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Öğe Changes in soil organic carbon and other physical soil properties along ajacent Mediterranean forest, grassland, and cropland ecosystems(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2004) Evrendilek, F; Celik, I; Kilic, SCultivation, overgrazing, and overharvesting are seriously degrading forest and grassland ecosystems in the Taurus Mountains of the southern Mediterranean region of Turkey. This study investigated the effects of changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and other physical soil properties over a 12-year period in three adjacent ecosystems in a Mediterranean plateau. The ecosystems were cropland (converted from grasslands in 1990), open forest, and grassland. Soil samples from two depths, 0-10 and 10-20cm, were collected for chemical and physical analyses at each of cropland, open forest, and grassland ecosystems. SOC pools at the 0-20 cm depth of cropland, forest, and grassland ecosystems were estimated at 32,636, 56,480, and 57,317 kg ha(-1), respectively. Conversion of grassland into cropland during the 12-year period increased the bulk density by 10.5% and soil erodibility by 46.2%; it decreased SOM by 48.8%, SOC content by 43%, available water capacity (AWC) by 30.5%, and total porosity by 9.1% for the 0-20 cm soil depth (p < 0.001). The correlation matrix revealed that SOC content was positively correlated with AWC, total porosity, mean weight diameter (MWD), forest, and grassland, and negatively with bulk density, pH, soil erodibility factor, and cropland. The multiple regression (MLR) models indicated that any two of the three ecosystems and one of the two soil depths accounted for 86.5% of variation in mean SOC values ((P<0.001). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Dependence of zeta potential and soil hydraulic conductivity on adsorbed cation and aqueous phase properties(Soil Sci Soc Amer, 2004) Aydin, M; Yano, T; Kilic, SThis paper deals with the effects of pH, electrolyte concentration, and exchangeable Na percentage (ESP) on electrophoretic mobility (EM)/zeta potential (zetap) of clay particles and hydraulic conductivity (HC) of the clay/sand mixtures. The soils taken from Japan and Kazakhstan were used for obtaining clay fractions. For EM determinations, clay suspensions were prepared at a concentration of 4 g of clay per 100 mL of distilled water (DW) or electrolyte solution. The electrophoretic mobilities were measured using Burton apparatus with water-cooling system and converted into p. For HC measurements, clay/sand mixtures were designated 16:84. Columns of these mixtures were prepared by packing 120 g of mixtures into 50-mm diameter plastic cylinders to a bulk density of about 1.4 g cm(-3). Results showed clearly that the mobility was very sensitive to the ion valence adsorbed on the clay. The negative electrophoretic mobilities of homoionic Na-Ariake soil (AS) clay and Na-Kzyl-Orda soil (KS) clay were 2.13 X 10(-8) and 2.14 X 10(-8) m(2) s(-1) V-1, respectively, whereas Ca clays flocculated. The p values of AS clay and KS clay, as a function of the ESP, varied between -12.83 and -26.84 mV, and -5.68 and -27.00 mV, respectively, at ESP > 30. Although the smectitic AS clay was less sensitive than the micaceous KS clay to pH changes during electrophoresis experiment, its HC also was affected by pH changes. Decreased pH from 7 to 5 could easily result in two to three times high HC values for both clay/sand mixtures. The EM of both soil clays was similar at pH 10 to 12, and exchangeable Na percentages 90 to 100. Sharp increases in EM and decreases in HC of AS clay were observed at exchangeable Na percentages 50 and 60, respectively. Similar trends related to EM were also obtained for the KS clay. However, salt concentration of the suspension solution did not have consistent effect on the EM values. This behavior of the clays was consistent with HC observation. The results indicated that HC of the clay/sand mixtures could he correlated to p. The saturated HC of the mixtures was found to change as an exponential function of the zetap of clay particles.Öğe Effect of farmyard manure and mineral fertilization on growth and yield of early potato (Solanum tuberosum) under the Mediterranean conditions in Turkey(Indian Soc Agronomy, 2004) Caliskan, ME; Kilic, S; Gunel, E; Mert, MA field experiment was conducted during the winter and spring months of 2000 and 2001 at Hatay, Turkey (36degrees 39. N, 36degrees 40' E), to study the effects of farmyard manure (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 tonnes/ha) and mineral fertilization (no or 200-90-90 kg/ha N-P-K respectively) on growth and yield of early potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop. Mineral fertilization significantly increased values of morphological traits and tuber yield, while it had negative effect on dry matter content of tuber. The application of farmyard manure also had positive effects on growth and yield with or without mineral fertilization. The farmyard manure also increased the efficiency of mineral fertilization. Tuber yield increased as the farmyard manure levels increased under non-mineral fertilized conditions while no significant increase obtained from 40 and 50 tonnes manure/ha rates in mineral-fertilized plots. Aplication of farmyard manure significantly increased the dry-matter content of tuber and this was more evident in mineral fertilized plots.Öğe Effects of compost, mycorrhiza, manure and fertilizer on some physical properties of a Chromoxerert soil(Elsevier, 2004) Celik, I; Ortas, I; Kilic, SAddition of organic materials of various origins to soil has been one of the most common rehabilitation practices to improve soil physical properties. Mycorrhiza has been known to play a significant role in forming stable soil aggregates. In this study. a 5-year field experiment was conducted to explore the role of mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertilizers on the alteration of physical properties of a semi-arid Mediterranean soil (Entic Chromoxerert, Arik clay-loam soil). From 1995 to 1999. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pepper (Capsicum annumn L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat were sequentially planted with one of five fertilizers: (1) control, (2) inorganic (160-26-83 kg N-P-K ha(-1)), (3) compost at 25 t ha(-1), (4) farm manure at 25 t ha(-1) and (5) mycorrhiza-inoculated compost at 10 t ha(-1). Soil physical properties were significantly affected by organic fertilizers. For soil depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm, mean weight diameter (MWD) was highest under the manure treatment while total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were highest under the compost treatment. For a soil depth of 0-15 cm, the compost and manure-treated plots significantly decreased soil bulk density and increased soil organic matter concentration compared with other treatments. Compost and manure treatments increased available water content (AWC) of soils by 86 and 56%, respectively. The effect of inorganic fertilizer treatment on most soil physical properties was insignificant (P > 0.05) compared with the control. Mycorrhizal inoculation + compost was more effective in improving soil physical properties than the inorganic treatment. Organic fertilizer sources were shown to have major positive effects on soil physical properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Environmental monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in a Mediterranean region of Turkey(Springer, 2006) Kilic, S; Evrendilek, F; Berberoglu, S; Demirkesen, AUnprecedented rates of human-induced changes in land use and land cover (LULC) at local and regional scales lead to alterations of global biogeochemical cycles. Driving forces behind LULC changes mainly include rapid growth rates of population and consumption, lack of valuation of ecological services, poverty, ignorance of biophysical limitations, and use of ecologically incompatible technologies. One of the major ecological tragedies of the commons in a Mediterranean region of Turkey is the loss of Lake Amik at the expense of increasing the area of croplands, which used to provide vital ecosystem goods and services for the region. In this study, we aimed at quantifying the effects of past land-use transitions on soil organic carbon (SOC) pools (0-20 cm) in a Mediterranean region of 3930 km(2), between 1972 and 2000. LULC changes were quantified from a time series of satellite images of Landsat-MSS in 1972, Landsat-5 TM in 1987, and Landsat-7 ETM+ in 2000 using geographic information systems. The study showed that the increase in croplands between 1972 and 1987 took place at the expense of the irreversible losses of Lake Amik and its related wetlands of over 53 km(2). In the period of 1972 to 2000, croplands, settlements, and evergreen forests increased by 174%, 106%, and 14%, respectively. The increase in settlements occurred mostly to the detriment of croplands. Given the average rates of all the land-use transitions, and associated changes in SOC density for the study region of 3930 km(2), total SOC pool was estimated to decrease by 14.1% from 130.1 Mt in 1972 to 111.7 Mt in 2000.Öğe Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis antibodies in Turkey(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2005) Aslantas, O; Kilic, S; Cayal, HRandomly collected serum samples from 288 dogs from four different provinces (Mersin, Gaziantep, Hatay and Adana) located in southern Turkey were examined to detect antibodies against Ehrlichia canis using the indirect immunofluorescent assay. The overall serprevalence was 14.6%. Prevalence of the infection varied between 7.8-30.4% among the provinces. The results demonstrate that ehrlichiosis is endemic in the southern part of Turkey.
