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Öğe Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in livestock feeds(South African Journal Of Animal Sciences, 2018) Onel, S. E.; Sungur, S.; Koroglu, M.The objective of this study was to examine the levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in livestock feeds (calf starter, dairy cattle, fattening cattle, calf growth, lamb starter, lamb growth, dairy sheep, fattening sheep, chick, broiler and layer hen feeds) and feed raw materials (wheat, cottonseed pulp, wheat bran, maize, barley, lentil, wheat straw, bean straw, pea straw and meadow grass). PFOA and PFOS concentrations of 30 livestock feeds, 24 raw feed materials, 9 poultry feeds and 10 water samples were determined by LC-MS/MS. The findings indicated that all the evaluated livestock feeds and feed materials contain perfluorinated compounds. Poultry, cattle, feed raw materials and sheep feed samples were examined for PFOA concentrations and for PFOS concentrations, cattle, poultry, sheep and feed raw materials samples were examined. The highest PFOA concentrations were found in layer hen feed (7.55 mu g/kg), dairy cattle feed (6.75 mu g/kg) and fattening cattle feed (6.53 mu g/kg) respectively. The highest PFOS levels were found in layer hen feed (0.882 mu g/kg), calf feed (0.833 mu g/kg) and dairy sheep feed (0.830 mu g/kg).Öğe Effect of thyme oil (Thymbra spicata l. Var. Spicata) on meat quality in Japanese quails(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2014) Aksu, T.; Aksu, M. I.; Onel, S. E.; Yakan, A.; Kaya, D. A.; Baylan, M.The effects of thyme oil on meat quality in Japanese quails were investigated. A total of 192 mixed sexes Japanese quail chicks were used in the feeding trial, which lasted until the birds reached 35 d of age. Birds were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments comprising three experimental groups and one control group (basal diet). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups, with each containing twelve quails. Basal diet was formulated according to NRC recommendations. Thyme oil was added daily to the basal diet at 200 (T1), 400 (T2) and 600 mg/kg (T3) levels, respectively. After slaughtering and evisceration, the carcasses were stored at 3 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 10-12 h and then the breast fillets were removed from carcass. All dietary levels of thyme oil increased significantly the pH values of the breast fillets (P < 0.01). Dietary thyme oils significantly affected the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) values. The TBARS value was significantly higher in male quails than in females (P < 0.01). Interaction between groups and gender has been significant for TBARS values and cold carcass weight (P < 0.01). The supplementation of thyme oil to diets significantly affected a* and C* values of breast fillets in Japanese quails (P < 0.01) while no differences were observed among all groups for L*, b*, H* values. Interaction between group and gender was also significant for a* and C* values (P < 0.01).Öğe Effects of oregano essential oil (Origanum syriacum L.) on performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology and oxidative stress in laying hens(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2019) Gul, M.; Yilmaz, E.; Yildirim, B. A.; Sezmis, G.; Kaya, A.; Timurkaan, S.; Onel, S. E.This study aimed to investigate the effects that including different levels of oregano essential oil (Origanum syriacum L.) (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) in the diets of laying hens had on performance, egg quality, and intestinal morphology, as well as egg malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, blood lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress parameters. The study used a total of 120 Lohmann white laying hens aged 20 to 22 weeks. The experiment comprised the following three treatment groups, based on the dosages of oregano essential oil: 200 mg/kg (A), 400 mg/kg (B), 600 mg/kg (C); and a control group (K) that did not use oregano essential oil. Each group included 30 hens and each was divided into six subgroups with five hens each. In this study, feed intake and egg weight were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the control group (P=0.046; P< 0.001). There was no difference among the groups in terms of eggshell strength, egg shape index, eggshell thickness, albumin index, or yolk index. However, there was a significant difference in eggshell weight, yolk color and Haugh unit in the experimental groups (P=0.015; P=0.031; P=0.042). The MDA levels in the yolk were lowest in group A (P< 0.05). In all groups with the exception of group A, yolk and serum MDA levels increased while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase decreased as the doses of oregano essential oil increased (P< 0.001; P< 0.001; P< 0.01; P< 0.001). There was no significant serum glutathione level. In the histological analysis of the intestine, the villus height was higher in group C than in the control group (P=0.010). Based on these results, we concluded that 200 mg/kg was the most effective dose of oregano essential oil for improving performance, egg quality, and intestinal morphology while reducing oxidative stress in laying hens.Öğe Investigation of the Bioactivity of Escin in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Kucukgul, A.; Isgor, M. M.; Onel, S. E.Escin is a triterpene saponin obtained from the horse chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippo-castanaceae). The aim of this study is to investigate the bioactivity of escin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxida-tive stress in quails. The study was performed in male Japanese quails (n=10) with similar pre-experimental weights (Coturnix japonica) on average. In order to create oxidative stress in quails, hydrogen peroxide was given to drinking water ad libitum for 1 week. At the end of the period, escin was injected intraperitoneally into the quails twice, every other day. The weights of the experimental animals were measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment and compared. In addition, the 10-day live weight change rate and feed intake rates of the experimental animals were also compared. Total antioxidant (TAC), total oxidant (TOC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured colorimet-rically from serum and liver homogenates of animals in the experimental groups. In addition, IL-1 & beta; translation levels from serum samples were investigated by the ELISA method. According to the data obtained from the study, 10-day body weight change rates increased by 33% in the hydrogen peroxide added group compared to the control group, while an increase of 133% was observed in the escin-treated group. Besides, in serum and liver samples, it was found that escin showed strong antioxidant properties by decreasing the amount of TOC and increasing TAC levels in the group escin administered with hydrogen peroxide, compared to the group administered only with hydrogen peroxide. It was also observed that escin significantly suppressed the levels of IL-1 & beta; induced by hydrogen peroxide. As a result, escin was thought to be an alternative molecule in improving growth performance by showing significant antioxidant activity in the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation in quails. However, multiple trials and detailed molec-ular analyzes are needed to obtain more detailed information on the subject.
