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Öğe Antifungal effects of essential oils from oregano and fennel on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Wiley, 2007) Soylu, Soner; Yigitbas, H.; Soylu, E. M.; Kurt, S.Aims: The antifungal effects of essential oils of oregano (Origanum syriacum var. bevanii) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were evaluated against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Effects of the essential oils on morphological structures of hyphae and sclerotia were studied under light and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). Methods and Results: Inhibitory effects of volatile and contact phases of the essential oils used were determined on hyphae and sclerotia. Both essential oils have a marked antifungal effect against S. sclerotiorum. Soil amendment with essential oils has significant effect on reducing sclerotial viability. Both essential oils significantly inhibited the fungal growth in soil, thereby increasing the number of surviving tomato seedling by 69.8% and 53.3%, respectively. Light and SEM observations on pathogen hyphae and sclerotia revealed considerable morphological alterations in hyphae and sclerotia. Conclusions: The significant reduction in the mycelial growth and germination of sclerotia would greatly reduce the pathogen inoculum source. This may influence the rate of disease development in soil. Significance and Impact of the Study: Considering the reduction in the number of diseased plants in infested soil amended with essential oils, we concluded that oregano and fennel essential oils could be used as possible bio fungicides alternative to synthetic fungicides against phytopathogenic fungi.Öğe Determination of antagonistic traits of bacterial isolates obtained from apricot against green fruit rot disease agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Kara, M.; Soylu, Soner; Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.; Uysal, A.Blossom and fruit diseases occur widely and pose serious impacts on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production in Turkey. Green fruit rot disease occurs during the jacket stage when remnants of the flower parts are still attached to the immature fruit. The disease are usually common on apricot trees growing in high humidity orchards and causes a brown discoloration on the fruit under the jacket (shuck). The young fruit withers and falls off the tree within a few weeks. In this study, 12 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from healthy and diseased immature fruits of apricot and identified by MALDI-TOF. Antagonistic efficiency and mechanisms of these bacterial isolates were determined against jacket rot of apricot disease agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro conditions. Among the bacterial isolates, 4 isolates showed antagonistic activities on mycelial growth and sclerot formation in dual culture petri plates. Among the bacterial isolates, the highest mycelial growth inhibition was caused by the most efficient isolate Bacillus vallismortis AB13 (69.4%) followed by Bacillus mojavensis (68.3%) and Bacillus subtilis (59.4%) respectively. Bacterial isolates belonging the Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp. and Pantoae spp. were not found effective for inhibitions in mycelial growth and sclerotia formation. Antagonistic and plant growth-promoting activities, such as production of siderophore, synthesize extracellular enzymes (protease) and solubilization of inorganic phosphorous, were tested for each of these bacterial isolates in vitro conditions. Siderophore and protease activity were determined as major antagonistic mechanisms for suppression of mycelial growth and sclerotial formations. Although further studies are needed, these endophytes might have great potential in the field of biocontrol and plant growth promoting for sustainable agricultural practices.Öğe Determination of fungal and bacterial disease agents of apricot trees growing in Hatay province(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Soylu, Soner; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.; Uysal, A.Fungal and bacterial diseases occur widely and pose serious impacts on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production in Turkey. A disease surveys were conducted to identify the fungal and bacterial causal disease agents associated with root and foliar diseases in the main apricot orchards in Hatay province. The disease agents were isolated from the root, stem, leaf and fruit of infected trees. The results of fungal isolations from diseased apricot roots taken at regular intervals over the entire growth period have indicated that Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. [Rhizoctonia root rot], Verticillium dahliae Kleb. [Verticillium wilt] and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich [Charcoal rot] were the most frequently encountered and widespread soil-borne fungal disease agents identified on wilting and dying trees growing in all locations. Majority of the diseased trees were infested by the more than one disease agents. Wilsonomyces carpophilus (Lev.) Adask., J.M. Ogawa & E.E. Butler [Shot hole], Botrytis cinerea Pers. [Gray mold], Podosphaera pannosa var. persicae (Walls.) de Bary [Powdery mildew], Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy. [Green fruit rot], Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey [Brown rot], Cladosporium carpophilum Thum. [Scab], Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler [Alternaria leaf spot] were the most frequently observed foliar and fruit fungal disease agents. Bacterial disease agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Burk.) Young, [Bacterial canker] were also isolated from leaves and fruits of apricot plants with minor importance in the region.Öğe Downy mildew outbreak on parsley caused by Plasmopara petroselini in Turkey(Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. M.; Kurt, S.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Albugo lepidii Causing White Blister Rust on Broadleaved Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum) in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Shin, H. D.; Choi, Y. J.; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum spinaciae on Spinach in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2016) Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Akgul, D. S.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Black Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata in Persimmon Fruits in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2010) Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]Öğe FIRST REPORT OF BOTRYTIS BLIGHT CAUSED BY BOTRYTIS CINEREA ON SWEET BASIL IN TURKEY(Edizioni Ets, 2010) Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Downy Mildew Disease Caused by Perofascia lepidii on Garden Cress Lepidium sativum in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2017) Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Shin, H. D.; Choi, Y. J.; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Downy Mildew Disease Caused by Peronospora effusa on Spinach in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2018) Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Shin, H. D.; Choi, Y. J.; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Downy Mildew Disease Caused by Peronospora viciae on Common Vetch (Vicia saliva) in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2020) Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Choi, Y. J.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces neosalviae on Salvia fruticosa in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. M.; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Hong, S. H.; Shin, H. D.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Powdery Mildew on Mediterranean Thyme (Thymbra spicata var. spicata) Caused by Golovinomyces monardae in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Soylu, Soner; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.; Uysal, A.; Hong, S. H.; Shin, H. D.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe FIRST REPORT OF STEM ROT DISEASE OF PARSLEY CAUSED BY SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM IN TURKEY(Edizioni Ets, 2017) Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Kara, M.; Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. M.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Thielaviopsis paradoxa Causing Main Stalk Rot on Banana in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2020) Demiray, S. T.; Akcali, E.; Uysal, A.; Kurt, S.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of White Blister Rust Disease Caused by Albugo occidentalis on Spinach in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2018) Soylu, Soner; Kara, M.; Kurt, S.; Uysal, A.; Shin, H. D.; Choi, Y. J.; Soylu, E. M.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe In vitro antifungal activities of endophytic bacterial isolates against postharvest heart rot disease agent Alternaria alternata in pomegranate fruits(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Atay, M.; Kara, M.; Uysal, A.; Soylu, Soner; Kurt, S.; Soylu, E. M.Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the most commonly consumed fruit which suffers from postharvest decay giving rise to large economic losses. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. is an important postharvest fungal pathogen causing loss of fruit during transportation and storage. Chemical applications are primarily made to control them. However, the recent trend is to convert toward safer and more friendly alternatives for the control of postharvest decays. In this study, we investigated the biological control of pomegranate postharvest heart rot disease agent using endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from healthy pomegranate fruits. A proteomic analysis through MALDI-TOF MS (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) was performed to identify these bacterial isolates. The antifungal activities of 12 putative endophytic bacterial isolates of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus vallismortis, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus megaterium, Solibacillus silvestris, Erwinia herbicola, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus cereus, Pantoea dispersa and Bacillus endophyticus were tested against A. alternata in dual culture assays. Bacillus mojavensis PEB39 was the most effective isolate against pathogenic fungi in vitro (80% inhibition of mycelial growth) followed by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PEB46 (78.9%) Bacillus vallismortis PEB40 (76.7%) and Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis PEB43 (75.6%). Our findings suggest that as an alternative and promising biological control agent B. mojavensis can suppress postharvest diseases caused by A. alternata and may effectively control postharvest physiological changes caused by fungal pathogens.Öğe Toxicological Responses of Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrinoidea) to various Isothiocyanate Compounds(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Demirel, N.; Kurt, S.; Gunes, U.; Uluc, F. T.; Cabuk, F.The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the most serious pests of stored cereals. The phenyl isothiocyanate resulted in significant mortality on the confused flour beetle with 0.1 and 0.2 mu L concentrations in both bioassays, respectively. Allyl (2-propenyl) and methyl isothiocyanate caused significant mortality with 0.2 mu L concentration in the first bioassay. In the following bioassay, methyl isothiocyanate resulted in significant mortality with 0.1 and 0.2 mu L concentarions. In addition, allyl (2-propenyl) and ethyl isothiocyanate had significant mortality with 0.2 mu L concentration. Phenyl isothiocyanate had the lowest LC(50) (0.02781, 0.02627) and highest toxicity on the confused flour beetle in both bioassays. In the first bioassay, phenyl isothiocyanate were followed by allyl (2-propenyl) (LC(50): 0.05262) and methyl isothiocyanate (LC(50): 0,07178) toxicities. In the following bioassay, phenyl isothiocyanate were followed by methyl isothiocyanate (LC(50): 0.04494) and allyl (2-propenyl) (LC(50): 0.06342) toxicities. Ethyl isothiocyanate had the higest LC(50) (0.12408) and LC(50) (0.09989) and lowest toxicities on the confused flour beetle in both bioassays. In conclusion, phenyl isothiocyanate (0.1, 0.2 mu L) concentrations, allyl (2-propenyl) and methyl isothiocyanate (0.2 mu L) concentration suggest as an insect fumigants to control the confused flour beetle in stored cereals.Öğe Toxicological responses of confused flour beetle, triboliw confusum du val (Coleoptera: Tenebrinoidea) to various isothiocyanate compounds(Chemical Publishing Co., 2009) Demirel, N.; Kurt, S.; Gunes, U.; Uluc, F.T.; Cabuk, F.The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the most serious pests of stored cereals. The phenyl isothiocyanate resulted in significant mortality on the confused flour beetle with 0.1 and 0.2 ?L concentrations in both bioassays, respectively. Allyl (2-propenyl) and methyl isothiocyanate caused significant mortality with 0.2 ?L concentration in the first bioassay. In the following bioassay, methyl isothiocyanate resulted in significant mortality with 0.1 and 0.2 ?L concentarions. In addition, ally] (2-propenyl) and ethyl isothiocyanate had significant mortality with 0.2 ?L concentration. Phenyl isothiocyanate had the lowest LC50 (0.02781,0.02627) and highest toxicity on the confused flour beetle in both bioassays. In the first bioassay, phenyl isothiocyanate were followed by allyl (2-propenyl) (LC50:0.05262) and methyl isothiocyanate (LC50: 0,07178) toxicities. In the following bioassay, phenyl isothiocyanate were followed by methyl isothiocyanate (LC 50: 0.04494) and allyl (2-propenyl) (LC50: 0.06342) toxicities. Ethyl isothiocyanate had the higest LC50 (0.12408) and LC50 (0.09989) and lowest toxicities on the confused flour beetle in both bioassays. In conclusion, phenyl isothiocyanate (0.1,0.2 ?L) concentrations, allyl (2-propenyl) and methyl isothiocyanate (0.2 ?L) concentration suggest as an insect fumigants to control the confused flour beetle in stored cereals.
