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    Determination of fruit and oil characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. 'Gemlik') in different irrigation and fertilization regimes
    (Academic Journals, 2009) Toplu, Celil; Onder, Derya; Onder, Sermet; Yildiz, Ercan
    We evaluated plant growth, fruit and oil characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. 'Gemlik') grown on different fertilization and irrigation treatments. Irrigation regimes included rainfed-control (T-0), two treatments with 50% (T-50) of the full irrigation treatment (T-100) which received 100% class-A pan evaporation. Four fertilization treatments included unfertilized-control (F-0), traditional fertilization (F-1) and application of P and K during different growing stages (F-2-F-3). Experiments were conducted in each of three years considered as repeated units in a repeated measurement design. Fruit and total oil yields of olive increased about three times in highest irrigation and fertilization combination compared to rainfed and unfertilized treatments. The fruit and oil yield increased from 11.46 and 2.78 kg/tree (T0F0) to 30.07 and 7.12 kg/tree (T100F3), respectively. Mean fruit weight (from 2.87 to up to 4.24 g) and pulp stone ratio (from 3.68 to up to 5.60) also increased with additional water as P and K applied during flowering and endocarp hardening stages, respectively. Fertilization treatments had little effect on fatty acid compositions while additional irrigation resulted in increased palmitic and linoleic acid and decreased oleic acid content. Monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio was also decreased with irrigation supplements.
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    Effect of different irrigation water level on cotton yield and yield components
    (Academic Journals, 2009) Onder, Derya; Akiscan, Yasar; Onder, Sermet; Mert, Mehmet
    Effects of different water level on yield and yield components of the drip irrigated cotton were evaluated in Amik Plain in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Four levels of irrigation water were tested in 2003 and 2004. Treatments were 25 (I-25), 50 (I-50), 75% (I-75) of the full irrigation treatment (I-100) which received 100% class-A pan evaporation. Numbers of irrigation events were 5 and 8 in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Under I-25, I-50 and I-75 treatment conditions, evapotranspiration, total cotton seed yield, boll weight, lint percentage, number of sympodial branches and leaf area index decreased while some boll parameters such as boll weights and opened boll numbers increased. Increase of boll number per plant under water stress condition showed that cotton had high ability for adapting water stress conditions. The highest yield was obtained in the I-100 treatment. A second degree polynomial relation could adequately describe the cotton seed yield response to the irrigation water amount. The highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was obtained with the I-50 treatment.
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    Effects of water stress and mulch on grean bean yield and yield components in greenhouse condition
    (Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006) Onder, Sermet; Bozkurt, Sefer; Sayilikan, Gülsüm; Onder, Derya; Kara, Melisa
    In this research, effects of water stress levels (I100, I 66, I33 and I0) and mulch types (gray-Mg; black-Mb- and mulchless-Mo) on green bean yield and yield components in greenhouse condition were studied. The irrigation levels applied in this study significantly affected the yield and almost all yield parameters. The irrigation at I100 level gave the highest green bean yield. Un-irrigated treatment (I0) gave the lowest values for yield and yield parameters. The irrigation level x mulch treatment interactions were significant on pod width, length of pod and branch number per plant. The yield and almost all of yield components were not affected by mulch types. However, the yields for the mulch treatments of Mg and Mb were higher than the mulchless treatment (Mo) under the water stress condition. The yield was not significantly affected by the mulch types, but gray mulch type (Mg) has the highest yield. The highest WUE was obtained in I0xMg conditions. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
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    Estimation of actual soil evaporation using E-DiGOR model in different parts of Turkey
    (Academic Journals, 2009) Onder, Derya; Aydin, Mehmet; Onder, Sermet
    Penman-Monteith Equation was applied to determine potential soil evaporation using standard data of the meteorological stations at 14 locations from 2001 to 2003. Actual evaporation calculations for different climatic conditions were carried out using the E-DiGOR model developed by Aydin (2008). For comparisons of climatic types, the same soil properties were assumed in calculations. The results showed that the model was suitable for calculating potential and actual soil evaporation rates in different locations with satisfactory accuracy. Owing to high variability of both precipitation and potential evaporation, the actual soil evaporation in different parts of Turkey can change from 263 to 592.7 mm/year. The actual soil evaporation, as calculated with the model, accounted for 34.2 to 83.3% of the incoming precipitation.
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    Phytoremediative Potential of Tobacco under Deficit Irrigation Conditions for Ni-Polluted Soil
    (Hard, 2014) Daghan, Hatice; Uygur, Veil; Onder, Derya; Onder, Sermet
    The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of reclaiming Ni-polluted soils by phytoremediation under deficit irrigation conditions. Tobacco, Nicotiana rustica, was grown for 6 weeks at four different irrigation rates (100, 80, 60, and 40% of irrigation requirement) and four nickel concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Ni.kg(-1) soil) applied from NiSO4. Nickel toxicity, water stress symptoms, dry shoot biomass, Ni concentration, and Ni uptake were followed. Neither Ni treatment nor water stress-induced Ni toxicity were observed, and there was no treatment-induced difference in chlorophyll content of leaves. With the increasing Ni application, there was a gradual increase in Ni concentration of the shoots from the 40% irrigation through 100% irrigation. As a result, the ability of tobacco to accumulate Ni at high concentration can enable it to be used for phytoremediation of Ni-polluted soils despite the fact that water deficit limits Ni accumulation to some extent.
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    Status of greenhouses in Eastern Mediterranean coastal areas of Turkey
    (Academic Journals, 2009) Onder, Derya
    The study was carried out in greenhouses at Eastern Mediterranean coastal areas of Turkey in Samandag area of Hatay province where greenhouse production is wide spread. The work undertaken in 2007 aimed at determining general management problems, structural features and weaknesses and climate control of greenhouses owned by villagers, having only small holdings barely adequate for supporting their families. 97 greenhouses in 48 holdings were evaluated. Only one greenhouse was glass and the rest was plastic covered. The greenhouses with an area of greater than 1000 square meter were 32%. Regarding roof structures, 63.9% was of arch, 34.0% shallow arch and the remaining 2.1% was of gothic. The single glasshouse that existed in the area had saddle roof. The roof structures did not generally have adequate slopes. The plastic cover material used was mostly PE (79%) with inclusion of UV+IR. Heating of the greenhouses was only for frost protection purpose which adversely affected crop yields and quality. Only 2% of the greenhouses present in the area was constructed based on projects of engineering designs; the remaining were simply of palliative construction with no expert input. They were usually constructed by growers themselves. Interviews with growers showed that they were quite knowledgeable on best management greenhouse practices; however, the economic constraints prevent them from using and adopting new greenhouse technologies. There was only one greenhouse where soilless practice was used. The survey work showed that major improvements regarding types, construction, climate control of greenhouses and crop production methods were essential to improve greenhouse production in the area.