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    In vitro comparison of high-definition US, CBCT and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of proximal and recurrent caries
    (British Inst Radiology, 2021) Seker, Oya; Kamburoglu, Kivanc; Sahin, Cihan; Eratam, Nejlan; Cakmak, Esra Ece; Sonmez, Gul; Ozen, Dogukan
    Objective: To assess the in vitro performance of high-definition (HD) US, CBCT and periapical radiography for the visibility of proximal and recurrent caries in teeth with and without restoration. Methods: A total of 240 molar teeth were divided into eight groups each comprised of 30 teeth. Control groups consisted of teeth without caries (Group 1-4; N = 120), whereas diseased groups consisted of teeth with proximal caries (Group 5-8; N = 120 teeth). Finally, a total of four image sets were obtained as follows: i) PSP periapical radiography, ii) CBCT 0.075mm voxel size, iii) CBCT 0.2mm voxel size and iv) HD US images. The image sets were viewed separately by four observers by using a 5-point confidence scale. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. The areas under the ROC curves were compared using chi-square tests. Significance level was set at alpha = 0.05. Results: Intraobserver agreement for both readings for the four observers ranged between 0.848 and 0.988 for CBCT (0.075mm) images; 0.658 and 0.952 for CBCT (0.2mm) images; 0.555 and 0.810 for periapical images; 0.427 and 0.676 for US images. Highest AUC values were found for CBCT (0.075 mm) images and lowest for US images. Statistically significant differences were found among CBCT (0.075mm) images and US images (p < 0.001), CBCT (0.2 mm) images and US images (p < 0.001) and periapical images and US images (p < 0.001) for the detection of proximal caries. Conclusion: Periapical and CBCT images outperformed HD US imaging in the detection of proximal dental caries.
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    Investigation of Factors Influencing Thoroughbred Horses' Racing Career Length in Turkey
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Ozen, Dogukan; Kaya, Ufuk; Ozen, Hulya; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Unal, Necmettin; Gurcan, Ismayil Safa
    The aim of this research was to determine the average length of a Thoroughbred horse's racing career in Turkey using survival functions of Thoroughbred horses with various characteristics. In addition, the aim was to identify risk factors that could influence the duration of a Thoroughbred horse's racing career and develop a survival model that took these factors into account. A total of 11,721 Thoroughbred horses born in 2007 and later were included in the study population. The horses involved in the study were followed for a minimum of 1 year. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the average length of racing career for each factor studied. Extended Cox regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors upon time of career ending and to create a survival model. Results showed that, the mean career length of Thoroughbred horses was 17.79 months (95% CI: 17.41-18.13). Also, starting age of the race, number of starts, type of track where the race started, racing on a single type racetrack and earning status were found risk factors that affect the length of the racing career. Earnings was the top relative contributor to the established model, and its sole adjusted effect showed that being in the lowest earning group increased the hazard of career ending 2.28 times (95% CI:1.98-2.61) compared to horses with highest earning group. In conclusion, clear differences upon the length of racing career was observed for each investigated factor. Future studies should be considerate of these differences when analyzing population data. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.