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Öğe Determination of temporal changes in hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity using plasma metabolite/caffeine ratios in non-pregnant and pregnant goats(Wiley, 2024) Altan, Feray; Cizmeci, Sakine Ulkum; Kose, Ayse Merve; Corum, Orhan; Uney, KamilCaffeine (CF) is a metabolic probe drug used in the determination of the hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal changes in the hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity using plasma metabolite/CF ratios in non-pregnant goats (n = 11) and pregnant goats (n = 23). CF (5 mg/kg, intravenous) was administered in six periods (Period 1-6) with 45 days between two periods. The plasma levels of CF and its metabolites, theophylline (TP), theobromine (TB) and paraxanthine (PX), were determined by HPLC-UV. To evaluate hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity in terms of enzymes that play a role in CF metabolism, the plasma metabolic ratios including TB/CF, PX/CF, TP/CF and TB + PX + TP/CF were determined at 10 h following CF administration. Plasma metabolite/CF ratios were similar between non-pregnant and pregnant goats. However, plasma metabolite/CF ratios in Period 3 (45 days in pregnant goats) were significantly higher than those other periods in both pregnant and non-pregnant goats. The effect of pregnancy may not be observed on drugs that are substrates of enzymes involved in CF metabolism in goats.Öğe Diagnosis of Transmissible Venereal Tumors in Bitches - Platelet Indices Are a Remarkable Marker?(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2023) Kose, Serkan Irfan; Kose, Ayse Merve; Urer, Ece Koldas; Bahan, Onur; Gozer, Ahmet; Ambarcioglu, PinarBackground: Hematological analyses are seen as more preferred laboratory analyses in canine transmissible venereal tumor studies. There is no information about the availability of platelets and their indices in routine practice in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. Taking this as a starting point, this study analyzed the usefulness of platelet indices in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor in clinical laboratory diagnosis as well as examined the relationship between white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and the ratio of main platelet volume to platelets (MPV/PLT). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 42 bitches of various breeds were used. Nineteen healthy bitches were used as a control group, and the others 23 with cTVT as a study group. Metastasis was not observed in any of the bitches involved in the study. History, clinical findings, and cytological examinations were evaluated for the diagnosis of cTVT. In animals with hemorrhagic discharge and neoplastic lesions, a vaginal cytological examination was performed. Typical TVT cells with large nuclei and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the vaginal cytological examinations, and the diagnosis of TVT was made. Healthy bitches (19) and those with TVT (23) were 39.16 5.37 months and 47.61 5.14 months old, respectively. From all animals, 2 mL blood samples were collected from V. cephalica to evaluate PIs in the complete blood count (CBC). Collected blood samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. As a result of the analysis, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT data were obtained. Mild leukocytosis, an increase in PLT, and a decrease in MCV and MPV/PLT were determined in the study group compared to the control group. Cut-off values in CBC of bitches with TVT were determined as WBC: 13.35 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 90%); MCV: 67 (sensitivity: 57%; specificity: 95%); PLT: 315.50 (sensitivity: 65%; specificity: 74%); and MPV/PLT: 0.028 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 58%). In CBC analyses, a strong negative correlation between PLT and MPV/PLT was detected in both groups. Discussion: Canine transmissible venereal tumors are common in both stray and pet dogs. It is naturally transferred from animal to animal during mating by live tumor cells. This tumor can commonly affect the external genitalia and internal organs in some cases. It generally has the look of cauliflower, and its surface is ulcerated, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and infectious. More preferred laboratory analyses are complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis in cTVT for to evaluate the success of treatments. Platelet indices have been investigated in many diseases such as endotoxemia, chronic enteropathy, mammary tumor, parvoviral enteritis, septic peritonitis, lymphoma, pyometra, visceral leishmaniasis, and babesiosis in dogs. There is no information available for either diagnostic or prognostic use of the PIs in canine TVT cases. Ultimately, in light of the presented study's results, platelet indices, especially PLT and the MPV/PLT ratio, seem to be notable laboratory markers in terms of easy accessibility and low-cost assessment techniques in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. New data, however, should be established by a thorough follow-up study using a larger sample size and addressing its usefulness as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in canine transmissible venereal tumors.Öğe Evaluation of bovine visual ELISA test for detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in early pregnancy diagnosis in goats(Elsevier, 2022) Dogan, Asli Akkaya; Kose, Ayse MervePregnancy diagnosis is the primary factor for improving reproductive performance and high economic efficiency in herds. Early pregnancy diagnosis, on the other hand, allows livestock to optimise production with greater reproductive performance and correct it with timely intervention. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness and reliability of the commercial rapid visual pregnancy test kit prepared for the detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins from blood serum in early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Healthy and fertile, 3-5 years old 150 Damascus goats were used in the study. Oestrous synchronisation was applied to the goats between the anoestrous period and the onset of the transition period. Goats in oestrous were bred naturally. Blood samples were taken from the goats on the 28th day after their breeding. Progesterone measurement and rapid visual pregnancy test were performed from the blood samples taken. For the diagnosis of pregnancy, transabdominal ultrasonography was applied to the goats 50 days after the breeding. Ultrasonographic examination results were used as reference value. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value ratios of serum progesterone measurement and visual PAG-ELISA kit were determined as 88.23%, 91.46%, 89.55%, 90.36% and 94.12%, 80.49%, 80%, 94.29%, respectively. In the study, it was ascertained that progesterone concentration results were in good agreement with ultrasonography results (kappa=0.798), and visual PAG-ELISA results were in good agreement with ultrasonography results (kappa = 0.735). Moreover, the concordance of progesterone concentration results with visual PAG-ELISA results was also found to be excellent (kappa = 0.828). The ability to accurately diagnose serum progesterone measurement and visual PAG-ELISA kit was found to be 90% and 86.67%, respectively. In conclusion, it can be accepted that the visual PAG-ELISA test in goats is useful in distinguishing pregnant from non-pregnant animals in the early stages of pregnancy. It can be said that in practice it can be used alone or in combination with other methods.Öğe Evaluation of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation during the Last Trimester of Pregnancy in Pregnancy Toxemia-Susceptible Goats: An Observational Field Study(Inst Tecnologia Parana, 2024) Urer, Ece Koldas; Kose, Ayse Merve; Raza, Sanan; Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Dogruer, Gokhan; Ozsoy, BulentL-carnitine, an increasingly vital compound in livestock nutrition, plays a pivotal role in facilitating the beta -oxidation of fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of L-carnitine supplementation, administered at varying doses, on pregnancy toxemia susceptible goats. A total of 150 goats underwent estrus synchronization, natural mating, and pregnancy confirmation. Among these, 90 goats carrying multiple fetuses were categorized into three groups on the 100th day of pregnancy, with their feed supplemented as follows: CAR50 (50 mg/kg of L-carnitine), CAR100 (100 mg/kg of L-carnitine), and CON (control without Lcarnitine). Subsequently, blood samples were collected from 15 randomly selected goats from each group on days 100, 115, 130, and 145 of pregnancy to quantify serum levels of beta-HBA (beta-hydroxybutyrate) and NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids), alongside glucose levels. Dietary supplementation of L-carnitine did not exert a significant impact on blood glucose levels in the CAR50 and CAR100 groups, in comparison to the CON group, during the third trimester of pregnancy (P>0.05). Nevertheless, serum NEFA levels exhibited a noteworthy reduction in the CAR50 and CAR100 groups compared to the CON group on day 145 (P<0.01). Furthermore, no substantial fluctuations in mean NEFA and beta-HBA levels were observed in the CAR100 group between days 100 and 145 of gestation (P>0.05). The body condition score exhibited consistent maintenance both within and between groups (P>0.05). To conclude, this study underscores the efficacy of dietary supplementation with L-carnitine in mitigating ketone and NEFA levels in pregnant goats, particularly when administered at a dosage of 100 mg/kg. Consequently, the integration of a standardized quantity of Lcarnitine into the diet holds the potential to serve as a valuable preventive strategy for goats susceptible to pregnancy toxemia.
