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Öğe Can thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) volatile oil alleviate the detrimental effects of high stocking densities in Japanese quail?(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Aksu, TaylanThis study was conducted to observe the effects of thyme plant (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) volatile oil on quails and intestinal microbiota in high stocking density. For this purpose, 300 7-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were used in the study. The quails were selected on the basis of body weight and divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 5 replications that contained 50 quail chicks according to the following experimental design: positive control group (NSD - CONT), with normal stocking density and no additive; negative control group (HSD - CONT), with high stocking density (HSD) and no additive; group HSD - ANT, with HSD and 10 mg/kg of avilamycin additive, and other groups named HSD - T1, T2, and T3, with HSD and 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of volatile oil additive respectively. In the study, a stocking density of 160 cm(2)/quail was chosen, while the high stocking density (HSD) was 90 cm(2)/quail. A statistically significant difference was found in terms of improvements in feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01), and the highest total bacteria count (cfu/g) was observed in HSD - CONT group (P < 0.01). The addition of zahter-thyme volatile oil in the diet of quails kept in high stocking density provided improvements at various levels with regard to intestinal microbiota and animal performance. It was observed that the inclusion of zahter-thyme volatile oil, in particular at 600 mg per kg level, reduced the detrimental effects of stress generated by high stocking density.Öğe The Eff ect of Total Mix Ration with Xylitol Supplementation on In Vitro Ruminal Total Gas and Methane Production, Digestion Values, Organic Acids, Ammonia-Nitrogen, and the Number of Total Protozoa in Dairy Cattle(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2022) Soylu, Yildiray; Kara, Kanber; Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Yilmaz, Sena; Oztas, Mehmet Akif; Aslan, OznurThe study aimed to determine the effect of xylitol, added to the dry period total mix ration (TMR) of dairy cattle, on in vitro rumen fermentation, total gas production, methane production, estimated digestion values, organic acids and ammonia-nitrogen contents and the number of total protozoa. Xylitol was added to dairy cattle TMR at different rates (0%, 2% 4%, and 8%; dry matter basis). The xylitol supplementations at 2 and 4% did not affect in vitro total gas production, in vitro methane production, metabolizable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMd) values (P 0.05). The molarities of total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) percentages of acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) in TVFA, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and the number of total ciliate protozoa of the in vitro rumen fluid of xylitol supplementations at 2%, 4%, and 8% were similar to those of control TMR (P 0.05). Besides, 2% and 4% xylitol supplementations to dairy cattle TMR numerically increased the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen and the number of total ciliate protozoa in in vitro fermentation fluid (P 0.05). Consequently, the supplementation of 2% and 4% xylitol to dairy cattle ration did not affect the in vitro rumen fermentation (total gas production, methane production, estimated digestion values, organic acids and ammonia-nitrogen parameters). However, 8% supplementation xylitol to dairy cattle ration had the potential to affect the before-mentioned in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters adversely.Öğe The effect of Origanum syriacum L. extract and carvacrol on the in vitro digestion, estimated digestion values, ammonia and organic acid concentrations in the fermentation fluid of lucerne herbage(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2022) Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Aksu, Taylan; Kara, Kanber; Aksu, Devrim SaripinarThe effects induced by medicinal aromatic plants in biological systems vary with the type and amount of bioactive substances these plants contain. Whether the purified form of the main chemical components of these plants, such as carvacrol and thymol, or plant volatile oils containing tens of bioactive compounds are more effective remains a question of debate. This study was aimed at providing a comparative assessment of the effects of Origanum syriacum L. (wild mountain thyme) volatile oil (OSVO) and one of its main components, carvacrol (CRV), on the in vitro ruminal degradability of lucerne herbage and methane production during the degradation of lucerne. For this purpose, wild thyme was harvested at the beginning of the flowering period, and the OSVO was extracted from the plant by steam distillation. Gas production assays were performed in five groups of ruminal fluid samples, one of which was maintained for control purposes, and the other four 40/60/80 mg/l of OSVO and 60 mg/l of CRV were added. Compared to the control group, in the samples with the added CRV and OSVO, the amounts of in vitro total gas and methane production were observed to have been affected, but no decrease was detected in the ruminal protozoa counts. The level of ammonia nitrogen was lowest in the groups, in which CRV and 40 mg/l of OSVO (P < 0.01) were added. The ruminal protozoa counts were not affected by the addition of CRV and OSVO. While the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and propionic acid (PA) concentrations in the in vitro fermentation fluid of lucerne herbage were low in all the groups, butyric acid was detected at a level of 40 mg/l in the group where CRV was added. The OSVO was ascertained to have induced dose-dependent alterations in the investigated in vitro digestion parameters. In result, CRV (60 mg/l) and OSVO (40 mg/l) were determined to have shown a relatively positive effect on the in vitro ruminal gas production. The anti-methano genic effect of the plant extracts was due to the decreased digestibility of the lucerne herbage. This can have a positive impact on the environment, but the same cannot be said for the animal nutrient use and animal performance.Öğe Effect of Some Essential Oils on in vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Alfalfa Hay(Mattioli 1885, 2021) Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Aksu, Taylan; Kalamak, Adem; Kaya, Durmus Alpaslan; Aksu, Devrim Saripinar; Sakin, Fatib; Turkmen, MusaStudy Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of essential oils derived from the leaves of Laurus nobilis (LNEO), Myrtus communis (MCEO), Lavandula stoechas (LSEO), Artemisia annua (AAEO), and Thymbra spicata (TSEO) on the rumen fermentation parameters (gas production, methane emission, organic acids, and the number of protozoa) of dry alfalfa hay. Methods: The components of all essential oils were analyzed. The effects of adding the same dose (60 mg/L) of each essential oil to the rumen fluid on in vitro rumen digestion were determined by in vitro gas production. Results: The addition of Lavandula stoechas, Artemisia annua, Myrtus communis, and Laura nobilis essential oils decreased the total gas and methane formation (ml), organic matter digestion (OMD), ruminal ammonia nitrogen levels, and the metabolic energy (ME) values. On the other hand, the Thymbra spicata essential oil did not affect any parameter except the ruminal ammonia nitrogen level. The rumen protozoa numbers were unaffected by the addition of Thymbra spicata essential oil. The total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), and butyric acid (BA) amounts in the in vitro fermentation fluid of alfalfa hay were low in all groups. Conclusion: It was determined that the active ingredients of LSEO, AAEO, MCEO, and LNEO may have a regulatory effect on ruminal fermentation. We think that more studies using different feed types and combinations of essential oils are required to reveal the effects of these essential oils on ecology and the physiology of the digestive system.Öğe Effect of the N-acetylcysteine and selenium on healing of experimental maxillary sinusitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus(Academic Journals, 2012) Akoglu, Ertap; Hakverdi, Sibel; Kontas, Tunay; Duran, Nizami; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Okuyucu, SemsettinThe purpose of this controlled-randomised study was aimed to test the antioxidative effect of the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and selenium on healing of Staphylococcus aureus sinusitis. After experimental sinusitis, 30 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups; group A was treated with Ampicillin/sulbactam and physiological saline. Group B and C were treated with NAC and selenium in addition to Ampicillin/sulbactam, respectively. The measurements were repeated at the 3rd and 10th day. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutases (SOD) activities at the 3rd day of experiment were higher than basal levels in all groups. These levels at the 10th day were lower than those of the 3rd day in groups B and C, significantly. The severity of the grade of inflammation and epithelial changes were significant between the infected and control side, but no significant change was found among the groups. S. aureus sinusitis causes to increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood. These increased levels of ROS can be neutralized in some degree by antioxidative effects of NAC and selenium which are supplemented to standard antibiotic therapy. The effect of NAC and selenium on healing of maxillary sinus mucosa seems to be insignificant.Öğe Effects of plantago species herbage and silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiome(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Kara, Kanber; Yilmaz, Sena; Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Ozbilgin, AbdullahThe present study aimed to compare the nutrient composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation values and microbiome in the ruminal fermentation of herbage and silage of the Plantago media, P. major and P. lanceolata species. The lactic acid (LA) content of P. lanceolata silage was higher than those of other plantago silages (p < 0.05). The alpha-linolenic, w-3, polyunsaturated (PUFA), medium chain (MCFA) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) of plantago silages were lower than those of plantago herbages (p < 0.05). The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents, total gas and methane production, metabolic energy (ME) and organic matter digestion (OMD) values and ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the in vitro fermentation fluid of P. major silage were lower than those of other plantago silages (p < 0.05). The in vitro ruminal methane production and community of archaea Methanobrevibacter in the microbiome of P. major herbage were higher than that of P. media and P. lanceolata herbages. The ensiling process significantly increased the in vitro total gas production, acetic acid concentration and Prevotellaceae bacteria of P. media and P. lanceolate compared their herbages. As a result, P. lanceolata and P. media silages provided high-quality silage fermentation; the nutrient composition was not lost to a great extent in the silage environment and the ruminal fibrolytic bacterial composition was positively affected. Plantago major silage could not provide a good silage quality and the in vitro ruminal fermentation and ruminal fibrolytic bacteria community value were negatively affected.Öğe Effects of supplementary choline on quail meat and fatty liver(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Sci, 2017) Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Sungur, Sana; Baylan, MikailThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementary choline on amount of choline passing to quail meat and reduction of fat deposition in liver. A hundred and thirty-six one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into eight equal groups of 17 quails each. The experiment was designed based on completely randomized design in two controls and six treatment groups: high stocking density, basal diet, control group (HSD; control 1); normal stocking density, basal diet, control group (NSD; control 2); HSD, basal diet + 900 mg kg(-1) choline (A); NSD, basal diet + 900 mg kg(-1) choline (B); HSD, basal diet + 1800 mg kg(-1) choline (C); NSD, basal diet + 1800 mg kg(-1) choline (D); HSD, basal diet + 3600 mg kg(-1) choline (E); and NSD, basal diet + 3600 mg kg(-1) choline (F). Feeds and water were supplied ad libitum. Continuous light was provided. Quails were kept in cages of 50 x 100 cm in size. The choline content of quail meat increased with increasing amount of added choline to feed. The highest choline content (439.2 and 561.2 mg kg(-1)) in quail meat was detected in E and F groups which fed the 3600 mg kg(-1) choline supplemented diet. The total lipid content of liver in E and F groups was reduced by 42% compared with the control groups. We recommend the use of supplementary choline that can improve the amount of choline passing to quail meat and reduction of fat deposition in liver.Öğe The genetic structure of the goat breeds belonging to Northwest part of Fertile Crescent(Elsevier, 2020) Gul, Sabri; Yilmaz, Onur; Gunduz, Zuhal; Keskin, Mahmut; Cemal, Ibrahim; Ata, Nezih; Onel, Suleyman ErcumentThe present study was performed to reveal genetic diversity and population structure of four native Turkish goat breeds (Hatay, Kilis, Shami and Hair), raised in Hatay and Kilis provinces located in northwest part of Fertile Crescent, using twenty-two microsatellite markers. Animal material for the study was consisted of 246 goats from Hair (60), Shami (62), Kilis (64) and Hatay (60) breeds. A total of 458 alleles were detected from twenty two markers studied. Results obtained for the mean number of alleles (20.82), expected heterozygosity (0.89) and polymorphic information content (0.88) indicated that the total analyzed population is characterized by noticeable genetic variability. The value obtained for the global coefficient of gene differentiation showed that the majority of the total genetic variation is due to individual differences (97.50%). Clustering analysis divided native goat breeds raised in Fertile Crescent into two clusters. The first cluster was consisted by Kilis and Hatay goat breeds, the second cluster was formed by Shami and Hair goat breeds. Results indicated that Kilis goat and Hatay goats are genetically closer than the other studied breeds. The results obtained from the present study will be helpful for constructing suitable selection program for indigenous goat breeds studied. On the other hand, obtained information on genetic relationships between other goat breeds raised in the region and Hatay goat is very valuable to be registered as a national breed.
