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    Calcium Fructoborate Prevents Skin Cancer Development in Balb-c Mice
    (Humana Press Inc, 2020) Kisacam, Mehmet Ali; Kocamuftuoglu, Gonca Ozan; Ozan, Ibrahim Enver; Yaman, Mehmet; Ozan, Sema Temizer
    Tumor microenvironment, genetic, and non-genetic factors are responsible for the atypical metabolic feature of cancer cells. Aberrant activity of PI3K/Akt pathway, increased glycolytic flux, and decreased intracellular pH gradient are the leading causes of this feature. Calcium Fructoborate (CaFB), a sugar-borate ester, has major benefits for human health. The aim of this study was to explore the implication of CaFB on experimentally induced skin cancer in vivo. According to the treatment, 92 female Balb-c mice are divided into six groups: control, CaFB (3 mg/kg/day), 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)+12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (97.5 nmol DMBA, 6.5 nmol TPA), T1: CaFB+DMBA+TPA (3 mg/kg/day CaFB together with DMBA), T2: DMBA+CaFB+TPA (3 mg/kg/day CaFB together with TPA), T3: DMBA+TPA+CaFB (3 mg/kg/day CaFB after tumor formation). Topical DMBA and TPA application resulted in a significant increase in the protein levels, immunoreactivity, and mRNA expression of HRAS, HIF1 alpha, Akt, and PTEN (p< 0.05). Moreover, an increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was observed in DMBA-TPA group compared with the control group (p< 0.05). CaFB application reduced the protein levels, immunoreactivity, and mRNA expressions of HRAS, HIF1 alpha, Akt, and PTEN and also decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Recent evidence obtained from our study validated that CaFB treatment may have skin cancer-preventing effect.
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    The evaluation of early stage oxidative status in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Kisacam, Mehmet Ali; Kocamuftuoglu, Gonca Ozan; Ufat, Hakan; Ozan, Sema Temizer
    Early-stage diabetes can be defined as the stages before absolute insulin deficiency in patients. In this study, the early stage oxidative effect of streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetes mellitus was evaluated. 28 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control group and 7th, 14th, 21st days diabetic groups. Diabetic groups received single 65 mg/kg STZ injection intraperitoneally. Rats were decapitated at 7th, 14th and 21st days, liver tissues were taken. Nitric oxide(NO), malondialdehyde(MDA) levels and catalase, arginase activities were measured. MDA and NO levels were increased (respectivelyp < .001 andp < .01), mainly 14 and 21 days after STZ administration; moreover, while liver catalase activity was progressively decreased (p < .001), oppositely arginase was increased in the same time period (p < .01). Results show that MDA and nitric oxide together with catalase and arginase switch at an early stage of diabetes and they may contribute to subsequent complications related to diabetes via increased oxidative damage.
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    Oleuropein reduces the oxidative effects of tobacco smoke in rats’ liver and kidney
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kocamuftuoglu, Gonca Ozan; Kisacam, Mehmet Ali; Tektemur, Nalan Kaya; Yilmaz, Osman Fatih; Ozan, Ibrahim Enver; Ozan, Sema Temizer; Bircan, Filiz Sezen
    Tobacco smoke contains free radicals, which can potentiate the initiation and promotion of oxidative damage. Nitric oxide (NO) is easily converted into nitric oxide radicals found in tobacco smoke. Nitric oxide synthase and arginase, which might participate in oxidative stress, are two rival enzymes using the same substrate. Oleuropein (OLE) is the main phenolic compound found in olive leaves and has important antioxidant properties. In this study, potential protective effects of OLE on tobacco, smoke-exposed rats were evaluated. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: Control, Tobacco smoke, Tobacco smoke + OLE. The rats in tobacco smoke and tobacco smoke + OLE were exposed to tobacco smoke in a glass chamber for 1 h every other day for 12 weeks. Tobacco smoke + OLE were received 10 mg/kg OLE for the last 4 weeks by oral gavage. After 12 weeks, rats were decapitated; kidney and liver tissues were taken. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), NO levels together with catalase (CAT) and arginase activity were measured. MDA levels increased in the liver and kidney, while CAT activity and GSH levels decreased in tobacco smoke group. OLE administration decreased MDA levels while increasing CAT activity and GSH levels. NO levels increased in the liver following tobacco smoke, yet, OLE did not change NO significantly. Furthermore, kidney NO levels increased following tobacco smoke and OLE decreased this level. Tobacco smoke did not change kidney arginase levels while OLE decreased this activity. Our results showed that OLE could be beneficial in reducing the negative impact of tobacco smoke on both the liver and kidney. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.