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Öğe Effect of the warm and wet environment of the swimming-pool on the bacterial flora of the external ear canal and development of otitis externa in children who attend to swimming course(Galenos Yayincilik, 2006) Akoglu, E.; Cetin, M.; Onlen, Y.; Duran, N.; Sangun, O.; Savas, L.; Ocak, S.Objective: Especially in the summer season, there is an increased incidence of ear infections in the children who attend to the swimming pools. The most frequent ear infection in this group is otitis externa. This study was planned in order to examine whether the microbiologic flora of the normal external auditory canal (EAC) is changed by the pool environment in the presence or absence of cerumen; and to evaluate the relationship of these changes with the external otitis. Methods: Ear swab samples of EAC from 197 children were taken before and 1 month after the swimming course. These samples were evaluated at the microbiology laboratory after the otoscopic examination of each student. Results: The most frequently isolated microorganisms from the samples which were taken before the course were; Staphylococcus epidermidis (76.7%), Diphteroid spp. (47.3%) and alpha-hemolytic streptococci (29.9%) respectively. After the course period, it was determined that the percentage of isolated microorganisms changed, although the order of the frequency of the first three microorganism remained the same (Staphylococcus epidermidis 75.9%, Diphteroid spp. 56.3% and alpha-hemolytic streptococci 41.1%). Only one case of external otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was seen in the course period. Conclusions: It was concluded that an alteration in the microbiologic flora of the EAC and the presence or absence of cerumen do not play a role in the development of EAC infections provided that the hygienic conditions are constituted and EAC skin is not traumatized.Öğe Effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antiviral therapies in chronic hepatitis C infections patients with cirrhosis in Turkey(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Tabak, F.; Cuvalci, N. O.; Kurtaran, B.; Onlen, Y.; Sari, N. D.; Kaya, S.; Ince, N.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The intensity of antibiotic usage in the university hospital and the investigation of an inappropriate use of antibiotics(Aepress Sro, 2011) Evirgen, O.; Onlen, Y.; Ertan, O.Aims: In the present study, we intended to investigate the intensity of antibiotic administration in our hospital and the ratio of an inappropriate antibiotic usage. Material and method: Related data was collected during 3 consecutive days between 1-3 July 2009 at the Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine Hospital. The antimicrobial usage was calculated as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 bed-days (BD) according to 2009 ATC-DDD index. Results: Antibiotics were administered to 74 patients (61.5%) out 01 121 who were hospitalized in our hospital. Antibiotic usage in the internal clinics was intended for therapeutical reasons in 18 patients (94.7 %) and for prophylactic reasons in 35 patients (77.8 %) in the surgical clinics. The use of antibiotics in 44 patients (59.7 %) out of 74 was appropriate. However, an inappropriate antibiotic use was detected in 30 patients (40.5 %). The inappropriate antibiotics were administered to 21 patients (70 %) who were hospitalized in the surgical clinics. A three days total antimicrobial consumption index value in the hospital was 81,19 DDD/100 BD, while this value was found 25,45 DDD/100 BD for the internal clinics and 38,39 DDD/100 BD for the surgical clinics. A positive correlation was observed among the inappropriate antibiotic usage and the antibiotic consumption (p<0.001). Discussion: Consequently, the ratio of an inappropriate antibiotic usage in our hospital is high and parallel to this, the antibiotic consumption ratio is excessive. It is necessary to share microbiological data and provide an adequate education to reduce the antibiotic consumption and enable a better and rational antibiotic consumption (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 22). Full Text in free PDF www.bmj.sk.Öğe Nosocomial urinary tract infections: Micro-organisms, antibiotic sensitivities and risk factors(Univ West Indies Faculty Medical Sciences, 2006) Savas, L.; Guvel, S.; Onlen, Y.; Savas, N.; Duran, N.Objective. Although urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common hospital-acquired infections, the epidemiology of these UTIs is not well defined in Turkey. The aim of this surveillance study was to determine micro-organisms responsible for UTI, their antibiotic sensitivities and to describe the incidence and risk factors of nosocomial urinary tract infections (NUTI). Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective surveillance study including cases of NUTI in intensive care units and various inpatient clinics. This study was carried out between November 2000 and January 2002. The following information was recorded: patients' age, gender type of infection (hospital-acquired), presence of urinary catheter, intensive care unit admission, duration of hospital stay, type of organisms isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility. The diagnosis of NUTI was based on criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. Mini Api and conventional culture methods were used to determine the causative agents. The agents were isolated on eosin methylene blue agar and 5% sheep blood agar Statistical analyses of data were by chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: In this study, 618 (2.1%) nosocomial infections (NIs) were determined in 29778 patients, and 178 of these infections were NUTI (28.8%, 178/618). The mean age of NUTI patients was 61.0 +/- 19.4 years (0-91 years) and 82 NUTI patients (46.1%) were male and 96 (53.9%) were female. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Escherichia coli (31.4%) followed by Candida spp (21.3%), Klebsiella spp (10.6%) and Enterococcus spp (6.9%). Compared to the rate of other NIs, the rate of NUTI increased by 1.011 times per year of age, by 2.052 times in females and by 3.83 times in patients with urinary catheters (p < 0.05). The most effective antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria were found to be imipenem and meropenem. Conclusions: Important factors to prevent NUTI are to avoid unnecessary urethral catheterization, to choose narrow spectrum antibiotics according to antibiotic sensitivities, to investigate regularly the causative micro-organisms and their resistance patterns and to update the treatment protocols.
