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Öğe ALPORT SYNDROME: SIGNIFICANCE OF GINGIVAL BIOPSY IN THE INITIAL DIAGNOSIS AND PERIODONTAL EVALUATION AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION(Univ Sao Paulo Fac Odontologia Bauru, 2009) Toygar, Hilal Uslu; Toygar, Okan; Guzeldemir, Esra; Cilasun, Ulkem; Nacar, Ahmet; Bal, NebilAlport Syndrome (AS) is an important hereditary disorder affecting the glomerular basement membrane. Diagnosis of AS is based on the presence of hematuric nephropathy, renal failure, hearing loss, ocular abnormalities and changes in the glomerular basement membrane of the lamina densa. The aims of this case report were to show the changes in the gingival tissues in a patient with AS under therapy with cyclosporin-A after renal transplantation and to discuss the possible role of type IV collagen in gingival basal lamina as an alternative approach for the diagnosis of AS. A 20-year-old male patient with AS underwent periodontal therapy including a series of gingivectomy surgeries. Gingival samples obtained during the second surgery were examined histopathologically and by transmission electron microscopy for further pathological examination. Gingivectomy procedures have been performed every 6 months over the last 4 years. The excessive and fibrous gingival enlargements resulted in migration of the anterior teeth, but no alveolar bone loss occurred. This is the first report to demonstrate the possible changes in the gingival tissues caused by AS. It is suggested that gingival biopsy can be an initial diagnostic tool instead of renal or skin biopsies. Proper dental and periodontal care and regular visits to the dentist could provide limited gingival hyperplasia to patients with AS.Öğe Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Thymoquinone in an Acute Pseudomonas Prostatitis Rat Model(Karger, 2013) Rifaioglu, Murat Mehmet; Nacar, Ahmet; Yuksel, Rana; Yonden, Zafer; Karcioglu, Murat; Zorba, O. Unal; Davarci, IsilIntroduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of thymoquinone (TQ) to improve acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material and Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 7 groups as follows: control, ABP (24, 48, and 72 h), and TQ-ABP (24, 48, and 72 h). The prostate tissue samples were assayed for prostate tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. Sections were examined for characteristic histological changes, and a histological scoring system was used. Results: When the ABP groups given TQ (24, 48, and 72 h) were compared to the ABP groups not given TQ, the levels of MDA and NO and the GPX activity were found to be significantly lower in the groups given TQ. Concerning SOD values, the TQ-ABP-72 group was lower in comparison with the ABP-72 and control groups, but statistically higher than the TQ-ABP-48 group (p < 0.05). Concerning CAT activity, only the TQ-ABP-72 and ABP-72 groups had a significant difference with the control group. TQ improved prostate histology significantly only in the TQ-ABP-24 group compared to the ABP-24 group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated for the first time that ABP induced by P. aeruginosa had an oxidative effect on prostate tissue and could regress following TQ administration as shown with the biochemical and histological findings. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, BaselÖğe Borik asit uygulamasının sıçan böbrek ve testis dokusunda oluşturduğu hasara karşı omega-3 yağ asitlerinin koruyucu etkisinin histopatolojik olarak incelenmesi(2014) Nacar, Ahmet; Selçuk, Yasin; Okuyan, Hamza Malik; Sefil Kaplan, Nebihat; Deligönül, Erkan; Nacar, EmelAmaç: Bu çalışmada borik asitin böbrek ve testis dokuları üzerine toksik etkilerine karşı omega-3 yağ asitlerinin koruyucu etkileri araştırıldı. Yöntemler: Çalışmada 32 adet Wistar albino rat kullanı- larak 4 grup oluşturuldu. Kontrol, Omega-3 (10 gün sü- reyle 400 mg/kg/gün), Borik asit (375 mg/kg/gün, 10 gün), Borik asit+Omega-3. Böbrek ve testis dokuları belirli histopatolojik bulguların yaygınlığına göre puanlandı. Bulgular: Histopatolojik analizde, borik asit testis ve böbrekte anlamlı derecede hasar oluşturdu. En belirgin bulgular böbrekte glomerüllerde büzülme, nekroz, kanama ve tübüler hücrelerde dejenerasyon; testiste ise seminifer tübülde hücre kaybı, hücrelerin bazal laminadan kopması ve epitel hücrelerin dejenerasyonu şeklindeydi. Omega-3 uygulaması bu hasarı belirgin bir biçimde hafifletti. Sonuç: Literatür analizimize göre bu çalışma borik asitin indüklediği böbrek ve testis hasarına karşı omega-3 yağ asitlerinin koruyucu etkilerinin gösterildiği ilk çalışmadır.Öğe Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protects against acute urogenital injury following pneumoperitoneum in the rat(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Rifaioglu, Murat Mehmet; Davarci, Mursel; Nacar, Ahmet; Alp, Harun; Celik, Murat; Sefil, Nebihat Kaplan; Inci, MehmetPurpose: Our aim is to determine the biochemical and histologic changes induced in the kidneys, testis and prostate on possible ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury caused by pneumoperitoneum (PNP) in a rat model and to evaluate the ability of protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). Methods: Twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided to one of three treatment groups, with seven animals in each group. Sham, laparoscopy (L), and laparoscopy plus CAPE (L + C) group were subjected to 60 min of PNP with 15 mmHg one hour before the desufflation period. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined in kidney, testis, and prostate. Kidney and testis tissues were removed to obtain a histologic score. Also, Johnsen scoring system was used for testicular tissue analysis. Results: L group had significantly higher TOS and lower TAS levels on kidney and testis compared to the other groups. In prostate biochemical analysis, there was not any difference between groups. No difference was found between groups according to kidney and testis tissues' histologic evaluation. In evaluation of Johnsen scoring, L group showed significant lower score compared to the other two groups. Conclusions: Increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) had an oxidative effect on kidney and testis but not on prostate in rats. Moreover, it could affect the testicular Johnsen score. All these adverse effects of IAP on both kidney and testis could be prevented by CAPE administration.Öğe Cardiotoxic effects of enrofloxacin on electrophysiological activity, cardiac markers, oxidative stress, and haematological findings in rabbits(2016) Durgut, Ramazan; Öztürk, Oktay Hasan; Nacar, Ahmet; Öztürk Sağkan, AliyeThe aim of this research was to investigate the effect of normal and high doses of enrofloxacin on basal electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters including corrected QT (QTc) values along with biochemical and haematological findings in healthy rabbits. In total 21 New Zealand rabbits were used. The animals were randomly divided into three groups including 7 rabbits in each. The normal dose (5 mg/kg) of enrofloxacin and a toxic dose (50 mg/kg) were given intravenously in group 1, and the normal dose was given for 6 weeks in group 2. The last group was designated as a negative control (group 3). ECG, serum biochemistry parameters, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined every week. At the end of the experiment, necropsy was performed and histology was evaluated. Some oxidative parameters were measured in the heart tissue. No cardiotoxic effect was observed on ECG, in biochemical or haematological findings, or macroscopic or histological findings in groups 2 and 3. The results indicated that enrofloxacin is not harmful for the heart in clinically healthy rabbits at normal and toxic doses compared with the negative control group in terms of ECG, biochemical or haematological findings, or macroscopic or histological findings.Öğe Ceftriaxone ameliorates cyclosporine A-induced oxidative nephrotoxicity in rat(Wiley, 2011) Yilmaz, Nigar; Ilhan, Selcuk; Naziroglu, Mustafa; Oktar, Suleyman; Nacar, Ahmet; Arica, Vefik; Tutanc, MuratA growing body of evidence now suggested that cyclosporine A (CycA)-induced nephrotoxicity is a crucial clinical problem and oxidative stress is importantly responsible for its toxicity. Ceftriaxone induced antioxidant effect in brain and neuronal tissues against oxidative damage although its antioxidant potential effect on kidney has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ceftriaxone protects CycA-induced oxidative stress kidney injury in rats. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into four groups. First group was used as control. Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg) and CycA (15 mg/kg) were administrated to second and third groups for 10 days, respectively. The ceftriaxone and CycA combination was given to rats constituting the fourth group for 10 days. Lipid peroxidation (LP), urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were higher in CycA group than in control and ceftriaxone groups although LP, urea nitrogen and LDH levels were lower in ceftriaxone + CycA group than in control and ceftriaxone groups. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were lower in CycA group than in control whereas their activities were increased in control and ceftriaxone groups. Superoxide dismutase activity did not change by the treatments. Ceftriaxone administration recovered also CycA-induced atrophy, vacuolization and exfoliations of tubular epithelium and glomerular collapse in histopathological evaluation of kidney. In conclusion, we observed that ceftriaxone is beneficial on CycA-induced oxidative stress in kidney of rats by modulating oxidative and antioxidant system. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Correlation between proteinuria level and renal morphology with special reference to electron microscopy in kidney donors(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Nacar, Ahmet; Karabay, Guelten; Unlukal, Nejat; Yazici, Canan; Ozdemir, HandanThe aims of this study were to evaluate whether there is a correlation between protein level in urine and renal morphology in kidney transplant donors, as well as to detect the role of electron microscopy. For this purpose, kidney biopsies of 10 donors with urine protein levels were evaluated. Seven patients were female and three were male. Two had physiologic proteinuria (< 150 mg/24h), four had non-significant proteinuria (150-300 mg/24h), and three had significant (> 300 mg/24h) proteinuria. Serum creatinine levels were in normal ranges in all patients except for one who had a slight increase (1.76 mg/dL). Seven cases were reported to have normal or nonspecific light microscopic findings. Two of those seven cases had physiologic proteinuria, three had nonsignificant proteinuria, and two had significant proteinuria. One case had IgA nephropathy with significant proteinuria. One donor had early stage focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with non-significant proteinuria, and one donor had focal interstitial fibrosis with normal urine protein level. There was no statistically significant difference between score means of ultrastructural morphology of the six patients with same patients' light microscopic results and score means of light microscopic results with urine protein levels of all patients. However, there was a significant difference between score means of ultrastructural morphology with urine protein levels of those six patients. In conclusion, urine protein levels and light microscopic findings did not always reflect the detailed morphology alone and together. Therefore, combining with electron microscopic examination could be more beneficial in relieving problems occurring in long-term prognoses.Öğe The Effect of Bongardia Chrysogonum on Prostate Tissue in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Dokuyucu, Recep; Ozcan, Oguzhan; Sefil, Nebihat Kaplan; Nacar, Ahmet; Inci, Mehmet[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The effect of Bongardia Chrysogonum on prostate tissue in a rat model of STZ-induced diabetes(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Dokuyucu, Recep; Gozukara, Kerem Han; Ozcan, Oguzhan; Sefil, Nebihat Kaplan; Nacar, Ahmet; Dokuyucu, Ahmet; Inci, MehmetBackground: Bongardia chrysogonum is widely used in Turkey for treating urinary tract infections and prostate hypertrophy, and it also has potent hypoglycemic effects and aids glucose homeostasis. Because of the inflammatory conditions in diabetes mellitus (DM), the prostate tissue of men with diabetes is particularly susceptible to developing hypoplasia, and DM produces characteristic pathological changes in prostate tissue. Here, we examined the effects of B. chrysogonum on the prostate tissue of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Results: The glucose levels were statistically significantly higher in the diabetic rats than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Further, they were significantly lower in the healthy and diabetic rats administered B. chrysogonum than in the untreated diabetic rats (P < 0.001 and 0.05, respectively). The total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the healthy rats administered B. chrysogonum than the healthy controls (P < 0.05) and diabetic rats (P < 0.01). They were also significantly lower in the diabetic rats administered B. chrysogonum than those that were left untreated (P < 0.05). The testosterone levels were significantly lower in the untreated diabetic rats than in the controls (untreated ones and those administered B. chrysogonum) and diabetic rats administered the herb (P < 0.001, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). The oxidative stress index was significantly higher in the untreated diabetic rats than the healthy controls (P < 0.05). It was also significantly lower in the healthy and diabetic groups treated with B. chrysogonum than the untreated diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Histological examination showed no changes in the prostate tissue of the non-diabetic rats. In the diabetic group, the glandular lumens were filled with cellular debris and leucocytic infiltrate, and the glandular epithelium was degenerated and thickened. In the diabetic group treated with B. chrysogonum, the epithelium was better preserved and less debris was seen in the glandular lumen. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to histologically prove the effects of B. chrysogonum on prostate tissue in diabetes. Our findings may be useful in developing B. chrysogonum into a therapeutic agent against diabetes and benign prostate hyperplasia.Öğe Effects of ?-Glucan Pretreatment on Acetylsalicylic Acid-Induced Gastric Damage: An Experimental Study in Rats(Elsevier Science Inc, 2010) Ozkan, Orhan Veli; Ozturk, Oktay Hasan; Aydin, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Nigar; Yetim, Ibrahim; Nacar, Ahmet; Oktar, SuleymanBACKGROUND: NSAIDs have been found to induce gastrointestinal tract damage. Recently, it has been suggested that this might be mediated by lipid peroxidation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the potential protective effects of beta-glucan against acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced gastric damage by means of its antioxidant capacity in an experimental rat model. METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were randomized into 4 groups consisting of 8 rats each. The beta-glucan group received 50 mg/kg beta-glucan once a day for 10 days and 30 minutes before anesthesia. The ASA group received saline once a day for 10 days and 300 mg/kg (20 mg/mL) ASA as a single dose, 4 hours before anesthesia. The ASA+beta-glucan group was administered 50 mg/kg beta-glucan once a day for 10 days and 30 minutes before anesthesia. Additionally, 300 mg/kg (20 mg/mL) ASA was administered as a single dose, 4 hours before anesthesia. The control group received saline once a day for 10 days and 30 minutes before anesthesia. All medications were administered by intragastric gavage. The stomach from each rat was dissected and divided into 2 parts for histologic and biochemical analysis. Gastric tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined for oxidative parameter analysis. RESULTS: The gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of beta-glucan appeared to attenuate the ASA-induced gastric tissue damage. Compared with the control group, MDA and NO levels and CAT and GSH-Px activities were significantly increased in the stomachs of ASA-treated rats (MDA, 4.12 [0.44] to 13.41 [1.05] mu mol/L; NO, 8.04 [7.25-9.10] vs 30.35 [22.34-37.95] mu mol/g protein; CAT, 0.050 [0.004] to 0.083 [0.003] k/g protein; GSH-Px, 0.57 [0.42-0.66] to 1.55 [1.19-1.76] U/L; all, P < 0.001), whereas SOD activity was significantly decreased in the same group (291 [29] to 124 [61 U/mL; P < 0.001). In the ASA+beta-glucan group, MDA and NO levels and CAT and GSH-Px activities were found to be significantly lower, while SOD activity was found to be significantly higher, in comparison with the ASA-treated group (all, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: beta-Glucan appeared to attenuate the gastric damage caused by ASA in these rats. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2010;71:369-383) (C) 2010 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.Öğe Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats(2010) Oktar, Süleyman; Aydın, Mehmet; Yönden, Zafer; Alçin, Ergül; İlhan, Selçuk; Nacar, AhmetCaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural product with potent anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities and attenuates inflammation and lipid peroxidation induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CAPE on isoproterenol (ISO) -induced myocardial infarction. Methods: A randomized controlled experimental design was used in this study. Rats were divided into four groups and treated with saline, CAPE, ISO and ISO+CAPE. Rats were treated with CAPE (10 μmol kg/day i.p.) or saline starting 3 days before injecting ISO (150 mg /kg s.c., 24 hours). Seven days later, rats were sacrificed and the hearts were excised for biochemical analyses and microscopic examination. One-way ANOVA test with post hoc multiple comparisons using LSD method were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The administration of ISO alone resulted in higher myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) than in the control. The enzyme activities did not change in rat given CAPE alone. CAPE treatment prevented the increase in MPO activity and malondialdehyde, but did not affect the activities SOD and CAT enzymes. Conclusion: In light of these results, we conclude that CAPE prevents MPO-and lipid peroxidation-mediated myocardial injury via inhibition of neutrophil’s MPO activity.Öğe Effects of Erdosteine on Acetaminophen-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats(Sage Publications Inc, 2008) Kuvandik, Guven; Duru, Mehmet; Nacar, Ahmet; Yonden, Zafer; Helvaci, Rami; Koc, Ahmet; Kozlu, TolunayWe investigated the effects of erdosteine on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALT (alanine transaminase) activities, and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide levels as oxidant/antioxidant biochemical parameters were investigated with light microscopic evaluation in adult female Wistar Albino rats. APAP administration produced a decrease in hepatic SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities, and coadministration of erdosteine (150 and 300 mg/kg) resulted in increases in the activities. MDA and NO levels increased in the APAP group, and erdosteine treatments prevented these increases. Significant elevations in serum AST and ALT levels were observed in the APAP group, and when erdosteine and APAP were coadministered, their serum levels were close to those in the control group. Light microscopic evaluation of livers showed that there were remarkable centrilobular (zone III) hepatic necrosis and mild to moderate sinusoidal congestion in the APAP group, whereas in the erdosteine group, cellular necrosis was minimal and the hepatocytes maintained a better morphology when compared to the APAP group. Erdosteine prevented APAP-induced liver injury and toxic side effects probably through the antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of erdosteine.Öğe IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF ENDOMETRIAL LEUKOCYTES IN IMPLANTATION PERIOD IN RATS WITH STREPTOZOTOSIN-INDUCED DIABETES(Vesalius Univ Medical Publ, 2016) Nacar, Emel; Bozkurt, Yesim Akaydin; Koc, Ahmet; Nacar, AhmetOur first aim was to determine the total leukocyte profile in implantation. Second aim was to detect the changes in uterine leukocyte profile in diabetes, a common accompanying disease. For this purpose 4 groups are formed with Wistar albino rats weighing 250-300 g. Two of the groups were non-diabetic and two of them were diabetic. One of the diabetic and one of the non-diabetic groups were left pregnant. Then uterus tissues of pregnant animals were removed in the 5th and 7th days of pregnancy together with tissues of other two non-pregnant groups. Tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically with antibodies CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD68 and CD79a. It was revealed that pregnancy increased immune staining of CD68, CD3, CD45 and CD56 in endometrium. In addition it was observed that immune staining density of CD68, CD45 and CD56 decreased in diabetes. In the histopathological examination, significant degeneration was detected in the endometrium of diabetic rats. Diabetes could decrease leukocyte proportions in decidua in early pregnancy periods. Therefore immune cell therapies could be administrated in diabetes related problems of pregnancy.Öğe Investigation of the protective effect of erdosteine against cyclosporine-induced injury in rat liver with histological and biochemical methods(2015) Nacar, Ahmet; Karaboğa, İhsan; Okuyan, Hamza Malik; Kaplan Sefil, Nebihat; Nacar, Emel; Motor, Sedat; Akküçük, Seçkin; Özkan, Orhan VeliBackground/aim: In the present study, the protective effect of erdosteine against cyclosporine-induced injury in rat liver was investigated with histological and biochemical methods. Materials and methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (n = 8), cyclosporine (n = 8, 20 mg kg–1 day–1 i.p.), cyclosporine + erdosteine (n = 8, erdosteine 12 mg kg–1 day–1 orally), and erdosteine (n = 8). At the end of day 12, liver tissues were removed for histological and biochemical analysis. After liver tissues were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin, routine histological processes were applied and tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, and elastic fiber stain methods. One hundred lobules of liver were examined for each group and evaluated statistically. The levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, were determined. Results: The cyclosporine group showed significant histopathological changes compared to the control. In the cyclosporine + erdosteine group, histopathological changes of hepatic damage were markedly reduced. Histological findings were supported by biochemical results. Conclusion: Erdosteine could attenuate cyclosporine-induced liver injury.Öğe Letrozole induces hepatotoxicity without causing oxidative stress: the protective effect of melatonin(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Aydin, Mehmet; Oktar, Suleyman; Ozkan, Orhan Veli; Alcin, Ergul; Ozturk, Oktay Hasan; Nacar, AhmetAim. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of letrozole (LTZ), an aromatase inhibitor (AI), and melatonin (MLT) on hepatic function and oxidative stress in female rats. Material and methods. A total of 32 female rats were divided equally into four groups (n = 8). Control group received saline (0.5 ml/day, oral gavage). LTZ was administered to rats by daily oral gavage at 1 mg/kg dose. LTZ + MLT group was given LTZ (1 mg/kg, oral gavage) plus MLT (0.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.). MLT group was given MLT (0.5 mg/kg/day) by s.c. injection. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in liver tissue. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) were assayed in serum samples. Results. The oxidative stress, parameters did not differ between groups. LTZ administration increased hepatic function parameters such as AST, LDH, ALP, bilirubin and MLT improved the disturbances of hepatic function. LTZ caused minimal histological changes in liver tissue and MLT treatment reversed those dejenerations. Discussion. LTZ may cause hepatotoxicity without inducing oxidative stress and MLT restores hepatic activity.Öğe New perspective for the treatment of Alzheimer diseases: Liposomal rivastigmine formulations(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Mutlu, N. Basaran; Degim, Zelihagul; Yilmaz, Sukran; Essiz, Dinc; Nacar, AhmetThe aim of this study was to determine the transportations of rivastigmine containing from various liposome formulations through Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells monolayer and to compare the in vitro test results with in vivo. There is no other liposome formulation of rivastigmine and the transportations of rivastigmine through MDCK cell monolayers or related study available in the literature. Cytotoxicity (MTT) test was used to determine cell viabilities. The effect of sodium-taurocholate or dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrine as penetration enhancer was also investigated. Characterization and stability studies for liposome formulations were performed. Permeation experiments of rivastigmine were performed through MDCK cells and dialysis membrane. The kinetic of release from liposomes was also investigated. The highest apparent permeability coefficient (log. values) was obtained with sodium-taurocholate liposomes for --1.15 +/-+/- 0.16 for MDCK cell. Rivastigmine liposomes and solutions were also administered to mice orally and intraperitonally. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined by Ellman method. AChE% inhibition values were calculated for both blood and brain after administration of rivastigmine solution and liposomes. The highest AChE inhibition was observed for rivastigmine-sodium-taurocholate liposomes. Histological observations of the mice'' brains were performed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The histological results were also indicated and supported all these findings.Öğe Pili Annulati: Light and Electron Microscopic Findings of a Case(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2009) Serarslan, Gamze; Nacar, Ahmet; Dogramaci, Asena CigdemPili annulati is a rare autosomal dominant inherited hair shaft disorder. It is characterized by alternating light and dark bands and there is no association with hair fragility. A 8-year-old girl presented to our dermatology outpatient clinic with a 7-year history of hair disorder. Dermatologic examination revealed light and dark banding of hairs. Light microscopy of the hairs displayed intermittent dark banding. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cavities within the cortex of hair. In the light of clinical and microscopic findings, the patient was diagnosed with pili annulati and to the best of our knowledge, our patient is the first case reported from Turkey.Öğe The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats(Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Meydan, Sedat; Nacar, Ahmet; Ozturk, Hasan Oktay; Tas, Ufuk; Kose, Evren; Zararsiz, Ismail; Yilmaz, NigarCaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to examine the negative effects of toluene on kidney tissues and functions and to investigate the protective effects of CAPE against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of equal number in each. The rats in group I were the controls. Toluene was intraperitoneally injected into the rats in group II with a dose of 500 mg/kg. Rats in group III received CAPE daily while exposed to toluene. After 14 days of experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. Enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were studied in the rat kidneys. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels were measured for renal function. The CAT and SOD enzyme activities and serum creatinine levels were significantly increased in rats treated with toluene when compared with the controls. But GSH-Px activity, MDA, and BUN levels showed statistically nonsignificant changes. However, increased CAT and SOD enzyme activities and decreased serum creatinine levels were detected in the rats that received CAPE while exposed to toluene. The GSH-Px activity and MDA and BUN levels in the same group did not show statistically significant changes. The results of our study demonstrated that toluene damages kidney tissue and is a nephrotoxic substance. CAPE was able to prevent the renal damage as antioxidant, antitoxic, and nephroprotective agent.Öğe Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on the Dose-Dependent Acute Nephrotoxicity with Paraquat in a Rat Model(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Rifaioglu, Murat Mehmet; Sefil, Fatih; Gokce, Hasan; Nacar, Ahmet; Dorum, Bayram Ali; Davarci, MurselParaquat (PQ), which is used extensively as a potent herbicide throughout the world, is highly toxic in humans. We aimed to determine PQ-induced biochemical and histologic changes in the kidneys, and to evaluate the ability of the protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against PQ-induced injury in rats. Forty-eight rats were divided into eight groups of six: Group 1: Control; Group 2: 10 mol/kg CAPE; Group 3: 15 mg/kg PQ; Group 4: 30 mg/kg PQ; Group 5: 45 mg/kg PQ; Group 6: 15 mg/kg PQ+CAPE; Group 7: 30 mg/kg PQ+CAPE; Group 8: 45 mg/kg PQ+CAPE. PQ and CAPE were injected intraperitoneally. The levels of the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in the supernatants of the excised left kidney. Right kidney tissue of each rat was removed to obtain a histologic score. When PQ-administrated (15, 30, 45) groups compared with other groups, TOS values were found to be significantly higher (p<0.01). PQ (15, 30, 45) groups had significantly diminished values of TAS than the other groups (p<0.001). Of histologic score evaluation, only the PQ45 group had a significantly higher value than the sham, and CAPE groups (p<0.05). Moreover, in CAPE+PQ45 group, the level of histologic score was decreased compared to PQ45 group (p<0.001). In conclusion, the evaluation of the data suggests that CAPE can be used to prevent the acute effects of PQ nephrotoxicity. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 375-381, 2015.Öğe Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on cyclosporine-A-induced nephrotoxicity(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Duru, Mehmet; Nacar, Ahmet; Yonden, Zafer; Kuvandik, Gfiven; Helvaci, Mehmet Rami; Koc, Ahmet; Akaydin, YesimObjectives. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is used for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, CsA-induced nephrotoxicity remains an important clinical problem, and oxidative stress has been implicated as a possible responsible mechanism. We assessed the protective ability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods. Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I rats were treated with sodium chloride as control, group 2 with CsA, group 3 with CsA and NAC, and group 4 with NAC alone. Animals were sacrificed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Kidney sections were analyzed for MDA and NO levels and SOD and GSH-Px activities, as well as histopathological changes. Results. Overall, the treatment of rats with CsA alone produced significant increases in NO and MDA levels and significant decreases in SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum and renal samples. Morphological changes, including tubular epithelial atrophy, vacuolizations, and cellular desquamations, were clearly observed in the rats treated with CsA alone. Concurrent NAC administration with CsA improved renal function, as indicated by lower BUN and Cr values. Moreover, NAC significantly reduced MAD and NO levels and increased SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum and renal tissue, as well as provided a histologically proven protection against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Conclusion. These results indicate that NAC produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role for oxidative stress in pathogenesis.
