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    Antiviral Activity of Hatay Propolis Against Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2
    (Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2016) Yildirim, Ayse; Duran, Gulay Gulbol; Duran, Nizami; Jenedi, Kemal; Bolgul, Behiye Sezgin; Miraloglu, Meral; Muz, Mustafa
    Background: Propolis is a bee product widely used in folk medicine and possessing many pharmacological properties. In this study we aimed to investigate: i) the antiviral activities of Hatay propolis samples against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in HEp-2 cell line, and ii) the presence of the synergistic effects of propolis with acyclovir against these viruses. Material/Methods: All experiments were carried out in HEp-2 cell cultures. Proliferation assays were performed in 24-well flat bottom microplates. We inoculated 1x10(5) cells per ml and RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal calf serum into each well. Studies to determine cytotoxic effect were performed. To investigate the presence of antiviral activity of propolis samples, different concentrations of propolis (3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200, 100, 75, 50, and 25 mu g/mL) were added into the culture medium. The amplifications of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were performed by realtime PCR method. Acyclovir (Sigma, USA) was chosen as a positive control. Cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The replication of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was significantly suppressed in the presence of 25, 50, and 100 mu g/mL of Hatay propolis. We found that propolis began to inhibit HSV-1 replication after 24 h of incubation and propolis activity against HSV-2 was found to start at 48 h following incubation. The activity of propolis against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 was confirmed by a significant decrease in the number of viral copies. Conclusions: We determined that Hatay propolis samples have important antiviral effects compared with acyclovir. In particular, the synergy produced by antiviral activity of propolis and acyclovir combined had a stronger effect against HSV-1 and HSV-2 than acyclovir alone.
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    Öğe
    The relationship between acute coronary artery diseases with c-reactive protein +1059 G/C and angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphisms
    (E-Century Publishing Corporation, 2016) Duran, Gulay Gulbol; Fansa, Iyad; Duran, Nizami; Jenedi, Kemal; Onlen, Cansu; Miraloglu, Meral; Yigin, Akin
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of an association between the CRP +1059 G/C and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and patients who were diagnosed to have acute coronary syndrome and underwent coronary angiography. Methods: A total of 126 patients (mean age: 60.0±12.9) and 144 healthy individuals (mean age: 52.1±13.0) were included to this study. The presence of CRP +1059 G/C and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms were analyzed using the RFLP method. Results: When the patient and control groups were evaluated in terms of ACE I/D gene polymorphism, no statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of ACE DD and ACE ID between the two groups (P>0.05), while the percentage of ACE II genotype was statistically significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group (P<0.032). For the distribution of CRP G/C genotype; CRP GG, CRP GC and CRP CC genotype frequencies were similar in the patient and control groups (P>0.05). When the presence of the ACE I/D genotype and CRP G/C genotype was compared in patients with vessel disease (one vessel, two vessels and three vessels) among the patients with coronary artery diseases with the control group, statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, the frequency of the ACE I/D genotype in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease was statistically significantly higher (P<0.033). Also, the frequency of the CRP +1059 G/C genotype was found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group (P<0.026). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CRP +1059 G/C and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms may be a genetic marker associated with coronary artery disease in patients diagnosed with ACS. © 2016, E-Century Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.
  • [ N/A ]
    Öğe
    The relationship between acute coronary artery diseases with c-reactive protein+1059 G/C and angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphisms
    (E-Century Publishing Corp, 2016) Duran, Gulay Gulbol; Fansa, Iyad; Duran, Nizami; Jenedi, Kemal; Onlen, Cansu; Miraloglu, Meral; Yigin, Akin
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of an association between the CRP + 1059 G/C and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and patients who were diagnosed to have acute coronary syndrome and underwent coronary angiography. Methods: A total of 126 patients (mean age: 60.0 +/- 12.9) and 144 healthy individuals (mean age: 52.1 +/- 13.0) were included to this study. The presence of CRP + 1059 G/C and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms were analyzed using the RFLP method. Results: When the patient and control groups were evaluated in terms of ACE I/D gene polymorphism, no statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of ACE DD and ACE ID between the two groups (P>0.05), while the percentage of ACE II genotype was statistically significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group (P<0.032). For the distribution of CRP G/C genotype; CRP GG, CRP GC and CRP CC genotype frequencies were similar in the patient and control groups (P>0.05). When the presence of the ACE I/D genotype and CRP G/C genotype was compared in patients with vessel disease (one vessel, two vessels and three vessels) among the patients with coronary artery diseases with the control group, statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, the frequency of the ACE I/D genotype in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease was statistically significantly higher (P<0.033). Also, the frequency of the CRP + 1059 G/C genotype was found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group (P<0.026). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CRP + 1059 G/C and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms may be a genetic marker associated with coronary artery disease in patients diagnosed with ACS.