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    Conjunctival Histopathological Changes in Children With Vitamin D Deficiency
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2022) Aydemir, Gozde Aksoy; Ilhan, Cagri; Pehlivanoglu, Burcin; Aydemir, Emre; Kiziltoprak, Hasan; Bolu, Semih
    Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate tear function-associated clinical findings and conjunctival histopathological changes in children with vitamin D (Vit-D) deficiency. Methods: This study used a prospective case-control design. Group 1 (n=38) comprised pediatric patients with Vit-D deficiency, and group 2 (n=45) was the control group. Tear break-up times (TBUTs), Schirmer-1 test measurements, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) results of the groups were compared. Results: The participant demographic characteristics, including the mean age and the male-to-female ratio, were similar (P>0.05). The median TBUT and Schirmer-1 test measurement were 10 s (5-15) and 12 mm (6-19) in group 1 and 11 s (6-16) and 15 mm (8-21) in group 2 (P=0.004 and P=0.013, respectively). The median OSDI scores were 16 (10-20) in group 1 and 17 (10-21) in group 2 (P=0.092). According to the CIC, 25 samples in group 1 and 40 samples in group 2 were categorized as grade 0, 11 samples in group 1 and 5 samples in group 2 were categorized as grade 1, and 2 samples in group 1 and no sample in group 2 were categorized as grade 2 (P=0.027). Conclusion: Significant conjunctival histopathological changes occur in children with Vit-D deficiency, and these changes have effects on some tear function-associated clinical findings including the Schirmer-1 test and TBUT measurements.
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    Evaluation of static and dynamic pupil characteristics in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2019) Yetkin, Esat; Tekin, Kemal; Kiziltoprak, Hasan; Sekeroglu, Mehmet Ali; Cankurtaran, Veysel; Yasar, Hakan Halit
    Purpose: The aim of this study is to perform a comparison of static and dynamic pupillometry measurements in patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and age-matched controls. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study consisted of 38 patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 80 control subjects. A quantitative pupillometry system was used to evaluate the pupil characteristics of higher hyperopic eyes (Group 1), the fellow eyes (Group 2), and healthy eyes (Group 3). Static pupillometry measurements were taken including scotopic pupil diameter, mesopic pupil diameter, low-photopic pupil diameter, and high-photopic pupil diameter. Subsequently, dynamic pupillometry measurements were taken including resting diameter, amplitude of pupil contraction, latency of pupil contraction, duration of pupil contraction, velocity of pupil contraction, latency of pupil dilation, duration of pupil dilation, and velocity of pupil dilation. Results: Groups 1 and 2 had statistically significantly lower scotopic and high-photopic pupil diameter values compared with Group 3 (p < 0.05). The amplitude of pupil contraction values were also statistically significantly lower in Groups 1 and 2 compared with Group 3 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003). However, there were no significant differences between the study and the control eyes with respect to mesopic and high-photopic pupil diameter, resting diameter, latency of pupil contraction, duration of pupil contraction, velocity of pupil contraction, latency of pupil dilation, duration of pupil dilation, and velocity of pupil dilation values (p > 0.05, for all). Conclusion: Static and dynamic pupil characteristics of higher hyperopic eyes and their fellow eyes are similar. This may support that amblyopia is not a monocular disorder, but can affect both eyes.
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    Evaluation of topographic, tomographic, topometric, densitometric, and aberrometric features of cornea with pentacam HR system in subclinical keratoconus
    (Springer, 2021) Ozkan, Haci Hasan; Koc, Mustafa; Kiziltoprak, Hasan; Tekin, Kemal; Aydemir, Emre
    Purpose To investigate topographic, tomographic, topometric, densitometric, and aberrometric parameters in subclinical keratoconus with the Pentacam HR imaging system. Methods Data of 3128 patients were evaluated, finding in 108 patients clinical keratoconus in one eye and subclinical keratoconus in the other. Corneal topographic, tomographic, topometric, densitometric, and aberrometric values obtained using the Pentacam HR imaging system were compared between clinical keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus, and normal eyes. Results Comparing eyes with subclinical keratoconus and the control group, while flat K, horizontal coma, horizontal trefoil, and vertical trefoil values were similar (p > 0.05 for each), all other parameters were significantly different (p < 0.05 for each). Densitometry values of eyes with subclinical keratoconus were significantly higher in all layers of the 0-2 mm annular area and in the anterior and central layers of the 2-6 mm annular area compared to the control group (p < 0.05 for each). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the densitometry region with the largest area under the curve was the anterior layer of the 0-2 mm annular area. The sensitivity in this region was 79.4% and the specificity 73.2% in distinguishing eyes with subclinical keratoconus from normal eyes when 19.3 GSU was considered the threshold. Conclusion Corneal densitometry values in the 0-2 and 2-6 mm annular areas, especially in the anterior layers, are parameters that can be used to predict and distinguish subclinical keratoconus from normal eyes.