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Öğe Cotton yields under different furrow irrigation management techniques in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) area, Turkey(Springer, 2007) Uenlue, Mustafa; Kanber, Riza; Onder, Sermet; Sezen, Metin; Diker, Kenan; Ozekici, Bulent; Oylu, MustafaThe continuous flow furrow irrigation (COFFI), surge flow furrow irrigation (SUFFI), cutback flow furrow irrigation (CUFFI), variable alternate flow furrow irrigation (VAFFI), and tail water reuse system furrow (TWRSF) techniques with the same inflow rate of 0.072 m(3) min(-1) were compared in relation to the cotton yield and water use efficiency at a 3-year field study conducted on cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) area of Turkey. Yields revealed significant statistical differences between the furrow management techniques (P < 0.05). The maximum yield was obtained from the COFFI treatment (2,630 and 2,920 kg ha(-1)) in the first 2 years, and from SUFFI and CUFFI treatments (3,690 and 3,780 kg ha(-1), respectively) in the last year. There were significant yield reductions, which varied from 10 to 35% in TWRSF and from 11 to 19% in VAFFI treatments although 43 and 28% more water was applied to the TWRSF than to CUFFI and SUFFI treatments, respectively. The average total water use efficiencies (WUEET) varied from 4.14 (VAFFI) to 2.59 (COFFI). The corresponding values were 0.37 and 0.36 kg ha(-1) m(-3) for CUFFI and SUFFI, respectively. The average irrigation water use efficiency (WUEIR) for CUFFI and SUFFI treatments were 0.30 and 0.23 kg ha(-1) m(-3), respectively.Öğe Determination of fruit and oil characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. 'Gemlik') in different irrigation and fertilization regimes(Academic Journals, 2009) Toplu, Celil; Onder, Derya; Onder, Sermet; Yildiz, ErcanWe evaluated plant growth, fruit and oil characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. 'Gemlik') grown on different fertilization and irrigation treatments. Irrigation regimes included rainfed-control (T-0), two treatments with 50% (T-50) of the full irrigation treatment (T-100) which received 100% class-A pan evaporation. Four fertilization treatments included unfertilized-control (F-0), traditional fertilization (F-1) and application of P and K during different growing stages (F-2-F-3). Experiments were conducted in each of three years considered as repeated units in a repeated measurement design. Fruit and total oil yields of olive increased about three times in highest irrigation and fertilization combination compared to rainfed and unfertilized treatments. The fruit and oil yield increased from 11.46 and 2.78 kg/tree (T0F0) to 30.07 and 7.12 kg/tree (T100F3), respectively. Mean fruit weight (from 2.87 to up to 4.24 g) and pulp stone ratio (from 3.68 to up to 5.60) also increased with additional water as P and K applied during flowering and endocarp hardening stages, respectively. Fertilization treatments had little effect on fatty acid compositions while additional irrigation resulted in increased palmitic and linoleic acid and decreased oleic acid content. Monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio was also decreased with irrigation supplements.Öğe Different furrow management techniques for cotton production and water conservation in Harran Plain, Sanliurfa(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Kanber, Riza; Onder, Sermet; Unlu, Mustafa; Tekin, Servet; Sezen, S. Metin; Diker, KenanIn this study, the water saving and conservation potential of various furrow irrigation management techniques for irrigated cotton were compared. Conventional every-furrow irrigation with open-end furrows (EFO) and blocked-end furrows (EFB), and alternate every-other-furrow management with open-end furrows (AFO) and blocked-end furrows (AFB), were considered. Considerable seasonal water savings were obtained with AFO and AFB flows, on average from 717 mm to 906 mm, respectively, when compared to EFO. Alternate furrows showed the ability to reduce tailwater runoff considerably. When compared with EFO, water use was reduced by 9063 m(3) ha(-1) (60%) using AFB and 7167 m(3) ha(-1) (48%) using AFO, with decreases in yield of 765 kg ha(-1) (27%) and 492 kg ha(-1) (17%), respectively. Similarly, average water use efficiencies were 0.36 kg m(-3) for AFB and 0.31 kg m(-3) for AFO, compared to 0.20 kg m(-3) for EFO. Results showed the possibility of applying alternate-flow furrow management techniques for water conservation in cotton irrigation. Additionally, the alternate furrow method could also be considered as a deficit irrigation approach in the Harran Plain.Öğe Effect of different irrigation water level on cotton yield and yield components(Academic Journals, 2009) Onder, Derya; Akiscan, Yasar; Onder, Sermet; Mert, MehmetEffects of different water level on yield and yield components of the drip irrigated cotton were evaluated in Amik Plain in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Four levels of irrigation water were tested in 2003 and 2004. Treatments were 25 (I-25), 50 (I-50), 75% (I-75) of the full irrigation treatment (I-100) which received 100% class-A pan evaporation. Numbers of irrigation events were 5 and 8 in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Under I-25, I-50 and I-75 treatment conditions, evapotranspiration, total cotton seed yield, boll weight, lint percentage, number of sympodial branches and leaf area index decreased while some boll parameters such as boll weights and opened boll numbers increased. Increase of boll number per plant under water stress condition showed that cotton had high ability for adapting water stress conditions. The highest yield was obtained in the I-100 treatment. A second degree polynomial relation could adequately describe the cotton seed yield response to the irrigation water amount. The highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was obtained with the I-50 treatment.Öğe Effects of water stress and mulch on grean bean yield and yield components in greenhouse condition(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006) Onder, Sermet; Bozkurt, Sefer; Sayilikan, Gülsüm; Onder, Derya; Kara, MelisaIn this research, effects of water stress levels (I100, I 66, I33 and I0) and mulch types (gray-Mg; black-Mb- and mulchless-Mo) on green bean yield and yield components in greenhouse condition were studied. The irrigation levels applied in this study significantly affected the yield and almost all yield parameters. The irrigation at I100 level gave the highest green bean yield. Un-irrigated treatment (I0) gave the lowest values for yield and yield parameters. The irrigation level x mulch treatment interactions were significant on pod width, length of pod and branch number per plant. The yield and almost all of yield components were not affected by mulch types. However, the yields for the mulch treatments of Mg and Mb were higher than the mulchless treatment (Mo) under the water stress condition. The yield was not significantly affected by the mulch types, but gray mulch type (Mg) has the highest yield. The highest WUE was obtained in I0xMg conditions. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.Öğe EFFECTS OF WATER STRESS ON PLANT GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME GRAPE VARIETIES(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Kamiloglu, Onder; Sivritepe, Nuray; Onder, Sermet; Daghan, HaticeThe objective of the present study is to investigate the physiological, morphological and structural changes induced by water deficit on four different table grape cultivars that are commonly cultivated in the Mediterranean region. One-year-old vine (Vitis vinifera L.), cultivars 'Crimson Seedless', 'Superior Seedless', 'Razaki' and 'Horoz Karasi' grafted onto 1103 P rootstock were grown in a greenhouse in a soil/farmyard manure/sand/turf mixture (2:1:1:0.5) in pots; and subjected to water stress for 40 days. A 60% limitation of the available water caused total leaf area and dry weight decrease as well as negative impact on growth in all cultivars. As a result of this application, a distinctive decrease in root growth was observed in the Crimson Seedless, Superior Seedless and Razaki cultivars, in comparison with the control. While there was no significant change in grade of leaf thickness, leaf tissue density, or leaf succulence during water stress application, increases in leaf K, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents, chlorophyll content, and leaf electrolyte leakage were observed. Significant differences were seen among the grape cultivars in terms of adaptation to aridity conditions. Generally, the most sensitive grape cultivar in terms of tolerance to water stress was Superior Seedless, whereas the cultivar that can optimally adapt to conditions of higher aridity was Horoz Karasi.Öğe Estimation of actual soil evaporation using E-DiGOR model in different parts of Turkey(Academic Journals, 2009) Onder, Derya; Aydin, Mehmet; Onder, SermetPenman-Monteith Equation was applied to determine potential soil evaporation using standard data of the meteorological stations at 14 locations from 2001 to 2003. Actual evaporation calculations for different climatic conditions were carried out using the E-DiGOR model developed by Aydin (2008). For comparisons of climatic types, the same soil properties were assumed in calculations. The results showed that the model was suitable for calculating potential and actual soil evaporation rates in different locations with satisfactory accuracy. Owing to high variability of both precipitation and potential evaporation, the actual soil evaporation in different parts of Turkey can change from 263 to 592.7 mm/year. The actual soil evaporation, as calculated with the model, accounted for 34.2 to 83.3% of the incoming precipitation.Öğe Phytoremediative Potential of Tobacco under Deficit Irrigation Conditions for Ni-Polluted Soil(Hard, 2014) Daghan, Hatice; Uygur, Veil; Onder, Derya; Onder, SermetThe aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of reclaiming Ni-polluted soils by phytoremediation under deficit irrigation conditions. Tobacco, Nicotiana rustica, was grown for 6 weeks at four different irrigation rates (100, 80, 60, and 40% of irrigation requirement) and four nickel concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Ni.kg(-1) soil) applied from NiSO4. Nickel toxicity, water stress symptoms, dry shoot biomass, Ni concentration, and Ni uptake were followed. Neither Ni treatment nor water stress-induced Ni toxicity were observed, and there was no treatment-induced difference in chlorophyll content of leaves. With the increasing Ni application, there was a gradual increase in Ni concentration of the shoots from the 40% irrigation through 100% irrigation. As a result, the ability of tobacco to accumulate Ni at high concentration can enable it to be used for phytoremediation of Ni-polluted soils despite the fact that water deficit limits Ni accumulation to some extent.
