate. The plant is vulnerable and endangered due to illegal collection for local and foreign flower industry. Fast developing tourism industry and rapid urbanization has also shown negative implications on its population. The study reports three years successful adaptation results of S. candida in the continental climate of Ankara in the Central Anatolia. Four groups of bulbs based on diameter (>2.45, 2.15-2.44, 1.85-2.14 and <1.84 cm) were collected from its natural habitat during March, April and May 1998 and were evaluated for frequency (%) of emergence, mean number of leaves per plant, mean plant height, frequency (%) of flowering, frequency (%) of fruit setting. mean number of bulbs per plant, and mean diameter (cm) of regenerated bulbs. All categories of bulbs could be multiplied and adapted successfully with variable frequency of fruit setting. However, the highest fruit set was recorded from 2.15-2.44 cm April collected bulbs. This indicated that the bulb diameter and collection time had clear implications on multiplication, propagation and adaptation of the plant. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Dark green colored seeds increase the seed vigor and germination ability in dry green pea (Pisum Sativum L.)(2008) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kaya, Gamze; Kaya, Muharrem; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThree green-seeded dry pea genotypes cvs. 'Rondo', 'Carina' and 'Jof with each genotypes producing a mixture of light (L), medium (M) and dark (D) green seed at maturity were evaluated for their germination behavior and seedling growth for salinity tolerance. Electrical conductivities of NaCl solutions were 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 dS m-1. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of green pea seed coat color from light to dark green on germination ability and seedling growth under varying salinity conditions. The results revealed that increased salinity levels generally resulted in decreased measurement of all the traits but mean germination time was increased with higher salinity levels. Of the three genotypes, cv. Carina had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and the fastest mean germination time. Dark green colored seeds germinated faster than light ones. Additionally, the dark green colored seeds had the highest shoot and root length and fresh weight. The accelerated ageing (AA) and the electrical conductivity (EC) tests showed significant differences in seed vigor of cultivars and green color tones (p<0.01). The results of AA and EC tests confirmed that cv. Carina was superior to the others in terms of seed vigor. Additionally, the dark green seeds of the cultivars showed higher seed vigor than that of light and medium.. Our results suggest that cultivars with dark green colored seeds could be preferred on saline conditions due to their high seed vigor and seedling growth ability.Öğe DARK GREEN COLORED SEEDS INCREASE THE SEED VIGOR AND GERMINATION ABILITY IN DRY GREEN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2008) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kaya, Gamze; Kaya, Muharrem; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThree green-seeded dry pea genotypes cvs. 'Rondo', 'Carina' and 'Jof' with each genotypes producing a mixture of light (L), medium (M) and dark (D) green seed at maturity were evaluated for their germination behavior and seedling growth for salinity tolerance. Electrical conductivities of NaCl solutions were 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 dS m(-1). The objective of this study was to determine the influence of green pea seed coat color from light to dark green on germination ability and seedling growth under varying salinity conditions. The results revealed that increased salinity levels generally resulted in decreased measurement of all the traits but mean germination time was increased with higher salinity levels. Of the three genotypes, cv. Carina had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and the fastest mean germination time. Dark green colored seeds germinated faster than light ones. Additionally, the dark green colored seeds had the highest shoot and root length and fresh weight. The accelerated ageing (AA) and the electrical conductivity (EC) tests showed significant differences in seed vigor of cultivars and green color tones (p < 0.01). The results of AA and EC tests confirmed that cv. Carina was superior to the others in terms of seed vigor. Additionally, the dark green seeds of the cultivars showed higher seed vigor than that of light and medium. Our results suggest that cultivars with dark green colored seeds could be preferred on saline conditions due to their high seed vigor and seedling growth ability.Öğe Effect of age on somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of 5 Turkish triticale genotypes(Academic Journals, 2008) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Muharrem; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Saglam, Sevil; Oezcan, Sebahattin; Ciftci, Cemalettin YasarTriticale is an important cereal crop grown throughout the world. The study reports somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of 5 Turkish triticale genotypes. The explants were initially cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg dm(-3) 2,4-D, 500 mg dm(-3) glutamine, 100 mg dm(-3) casein hydrolysate, 2% sucrose and 7% agar for two weeks in the dark. The temperature was maintained at 24 +/- 2 degrees C. Thereafter, the developing embryogenic calli were transferred to MS medium without 2,4-D to achieve embryogenesis under light intensity of 30 000 lux in 16 h light 8 h dark photoperiod at 24 +/- 2 degrees C for 2 weeks. The developing somatic embryos were then transferred to MS medium to mature them and obtain plantlets. The highest number of 9.63 somatic embryos per explant were recorded for genotype LAD388 from 14 - 16 days old explants. The experiment clearly established that 14 - 16 days old explants were superior compared to 17 - 19 days old explants in terms of number of somatic embryos per explant. The matured plantlets were acclimatised in the greenhouse on organic matter rich soil mix contained in pots.Öğe Interaction between seed size and NaCl on germination and early seedling growth of some Turkish cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(Zhejiang Univ, 2008) Kaya, Muharrem; Kaya, Gamze; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Atak, Mehmet; Saglam, Sevil; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Ciftci, Cemalettin YasarChickpea is an important food legume crop of Turkey and is largely grown for human consumption on low moisture or salt-affected soils. The objective of the study was to find the effects of NaCl stress at electrical conductivities of 4.5, 8.6, 12.7 and 16.3 dS/m and seed sizes (7, 8 and 9 mm) on germination and early seedling growth of three popular chickpea cultivars (AKN-97, Gokce and Uzunlu-99). Mean frequency of germination, germination time, germination index, root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight showed seed size-dependent responses of cultivars to salt stress. In general, small seeds germinated and grew more rapidly compared to medium and large seeds of the same cultivars against all levels of salt stress, with the best results in cultivar Uzunlu-99. No effect of NaCl treatments was observed on frequency of germination; however, a drastic decrease in early seedling growth was recorded at increased NaCl concentrations. Regression analysis results showed a significantly positive relationship (P < 0.01) between seed size and mean germination time, whereas a significantly negative relationship was recorded between seed size and germination index, root length, shoot length. Moreover, linear regression values apparently confirmed that increased seed size in each cultivar affected decreased germination index, root and shoot lengths with enhanced mean germination time. Thus, it was concluded that the use of small seeds could considerably reduce the production costs of chickpea in salt-affected soils.Öğe Use of gamma rays to induce mutations in four pea (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivars(2006) Çiftçi, Cemalettin Yaşar; Divanlı Türkan, Aslı; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Atak, MehmetThe study reports a 3-step optimization to find out the effects of cytokinins BAP and TDZ on seed germination and g rays to induce mutations in 4 pea cultivars: Winner, Sprinter, Bolero and Karina. It was observed that germination was independent of the dose of g rays and was mainly affected by the germination capability of the genotypes and doses of BAP and TDZ in the germination medium. Seed germination was better on germination medium containing 50 µM BAP than 10 µM TDZ. Variable rooting was observed on shoots obtained from non-irradiated seeds germinated on MS medium containing 50 µM BAP. However, shoots of 2 cv. Winner irradiated with 60 Gy and Karina irradiated with 140 Gy g rays and germinated on 50 µM BAP showed reduced rooting.
