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Öğe Determination of seed moisture constants (KE, CW) for the viability equation for watermelon, melon, and cucumber seeds(Ista-Int Seed Testing Assoc, 2011) Demir, I.; Kenanoglu, B. B.; Hay, F.; Mavi, K.; Celikkol, T.The effect of moisture on seed longevity during experimental storage was investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), melon (Cucumis melo L.), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Matsum and Nakai). Seeds were stored hermetically at various moisture contents between 8.0 and 17.0% (fresh weight basis) at 35 degrees C for up to 215, 366, and 175 days for cucumber, melon, and watermelon, respectively. Normal germination percentages were determined periodically. A one-step approach was taken to analyze the effects of moisture on longevity and to estimate K-E and C-W. K-E and C-W values were found to be 4.86 and 1.59 for watermelon, 6.11 and 2.59 for melon, and 5.35 and 2.03 for cucumber, respectively. Watermelon seeds are the most sensitive to seed storage, whilst melon seeds have the greatest longevity. These constants can be used to predict the viability of these cucurbit seeds under various storage conditions.Öğe Determination of transplanting dates of broccoli (Brassica Oleracea L. var. italica plenck) under Antakya conditions(2011) Sermenli, T.; Mavi, K.; Yilmaz, S.The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable transplanting dates of broccoli under Antakya conditions. Seed of 'Jade' F 1 broccoli cultivar was used as the experimental material. Seed sowing was conducted approximately one month prior to transplanting date. The seeds were planted on viols having peat. The experiments were repeated for two years; the transplanting was done on four different dates i.e. 1 st, 10 th and 20 th September and October during first 1 st year, 10 th, 20 th September, 1 st and 12 th October during second year. The seedlings were at their three-five- leaf stages at the time of transplanting. The highest total yield was recovered from 10 th September transplanting during first year (1978kg/da) and the second year (1863kg/da), respectively. In both l years, the days from transplanting to harvest were longest for 1 st October. The results indicated that the first two weeks of September is a most suitable period for broccoli transplanting for Antakya conditions. The transplanting dates earlier or later than this period resulted in lower yield and longer maturation dates thus not recommended.Öğe DETERMINATION OF TRANSPLANTING DATES OF BROCCOLI (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. ITALICA PLENCK) UNDER ANTAKYA CONDITIONS(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2011) Sermenli, T.; Mavi, K.; Yilmaz, S.The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable transplanting dates of broccoli under Antakya conditions. Seed of 'Jade' F-1 broccoli cultivar was used as the experimental material. Seed sowing was conducted approximately one month prior to transplanting date. The seeds were planted on viols having peat. The experiments were repeated for two years; the transplanting was done on four different dates i.e. 1st, 10th and 20th September and October during first 1st year, 10th, 20th September, 1st and 12th October during second year. The seedlings were at their three-five- leaf stages at the time of transplanting. The highest total yield was recovered from 10th September transplanting during first year (1978kg/da) and the second year (1863kg/da), respectively. In both l years, the days from transplanting to harvest were longest for 1st October. The results indicated that the first two weeks of September is a most suitable period for broccoli transplanting for Antakya conditions. The transplanting dates earlier or later than this period resulted in lower yield and longer maturation dates thus not recommended.Öğe Effects of strip intercropping and organic farming systems on quantity and quality of maize yield in a Mediterranean region of Turkey(Haworth Press Inc, 2007) Sermenh, T.; Evrendilek, F.; Mavi, K.Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) are traditionally intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) by small-scale farmers in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. In this experiment, the performances of monoculture-organic (MO), strip intercropping-organic (10), monoculture-conventional (MC), and strip intercropping-conventional (IC) farming systems were compared with respect to yield quantity and quality properties of sweet maize, and local cowpea and okra varieties for 2 years. The land equivalent ratios (LERs) calculated based on mean maximum and minimum yields of cowpeas and okras ranged between 0.94 and 1.25 for strip intercropping with sweet maize. There appeared to be no difference in mean yields of maize, cowpeas, and okras between the 10 and IC systems and in mean maize yields between the MO and MC systems (P > 0.05). The LER value (0.99) of the 10 farming system was higher than that (0.95) of IC farming system. The LER values close to one indicated that there were no significant differences in yield quantity and quality of the crops among the four farming systems. The findings revealed that strip intercropping alone or in combination with organic cropping may be equally profitable to monoculture and favored for sustainable farming if agricultural production costs including environmental externalities, such as environmental degradation and destruction were accounted for.Öğe Electrical conductivity of seed soak water predicts seedling emergence and seed storage potential in commercial seed lots of radish(Ista-Int Seed Testing Assoc, 2014) Mavi, K.; Mavi, F.; Demir, I.; Matthews, S.Electrical conductivity (EC) measurements of seed soak water after 17 and 24 hours of nine commercially acceptable seed lots (79-100% standard germination) of the salad radish cultivar Findik were positively correlated with the mean time taken to emerge (MET) and negatively with final emergence (%) in sowings in modules and in the field. EC after 17 hours was closely related to both the means of the two sowings (R-2 = 0.877; P < 0.001), and standard germination after 12 months storage (R-2 = 0.868, P < 0.001). Thus increased levels of electrolyte leakage were associated with slower and lower emergence and with poorer storage potential. The mean germination time (MGT) to radicle emergence (RE) during germination at 20 C was similarly correlated with seed performance. The slower seed lots were to RE, the slower and lower was the emergence and the poorer the storage potential. EC after 17 hours was positively related to MGT (R-2 = 0.799; P < 0.01) and negatively related to germination after controlled deterioration, a measure of seed age (R-2 = 0.741; P < 0.01). Seed lots showing high levels of leakage were slower to RE and were more deteriorated. High leakage was associated both with seed lots having high percentages of dead seeds (no RE) and seeds producing abnormal seedlings, and also with lots containing seeds that were slow to produce an emerged radicle. EC is suggested as a potential one-day routine test of physiological seed quality for radish and the overall findings are discussed in relation to the effects of deterioration brought about by seed ageing.Öğe Mean germination time estimates the relative emergence of seed lots of three cucurbit crops under stress conditions(Ista-Int Seed Testing Assoc, 2010) Mavi, K.; Demir, I.; Matthews, S.A wide range of seedling emergence in commercial seed lots of watermelon (10 lots), melon (10 lots) and cucumber (9 lots), all with standard germinations above 98%, was seen in low temperature emergence (LTE). high temperature (HTE) and an 8 cm deep sowing (MSE) in the field and in salt stress conditions (SSE) in trays at 20 degrees C. Final emergence was closely related to both the rate of emergence, measured as mean emergence time (MET; the reciprocal of the rate of emergence), and to the mean germination time (MGT; the reciprocal of the rate of germination) for physiological germination (2 mm radicle) in the laboratory at 25 degrees C. Slower germinating and emerging lots, so-called low vigour lots, had lower levels of emergence in all sowings. Single early counts of physiological germination identified low vigour lots for all three species and are suggested as a quick routine test. The physiological age of the seed lots, determined using accelerated ageing (45 degrees C in 100% relative humidity) and controlled deterioration (45 degrees C and 20 or 24% moisture content), was significantly related to MGT which was higher (i.e. germination was slower) in physiologically older seed. Previous work suggests that cucurbit seeds appear to retain germination capacity over several years although ageing is reflected in a slower rate of germination (high MGT). MGT can also he described as the length of the lag period from the start of imbibition to radicle protrusion. We propose that this period is needed for the repair of the effects of ageing and is therefore longer in aged seeds.Öğe Radicle emergence test predicts longevity (half viability period, p50) of leek seed lots(Ista-Int Seed Testing Assoc, 2017) Ozden, E.; Mavi, K.; Sari, E.; Demir, I.This study was carried out to test whether a single radicle emergence count (RE) can be used for predicting longevity in leek seed lots. Experiments were carried out on eight commercial leek seed lots with normal germination percentages above 75%. Single radicle emergence counts (2 mm) were performed after 120 hours of germination (20 degrees C, dark, between papers). Seed longevity was determined by hermetic storage at 45 degrees C with 20% seed moisture content over 96 'hours. Twelve subsamples were taken out of controlled storage after 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88 and 96 hours and seed survival curves were constructed on radicle germination tests. Half viability period, p(50), was calculated for each lot. The RE percentages in leek seed lots ranged between 75 and 94% after 120 hours, while p(50) values ranged from 25.9 to 77.4 hours. Regression between RE of 120 hours and p(50) was found to be highly significant (R-2 = 0.848, P < 0.01). Thus, single radicle emergence counts (120 hours) could be used as an assessment of seed longevity in leek.Öğe Rate of radicle emergence and leakage of electrolytes provide quick predictions of percentage normal seedlings in standard germination tests of radish (Raphanus sativus)(Ista-Int Seed Testing Assoc, 2016) Mavi, K.; Powell, A. A.; Matthews, S.The potential of radicle emergence (RE) and electrical conductivity (EC) tests to predict normal seedlings (%) was investigated in ten commercially available lots of radish. The mean germination time (MGT), calculated from frequent counts of RE, and one count of RE at 48 hours, consistently predicted germination (eight out of nine R-2 >= 0.900). EC measurements of seed soak water (3 x 100 seeds in 40 ml distilled water) after 1, 3, 5, 17 and 24 hours soaking in four tests at 20 degrees C were also highly predictive of normal seedlings (%) and MGT (25 out of 28 R-2 values >= 0.80). EC readings from 20 single seeds (five hours in 8 ml water at 20 degrees C) of each lot, followed by germination at 10 C revealed the highest leakage from dead seeds and seeds that produced abnormal seedlings, followed by slow germinating (to RE) seeds that produced normal seedlings. Hydration treatment of single seeds from three lots (five hours at 20 degrees C, then dried back) reduced leakage and MGT, which are interpreted as the result of metabolic repair of deteriorated membranes and support the ageing/repair hypothesis. Both EC and RE tests therefore provide quick and repeatable predictions of percentage normal seedlings in radish.Öğe The relationship between seed coat color and seed quality in watermelon Crimson sweet(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2010) Mavi, K.This work was carried out to determine the relationship between seed coat color and seed quality in Crimson sweet watermelon. Seed lots (1, 2, 3, and 4) were prepared taking into consideration seed coat colors in fresh seeds with naked eye. The color parameters of these prepared seed lots were determined using Minolta colorimeter. To determine quality differences between the seed lots, standard germination test, seed weight, water uptake ratio, mean germination time, emergence percentage, mean emergence time, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and electrical conductivity values were determined. The seed weight (57.22 mg), germination percentage (86.5%), emergence percentage (77.5% total and 76.5% normal), seedling fresh weight (978.7 mg), and dry weight (64.7 mg) of the brown seed lot (Lot 1) were markedly higher than lots having lighter seed coat (2, 3, and 4). On the other hand the mean emergence time (7.7 days) and electrical conductivity value (128.8 mu S/cm g in 24 h) of the brown seed lot (Lot 1) were lower than lots having lighter seed coat (2, 3, and 4). The obtained data indicated that seed quality differences can be determined according to the seed coat color of Crimson sweet seeds. It was found that seed lot 1 had higher seed vigor and viability than seed lots 2, 3, and 4. Color parameters b*, C*, L*, and H degrees, determined by Minolta colorimeter, showed significant correlation with seeds quality parameters.
