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    Antioxidant Potential and Element Contents of Wild Edible Mushroom Suillus granulatus
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2020) Mushtaq, Waseem; Baba, Hayri; Akata, Ilgaz; Sevindik, Mustafa
    Mushrooms are important natural resources in natural ecosystems. They have been used for centuries as a means of food, medicine and religious rituals for humans. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn contents of edible mushroom Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel were determined. Mushroom samples were collected from Hatay-Antakya (Turkey). Ethanol extracts of mushroom samples were obtained. TAS, TOS and OSI values were measured using Rel Assay kits. Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As a result of the study, TAS value of S. granulatus was 3.143 +/- 0.068 mmol/L, TOS value was 18.933 +/- 0.195 mu mol/L and OSI value was 0.603 +/- 0.007. Cr content of S. granulatus was found to be high. As a result, wild edible mushroom S. granulatus had antioxidant potential.
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    PHYTOTOXICITY OF ABOVE - GROUND WEED RESIDUE AGAINST SOME CROPS AND WEEDS
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2020) Mushtaq, Waseem; Mehdizade, Mohammad; Siddiqui, Mohammad Badruzzaman; Ozturk, Munir; Jabran, Khawar; Altay, Volkan
    Weed residues mixing with the soil after the death of weeds can inhibit growth and development of crop plants. A study was conducted to assess the allelopathic intrusion of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia above-ground residues on growth of selected crops (Pisum sativum, Cicer arietinum) and weeds (Cassia tora, C. sophera), nature of chemicals involved, role of nutrients and physico-chemical parameters. Growth responses of weeds and crops were analyzed for soil amended with different rates of Nicotiana residue (residue amended soil, RS) and residual extract (residue extract amended soil, RES). Likewise, the growth behaviour of test plants was also evaluated against extract of residue in hydroponics (residue extract, RE). Physiochemical screening of amended soils was conducted to look for concentration and bioavailability of essential nutrients. The soil amended with residues (RS and RES) showed inhibitory effect on test plants, however, residue extract (RE) had more inhibitory effects. The inhibition in growth (root length, shoot length and dry biomass) was concentration dependent and C. tora plants experienced the highest reduction among all test plants. A partial enrichment was observed in nutrient status and phenolic content as we increased the concentration of the soil amendment or the extract. This points out that growth inhibition occurred due to phenolic and not due to nutrient depletion. These findings indicate a role of putative phenolic allelochemicals forced allelopathic effects on C. arietinum, P. sativum, C. tora and C. sophera.