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    Is There a Relation between Reticular Formation and Storage Symptoms in Men
    (Wiley, 2014) Zorba, Orhan U.; Kirbas, Serkan; Uzun, Hakki; Onem, Kadir; Cetinkaya, Mehmet; Rifaioglu, Mehmet M.
    ObjectiveTo reveal brainstem originated pathology in men with different types of lower urinary tract symptoms blink reflex latency times were assessed. MethodsA total of 32 men, 16 with storage and 16 with voiding symptoms, were enrolled in the study. Blink reflex latency times were analyzed through electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve. Two responses in the orbicularis oculi muscle were recorded: the latency times for the early ipsilateral response, R1, and the late bilateral responses, R2. ResultsThe mean ages of the patients with storage and voiding symptoms were 57.316.87 and 58.06 +/- 6.29years, respectively. The R2 latency times were significantly longer in men with storage symptoms. However, the R1 latency times were similar for the two groups. ConclusionLate blink latency times were long only in patients who had storage symptoms. An oligosynaptic path through the trigeminal nuclei, which includes one or two interneurons, is responsible for early response; however, late response is relayed through a polysynaptic path, including neurons in the reticular formation. It has also been shown that stimulation of the pontine reticular formation inhibits the micturition contraction. In some patients, storage symptoms may result from pathology that originates with the reticular formation and this pathology may lead to increases in late blink latency times. Additional studies are needed on other reflexes that are mediated through reticular formation, in order to show the possible dysfunction of the reticular formation in men with storage symptoms.
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    Overactive Bladder and Pontine Reticular Formation
    (Karger, 2013) Zorba, Orhan Unal; Kirbas, Serkan; Uzun, Hakki; Cetinkaya, Mehmet; Onem, Kadir; Rifaioglu, Mehmet Murat
    Background: The etiology of overactive bladder (OAB) remains unclear. Observed neurogenic factors in the literature are limited to suprapontine or spinal pathologies. The blink reflex is a useful tool in the evaluation of brainstem functions. Blink reflex latency times were evaluated in order to reveal pathology in the brainstem. Methods: A total of 60 women, 30 patients with idiopathic OAB and 30 healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. Blink reflex latency times were analyzed by electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve. Two responses in the orbicularis oculi muscle, early ipsilateral response (R1) and late bilateral response (R2) latency times, were recorded. Results: Mean ages of the patients and controls were 51.9 +/- 5.3 and 49.2 +/- 6.2 years, respectively. R2 latency times were significantly higher in patients than in controls. However, R1 latency times were similar between the two groups. Conclusions:The results of the study suggest a significant relation between late blink latencytimes and OAB. An oligosynaptic path via the trigeminal nuclei is responsible for R1; however, R2 response is relayed through the reticular formation. Stimulation of pontine reticular formation inhibits micturition contraction. In some patients, idiopathic OAB may result from reticular formation-originated pathology. Additional studies on other reticular formation-mediated reflexes are needed to reveal possible dysfunction of reticular formation. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel