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    A comparison of levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in raw and cooked fish
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Sungur, Sana; Kanan, Erdi; Koroglu, Muaz
    Numerous studies have been conducted to determine perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) contents of fish consumed by people in different regions and countries. However, study concerning the effects of cooking on the increase or decrease of perfluorinated compounds in fish is rather limited. The effectiveness of three cooking methods (e.g. baking, boiling, frying) on reducing PFOA and PFOS levels in eight fish species was examined. All cooking methods reduced PFOA and PFOS concentrations. The results showed that the greatest reduction in fish PFOA and PFOS contents occurred in the frying of sunflower oil for 20 min. As a result of the 20 min frying process in sunflower oil, 70% to 86% decrease in PFOA amounts and 82% to 89% reduction in PFOS amounts were determined.
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    Determination of bisphenol a migrating from canned food and beverages in markets
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014) Sungur, Sana; Koroglu, Muaz; Ozkan, Abdo
    The determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in foods and beverages sold in Turkish markets was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. In this research, foods packed in packages with an inner surface covered with plastic film, such as milk, fruit juice, cream, pudding and tuna samples were used. Furthermore, foods in glass jar and metal cans such as green peas, garniture, corn, tomato paste, pepper paste, pickles, mushroom and bean samples were also used. BPA concentrations were 21.86 +/- 0.80-1858.71 8.24 mu g kg(-1), for canned foodstuffs, 36.48 +/- 0.95-554.69 +/- 3.18 mu g kg(-1) for foods in paper box, not detected - 399.21 +/- 3.26 mu g kg(-1) for foods in glass jar. The change in the amount of bisphenol A in all of these food, based on expiration date, the amount of glucose and sodium chloride in it has been determined. We see that in these kind of food the amount of bisphenol A increases with an increase in the amount of glucose, NaCl and expiration date. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) contents of compost amended soils and plants grown in these soils
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Sungur, Sana; Cevik, Burcu; Koroglu, Muaz
    Dietary intake is a major route of exposure to perfluorinated compounds. In the case of exposure to these compounds by nutrition, the consumption of agricultural products is one of the most important places. Biological wastes are converted into composts and are often used for fertiliser purposes to prevent spreading of waste to large areas. These practices cause agricultural areas to be contaminated with perfluorinated compounds and to first pass on to the plants growing on these soils and then to animals and infestations through the food chain. In this study, firstly, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS) levels were determined in five different composts. Mean PFOA and PFOS concentrations were between 26.1-102.0 ng g(-1) and 0.211-0.649 ng g(-1), respectively. After sowing wheat and corn, compost was applied. The amount of PFOA and PFOS that passed to the stalks, leaves, and grains of wheat and corn was determined. Obtained results showed that the total perfluorinated compounds migration decreased as follows: stalk>leaf>grain. Furthermore, the effects of PFOA and PFOS on chlorophyll concentration and soluble protein were examined. A decrease in chlorophyll formation and soluble protein content was observed with increasing PFOA and PFOS concentrations.
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    Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in food and beverages
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Sungur, Sana; Koroglu, Muaz; Turgut, Faruk
    The determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in food and beverages sold in Turkey was carried out using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 123 samples of selected food and beverages such as fish, meat, offal, egg, cracker, chips, cake, chocolate, vegetable, milk and juice were examined. The highest PFOA concentrations were determined in cow meat (5.15 ng g(-1)), cow kidney (5.65 ng g(-1)), cow spleen (5.06 ng g(-1)) and chicken liver (5.02 ng g(-1)). The highest PFOS levels were found in horse mackerel (52.43 ng g(-1)), pike-perch (45.87 ng g(-1)), sardine (42.83 ng g(-1)) and black cod (41.33 ng g(-1)). Fish was found to be major source of the PFOS intake, while meat and offal were found to be major sources of the PFOA intake.
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    Determination of Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Levels with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Erdal, Huseyin; Sungur, Sana; Koroglu, Muaz; Turgut, Faruk
    The aim of this study is to investigate the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) levels in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sixty-one CKD stage 1-4 patients who applied to the nephrology outpatient clinic were recruited. A control group consisting of 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were also included in the study. Concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were determined by comparing their peak areas with their standard curves. All samples were analyzed three times. The average values of blank samples were subtracted from the detected PFOA and PFOS values. PFOA and PFOS levels were significantly higher in CKD group than the controls (11.4 +/- 7.47, 0.45 +/- 0.55; 0.13 +/- 0. 17, 0.19 +/- 0.4 ng/mL, respectively) (P = 0.001). Hemoglobin, serum albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels were significantly lower and potassium and uric acid levels were higher in the CKD group than the controls. PFOA and PFOS levels were significantly higher in all stages of CKD patients than healthy controls. However, there was no correlation between eGFR, and PFOS and PFOA. We have demonstrated significantly increased PFOA and PFOS concentrations in different stages of CKD patients. We could not find an association between eGFR, age, and serum PFOS and PFOA concentrations.
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    Determination of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in various foods
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Sungur, Sana; Kaya, Pinar; Koroglu, Muaz
    Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used in foods with code E171. There is information on the food packaging that it contains E171 in the ingredients section. However, there is no information on the amount of E171 used as ingredient. Therefore, determination of TiO2 content of foods is extremely important for human health. In this study, confectionary foods, chewing gums, chocolates and white colored foods were investigated. TiO2 levels of investigated foods were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The average titanium dioxide concentrations were found ranging from 3 to 2400 mg kg(-1). The size of TiO2 particles in the foods samples was determined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the studied foods were found to vary in size from 30 to 410 nm.
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    Phthalates in commonly used pharmaceuticals
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Sungur, Sana; Ciran, Mutasim; Koroglu, Muaz; Turgut, F. Hilmi
    Phthalates are man-made, endocrine disrupting chemicals that are commonly used in plastics, medical applications, drugs, personal care products, cosmetics, perfumes, home furnishings, dyes, children's toys, food packaging. Animal studies have revealed that phthalates have many adverse health effects. Since phthalates do not dissolve in acidic environments, they are only soluble in neutral or basic environments, they are frequently used in gastro-resistant film coatings of drugs that are not intended to dissolve in the stomach and that need to be dissolved directly in the intestine. Within the scope of this study, phthalates and their amounts in frequently used drugs in our country were determined by GC-MS and the potential health risks of patients using such drugs were evaluated. It was determined that the total phthalate concentrations in the examined drug samples ranged between 0.209 and 4.800 mg kg(-1), and the amounts in a single tablet ranged between 2.7x 10(-5) and 1.5x 10(-3 )mg/tablet. The highest concentrations of total phthalate were found in cholesterol (4.800 mg kg(-1)) and blood pressure lowering drugs (4.442 mg kg(-1)). The calculated hazard index values were found to be less than one. This showed that the phthalates detected in the drugs examined did not pose a risk to human health.