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    Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antimutagenic Activities of Five Turkish Pear Cultivars
    (Springer, 2018) Erbil, Nurcan; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Arslan, Mehmet; Ilcim, Ahmet; Sayin, Bilge
    The pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the most important fruits consumed in daily life. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities, of various pear cultivars. The fruits of five pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars ('Deveci', 'Kizil', 'Egirsah', 'Gugum', and 'Banda') were used in this study. It was determined that the peel and pulp of the 'Kizil' pear had the highest total phenolic content (402.5 mg/100 g and 215.2 mg/100 g, respectively), while those of the 'Banda' pear had the lowest total phenolic content (326 mg/100 g and 126.1 mg/100 g, respectively). Additionally, the 'Kizil' pear showed the highest antioxidant capacity in the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing ability assay (FRAP) (1.72 mu mol TE/g FW and 161.25 mu mol Fe II/g FW, respectively) and the highest ascorbic acid content (16.02 mg/100 g). The 'Banda' pear showed the highest antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. However, none of the pear extracts displayed antifungal activity. While all doses of the 'Kizil', 'Gugum', and 'Banda' pear extracts used in this study, except 80 mu L/plate, exhibited antimutagenic activities, only the lowest dose (10 mu L/plate) of the 'Deveci' pear extract showed the antimutagenic activity against induced mutagenesis in the Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 strain. Consequently, the five Turkish pear cultivars used in this study exhibited different levels of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities.
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    Some Biological Effects of the Fruits and Leaves of Different Apple Cultivars, Including Red-Fleshed Apples, Grown in a Microclimatic Region of Turkey: Part I
    (Springer, 2020) Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Ilcim, Ahmet; Borekci, Bilge Sayin
    Apple is a fruit that is frequently consumed in daily diet and is very useful for human health. In this study, seven apple cultivars grown in Posof district in Ardahan province, including red-fleshed 'Ici Kirmizi' and 'Japon apples' were investigated. 'Japon apple' was found to have the highest values of total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents. The highest content of chlorophyll a (1.14 mu g/g) was measured in 'Mahara apple', while the highest contents of chlorophyll b and total carotenoids (1.22 and 0.70 mu g/g, respectively) were also observed in 'Japon apple'. All the fruits and leaves of the apple cultivars, used in this study exhibited differential antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Except for 'Seker apple', all methanolic leaf extracts exhibited inhibitory effects onSaccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the strongest antimicrobial activities were observed in 'Japon apple'. While none of the doses of aqueous fruit extracts showed antimutagenic activities, different doses of the methanolic leaf extracts of the samples exhibited antimutagenic effects.
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    Some Biological Effects of the Fruits and Leaves of Different Apple Cultivars, Including Red-Fleshed Apples, Grown in a Microclimatic Region of Turkey: Part I (vol 62, pg 399, 2020)
    (Springer, 2021) Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Ilcim, Ahmet; Sayin Borekci, Bilge
    [Abstract Not Available]