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    Control of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) with Amblyseius swirskii on greenhouse pepper in heated and unheated plastic tunnels in the Mediterranean region of Turkey
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Kutuk, Halil; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Canhilal, Ramazan; Karacaoglu, Mehmet
    The western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) poses a significant risk to many food and ornamental crops in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Chemical control has been the primary means used to control the population of F. occidentalis in protected cultivation systems in Turkey. We evaluated Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) on peppers following single releases at the rate of 50 adults per m 2 as a predator of F. occidentalis in heated and unheated plastic tunnels. The study covered the period when the peppers had started to flower. In both tunnel types, despite greater variation in day/night temperatures in unheated plastic tunnels, the F. occidentalis population was maintained at a level of fewer than 2 per flower throughout the experiments in plots where predatory mites were released. The density of the thrips infestation exceeded the action threshold of 3 thrips per flower in control plots. The results of the study show that A. swirskii is highly effective for controlling western flower thrips on sweet pepper and can provide long-term thrips control. In the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey, pepper growers who are considering releases of this predatory mite in plastic tunnels may find A. swirskii useful as a new control agent.
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    The effect of season on the levels of predation by the ladybird Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), a serious pest of eggplants
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2008) Kutuk, Halil; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Alaoglu, Ozdemir
    The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest of eggplants, especially those grown undercover in polytunnels and greenhouses. Due to increasing levels of resistance of B. tabaci to a wide range of insecticides, there is now an urgent need to explore other non-chemical methods of control. In this study, Serangium parcesetosum, a ladybird, was evaluated as a possible biological control agent of B. tabaci's winter and spring populations which infests eggplants grown undercover in Turkey. It was found that in winter, S. parcesetosum failed to control B. tabaci, even when the ladybird population was augmented six times over the course of the experiment. This contrasted with that observed in spring when, with only one introduction of the ladybird, control of the pest was gained within 3 weeks after release. In spring, the B. tabaci population in the cages receiving two and four S. parcesetosum adult per plant showed 56 and 53% reduction, respectively. The percent reduction in B. tabaci population rose to 98.6 and 98.3% in both cages, respectively, by the end of experiment. It is suggested that release of S. parcesetosum against B. tabaci during spring months may be offered as an alternative solution to increase implementation of biologically based B. tabaci management. In winter other biological control agents are needed and these need to be further explored.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Evaluation of the lady beetle, Serangium parcesetosum for control of Bemisia tabaci on greenhouse eggplant in the Mediterranean region
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Kutuk, Halil; Alaoglu, Ozdemir; Yigit, Abdurrahman
    Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most serious pests of greenhouse crops. It is mainly controlled by chemical means, requiring some 10-12 sprays during the average growing season in Turkey. There is growing interest in finding alternatives to pesticides for control of B. tabaci in greenhouse crops because this heavy pesticide usage disrupts biocontrol and leads to rapid build-up of insecticide resistance in the pest. In our study, the control of B. tabaci on greenhouse eggplants was evaluated following releases of the lady beetle Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). In cage experiments, four adults per plant were introduced and, within 3-4 weeks, resulted in 97 and 98% reductions in whitefly populations in 2004 and 2005, respectively. In a large plot experiment, two adults per plant were released only one time. Beetle larvae were observed through 2-9 weeks after release. The density of whitefly in large plot receiving beetle adults showed fluctuations to a level lower than in control plot receiving no beetle in 2004 and 2006. Further study is needed to develop new managing strategies in biological control of B. tabaci with S. parcesetosum in protected culture.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Intraguild predation of Serangium parcesetosum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) parasitized by Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Kutuk, Halil; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Alaoglu, Ozdemir
    We studied intraguild predation of Serangium parcesetosum on Eretmocerus mundus, both natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci, on eggplant under laboratory conditions. Fourth instar and adult predators attacked parasitized and unparasitized hosts equally if immature parasitoids were larvae, but avoided predating on parasitized hosts containing pupae.
  • Küçük Resim
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    PRE-ESTABLISHMENT OF AMBLYSEIUS SWIRSKII (ATHIAS-HENRIOT) (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) USING PINUS BRUTIA (TEN.) (PINALES: PINACEAE) POLLEN FOR THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) CONTROL IN GREENHOUSE PEPPERS
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011) Kutuk, Halil; Yigit, Abdurrahman
    The predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) benefited from the addition of pollen of Pinus brutia (Ten.) to the sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants on which they occurred. The mite was able to survive, in the absence of prey, on pepper plants sprayed 2 weeks prior to bloom with pollen at 50, 5, and 0.5 kg/ha dosages. In addition, A. swirskii effectively controlled the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in the plots sprayed with pollen. Within 5 weeks after the introduction of the mite, the population density of A. swirskii reached up to three predatory mites (nymphs and adults) per leaf and they remained in high numbers on the leaves until the end of the study, even when the prey F. occidentalis was present in low numbers. In flowers, the population density of A. swirskii (3 weeks after its release) was 4.35, 2.29, and 1.25 mites per flower in the 50, 5, and 0.5 kg/ha pollen sprayed plots, respectively. Clear trends existed among the various treatments; more predators and fewer pests were found in the plots where pollen was applied compared with those where pollen was not applied. The pollen of P. brutia provides food for the predator, so that they can be introduced and established prior to the arrival of the thrips. This predator-in-first technique makes biological control of thrips on sweet pepper relatively reliable.